Mosbach

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Mosbach
Mosbach
Map of Germany, position of the city of Mosbach highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 21 '  N , 9 ° 9'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Württemberg
Administrative region : Karlsruhe
County : Neckar-Odenwald district
Height : 156 m above sea level NHN
Area : 62.23 km 2
Residents: 23,398 (Dec. 31, 2018)
Population density : 376 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 74821
Primaries : 06261, 06263 , 06267Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : MOS, BCH
Community key : 08 2 25 058
City structure: 6 districts

City administration address :
Hauptstrasse 29
74821 Mosbach
Website : www.mosbach.de
Lord Mayor : Michael Jann ( CDU )
Location of the city of Mosbach in the Neckar-Odenwald district
Hessen Bayern Hohenlohekreis Landkreis Heilbronn Main-Tauber-Kreis Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Adelsheim Aglasterhausen Billigheim Binau Buchen (Odenwald) Elztal (Odenwald) Fahrenbach Hardheim Haßmersheim Höpfingen Hüffenhardt Limbach (Baden) Mosbach Mudau Neckargerach Neckarzimmern Neunkirchen (Baden) Obrigheim (Baden) Osterburken Ravenstein Rosenberg (Baden) Schefflenz Schwarzach (Odenwald) Seckach Waldbrunn (Odenwald) Walldürn Zwingenberg (Baden)map
About this picture

Mosbach [ mosbaχ, moːsbaχ ] is a city in the north of Baden-Württemberg , about 24 km north of Heilbronn and 35 km east of Heidelberg . It is the district town and largest city in the Neckar-Odenwald district and a medium-sized center for the surrounding communities. Mosbach has been a major district town since July 1, 1976 . Mosbach belongs to the administrative district of Karlsruhe , to the European metropolitan region Rhine-Neckar (until May 20, 2003 the Lower Neckar region and until December 31, 2005 the Rhine-Neckar-Odenwald region ) and is the seat of a dual university .

In the High and Late Middle Ages , Mosbach was an independent imperial city in the Holy Roman Empire , which is reflected in the city's coat of arms.

geography

location

Mosbach is located on the southern foothills of the Baden-Württemberg Odenwald on the border with building land in the Elz valley , a right tributary of the Neckar , just before its mouth in the Neckarelz district. The city is part of the Neckartal-Odenwald Nature Park and the UNESCO Geo-Nature Park Bergstrasse-Odenwald . The mountain ranges around the city center are the Hardberg and the Henschelberg.

The Elz estuary with (from left to right) the districts of Neckarelz and Diedesheim as well as the Neckar and the neighboring municipality of Obrigheim

City structure

The urban area of ​​Mosbach consists of the core town and the districts of Diedesheim , Lohrbach , Neckarelz , Reichenbuch , Sattelbach and Waldstadt.

The hamlet of Schreckhof is part of the Diedesheim district. The houses Haus Ilse, Mühle and Tannenhof belong to the Lohrbach district. The urban districts of Hammerweg and Nüstenbach , the hamlets of Bergfeld and Hardhof, the Johannes-Diakonie der Innere Mission and the Knopfhof homestead belong to the core town of Mosbach .

The Buttersheim and Hasbach desert areas are in the core city area . Both places were demolished in 1363 and the residents were relocated to Mosbach. In the Sattelbach district are the desert areas of Wüsthausen and Rohrbach.

Neighboring communities

The following towns and communities belonging to the Neckar-Odenwald district border the town of Mosbach: Limbach , Fahrenbach , Elztal , Billigheim , Neckarzimmern , Haßmersheim , Obrigheim , Binau , Neckargerach and Waldbrunn . The city has agreed the administrative community of Mosbach with the communities of Elztal, Neckarzimmern and Obrigheim .

Spatial planning

The forest town, from the Neckar side only recognizable through the church tower towering over the treetops

Mosbach forms a middle center in the area of ​​the regional centers Heidelberg and Heilbronn. In addition to Mosbach, the towns and communities of Aglasterhausen , Billigheim, Elztal, Fahrenbach, Haßmersheim , Hüffenhardt, Limbach , Neckarzimmern, Neunkirchen , Obrigheim , Schefflenz and Schwarzach belong to the central area of ​​Mosbach . In addition, there are links with the neighboring middle center Eberbach with regard to the communities of Binau , Neckargerach, Waldbrunn and Zwingenberg .

Eberbach is about 25 km to the north - in the Neckar valley - the neighboring middle center. To the northeast it is Buchen (just under 30 km). The population density is lowest to the east, and small towns such as Adelsheim (25 km) and Osterburken (just under 30 km) already have a certain central function. Only at a distance of more than 60 kilometers are Tauberbischofsheim and Bad Mergentheim again towns of a size comparable to that of Mosbach. With Möckmühl , which is also much smaller and just 25 km away, there is a catchment area limit with regard to high schools in both places. The situation is different to the south. There are just a little more than 20 kilometers away with Bad Friedrichshall and Bad Rappenau, two cities with around 20,000 inhabitants, which are, however, due to their proximity to the Oberzentrum Heilbronn (around 30 km from Mosbach) from are of lesser importance in terms of spatial planning . To the south-west is Sinsheim , 30 kilometers away , which with 35,000 inhabitants is already noticeably larger than Mosbach. In the west, Heidelberg is 45 kilometers away, the second relevant regional center after Heilbronn.

geology

Shell limestone closure at the city garden

The city is built on shell limestone deposits from the Triassic . The plaster deposits that were able to form in the shallow sea of the Germanic Basin also originate from this era . Only a few kilometers north of the core town of Mosbach, however, the older red sandstone , through which the outcrops on the Neckar slopes between Mosbach and Heidelberg get their characteristic red appearance, reaches the surface. Today's Lohrbach district is already located on red sandstone. The peculiarities of the south-west German layer level country are therefore clearly visible in the region. In the direction of the neighboring municipality of Binau , the transition to the Buntsandstein lies on the Ludolfsklinge, which also closes the Schreckberg with the Schreckhof to the north. On the red sandstone bedrock, water accumulates in the shell limestone of the Schreckberg and emerges at the foot of the Schreckberg. Directly on the national highway 37 at the entrance to Ludolf blade is formed by the so-called "dog-trough" - a natural monument - tufa : the carbonate-water available at its exit from the mountain the dissolved lime again arises whereby new, very rugged looking rock.

"Eselstrog" on the B37

climate

The Upper Rhine Graben and the Bergstrasse are some of the warmest regions in Germany. The spatial proximity to these regions is not reflected in Mosbach's climate, however. The Odenwald causes a significantly cooler climate and - particularly noticeable - in the winter months, compared to the German mean, almost twice as much rainfall . These effects are most pronounced, however, not in Mosbach, but in the higher areas of the Odenwald - such as the “winter breath” at the foot of the Katzenbuckel , which has a far greater snow guarantee in winter than Mosbach.

Rainfall mean values ​​from 1961 to 1990 at the DWD station Mosbach-Diedesheim.png
Average precipitation values ​​from 1961 to 1990 at the DWD station in Mosbach-Diedesheim. The corresponding values ​​for the whole of Germany are included for comparison.

Neckar

The two districts of Neckarelz and Diedesheim were repeatedly hit by Neckar floods in the past . The Gundelsheim gauge is relevant for the Mosbach area . The HMO alarm water level is 3.40 meters. At a water level of 5.40 meters, the Neckar begins to overflow its banks near Neckarelz. The first to be affected are the parking spaces under the stilt bridge of the B 27. From a water level of 7.10 meters, the first neighboring houses are affected. During the Christmas flood in 1993, the Gundelsheim gauge reached a high of 8.95 meters.

The Elz represents a lower flood risk for the city center. However, flood damage is not excluded. The flood in 1993 caused considerable damage to the directly neighboring public and private buildings.

history

Prehistory

A number of fossils have been found in and around Mosbach. Due to the special geological location (see section Geology ), both red sandstone fossils such as chirotheria and shell limestone fossils such as the Mixosaurus came to light . The region around Mosbach, along with Thuringia and Main Franconia, is one of the main areas of such finds. There is also prehistoric evidence from the Quaternary , which is already dominated by mammals . In addition to the above-mentioned finds from the Tertiary period , the Mosbach City Museum also has mammoth molars among its exhibits. This wealth of finds sometimes leads to the misinterpretation that the Mosbach horse and the Mosbach lion were named after Mosbach (Baden) and were also found there. However, all fossil finds with "Mosbach" in their name were named after the former village of Mosbach between Wiesbaden and Biebrich in Hesse , which was incorporated into Wiesbaden in 1926 together with Biebrich. The Mosbacher Sande are also named after the former Hessian village of Mosbach.

First settlement

A map of the medieval dioceses on the Upper Rhine showing Mosbach as part of the Würzburg diocese

At the time of the Romans, in the 2nd century AD, the Neckar-Odenwald-Limes ran through what is now Neckarburken, near what is now the city . In modern times, two Neckarburken forts were uncovered there. In the urban area of ​​Mosbach in the district of Diedesheim there was probably a supply yard ("Villa rustica") of these forts, as evidenced by a giant Jupiter column discovered in 1986 .

Pre-documented history

Many historical questions remain unanswered for the period before the 9th century . There are reports in the border area to the legend, according to which Mosbach was destroyed by the Huns around the year 450 and that Mosbach was sold by the Merovingian Dagobert I to the Kraichgaugrafen in 634 (compare the legend of Notburga von Hochhausen ).

Little research has also been done into the early medieval rulership in the area around Mosbach. The abandoned Hartheim and the Mosbach district of Lohrbach founded from there could have had an early central function . Lohrbach was first mentioned in a document in 765. The Castle Lohrbach was built between 900 and 1000. The Mosbach settlement was built around the Benedictine monastery Mosabach . According to a not unlikely, but historically not confirmed thesis, the monastery was founded in 736 by Saint Pirminius as part of the diocese of Constance . Four Benedictine monasteries were assigned the task of opening up the unpopulated Odenwald forest area by the Franconian central authority ( Karolinger ) , the Lorsch monastery from the west, the Fulda monastery from the north, the Amorbach monastery from the east and the Mosbach monastery from the south.

Monks of this monastery were first mentioned in the 9th century (825 or 826). As a settlement, Mosbach first appeared in a document in 976. The place name Mosbach does not seem to go back to a body of water with this name, but rather its original ending was, like other place names in this area ending in -bach, rather -buoch and thus initially referred to a (beech) forest , which fits in with the history of the systematic founding of monasteries in the Odenwald.

Imperial city from 1241 to 1362

Part of the preserved city wall including a watchtower (photo taken around 2008)

The settlement around the Mosbach monastery gradually grew into a community, which was granted the rights as a Free Imperial City in 1241 . In the year 1291 Mosbach must have been at least partially fortified, since it was mentioned from this year as "Oppidum Mosebacensis" ("city fortified with towers and walls"). The oldest surviving town seal dates from 1290. One of the oldest buildings in Mosbach still in existence today, the temple in Neckarelz, dates from this period .

In 1348/49 the plague raged in the city. On this occasion there was persecution of the Jews, which temporarily meant the end of the Jewish community that had existed for at least 50 years.

The city was mortgaged many times between 1297 and 1407. Adolf von Nassau first pledged Mosbach to the Lords of Breuberg and then income from Mosbach to Konrad von Weinsberg, Ludwig the Bavarian confirmed the pledge to the Breubergers and, after redeeming the pledge, gave the town to Count Palatine Rudolf II, and later to Burckhard von Sturmfeder and to Engelbert von Hirschhorn. The city was only able to maintain its rights as an imperial city until 1362, when it became part of the Electoral Palatinate , because Count Palatine Ruprecht I acquired it in full by redeeming an old Hirschhorn pledge and incorporated it into the Electoral Palatinate. With the transition to the Palatinate, however, the pledging of the city did not end, as Count Palatine Ruprecht III. needed a lot of money in connection with his election as king and Mosbach pledged it again until 1407.

Belonging to the Electoral Palatinate

Copper engraving Merian's
Today's view from the approximate point of view of Merian's copperplate engraving

In 1410 Count Palatine Otto I - the youngest son of King Ruprecht - made Mosbach his residence. The Palatinate Mosbach included goods on the Neckar, in Kraichgau , on Bergstrasse and, after the death of Otto's brother Johann, large areas around Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate , from where Otto II ruled Palatinate-Mosbach and Pfalz-Neumarkt mainly. The Oberamt Mosbach was an administrative district within these territories. Otto II remained without descendants, and so the Pfalz-Mosbach line became extinct in 1499 and the territory fell back to the Kurlinie. At that time Philip was the Sincere Elector. The city grew and prospered. The prosperity of the numerous craftsmen expressed itself in the half-timbered houses , some of which were built at that time , which still give Mosbach's old town its characteristic face today.

This rise was followed by a major decline triggered by the Thirty Years' War (1618 to 1648). At the time of the outbreak of war the Palatinate under Elector was Frederick V. Calvinist . The Elector, who was only 23 years old, was unhappy in terms of foreign policy and was elected King of Bohemia and leader of the Protestant Union . As a result, he became the main adversary of Maximilian I of Bavaria , head of the Catholic League , who - like Friedrich - belonged to the Wittelsbach family , in terms of the denominational dimension of the Thirty Years' War . The Electoral Palatinate was thus at the center of confessional disputes. Mosbach escaped major destruction such as arson and was able to preserve its buildings, but armies marched through the city several times and took all of the city's wealth with them in the event of looting . Hunger and plague did the rest.

In 1645, Matthäus Merian also created a copper engraving by Mosbach for his Topographia Germaniae .

Recovery was slow after the end of the Thirty Years' War. Mosbach was not directly affected by the Palatinate War of Succession (1688–1697) due to its location and, in contrast to Mannheim , Heidelberg and Speyer, for example , escaped destruction, but this war burdened the region as a whole - even beyond the Electoral Palatinate - and was certainly not conducive to recovery from the Thirty Years' War. Some Jewish families fled from the destroyed Mannheim to Mosbach and subsequently founded a Jewish community again.

Already during the war, but also afterwards, the somewhat unfortunate situation of denominational conflict arose between the reformed Electoral Palatinate ancestral territory around Heidelberg and its Catholic ruler, Elector Johann Wilhelm from the Catholic line Pfalz-Neuburg of the Wittelsbach family. Times had changed since the Thirty Years' War, and denominational differences were no longer as important as before, but they were not entirely meaningless. After the end of the War of the Palatinate Succession, under Johann Wilhelm there was a recovery, but no prosperity, in the Calvinist areas of the Electoral Palatinate, to which Mosbach also belonged. Johann Wilhelm therefore remained rather unpopular with his subjects on the Neckar. In this situation the dividing wall was drawn into the collegiate church, because "Jan Wellem" was tolerant enough not to want to forbid subjects of other faiths to believe, but at the same time wanted to give Catholicism special support.

In 1723 the city suffered the greatest loss of building structure in its history in a fire that killed 150 houses.

With the wise policy of Elector Karl III. However, Philipp started an upswing for the Neckar region. As an enlightened monarch, his successor Karl Theodor increased this to an unprecedented bloom for the royal seat of Mannheim . As a patron , Karl Theodor promoted art, culture and science, founded academies, orchestras and theaters. His court attracted artists such as Mozart , Schiller and Iffland . Karl Theodor set up a faience manufacture in Mosbach , and with the general upswing, trade and handicrafts brought prosperity to Mosbach again.

19th century: Mosbach becomes Baden

A Baden border post in the courtyard of the old hospital

For Mosbach, too, the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss had drastic political consequences: After a three-year interim phase as part of the Principality of Leiningen , the city came to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806 and also became the seat of an office here . The craft lost its importance, but Mosbach as an administrative location became central in its importance for the rural environment. First there was a city office as well as a first and a second land office. These were combined in 1822 to form the Mosbach District Office . In 1879 a regional court was established, which still exists today.

The greatest turning point in the transport infrastructure took place in 1862 when the Grand Ducal Baden State Railways completed the Heidelberg - Meckesheim - Obrigheim - Mosbach section of the Badische Odenwaldbahn , which was then extended to Würzburg. As a result, there actually was an economic upswing. The Neckar Valley Railway was opened in 1879 and, as a connection to Heidelberg, soon surpassed the line via Meckesheim and Obrigheim in importance. In the course of this route opening, Neckarelz train station was relocated from the southern outskirts (today: Alter Bahnhofweg) to its current position.

20th century

In 1905 Mosbach became the starting point for the Odenwald Express , a narrow-gauge railway line to Mudau . The route was controversial for a long time and the final agreement and the rapid construction of the route is largely thanks to the efforts of Mosbach's mayor Jakob Renz , who was awarded the Knight's Cross for this. Renz also made an outstanding contribution to the first industrial settlements in Mosbach and the development of new building areas. In 1913/14 the city garden was set up under Renz, as a plan existed to make Mosbach a climatic health resort. There were plans for a "Bad Mosbach". However, the implementation failed. The city garden still exists today as part of the “ LGS Park” and the “ Solebrünnlein” is a reminder of the former spa plans. The Loretto memorial was erected in the city garden in 1918 in memory of the soldiers who fell from Mosbach in the First World War .

During the Weimar Republic , Mosbach was part of the Baden Republic .

Nazi rule

The Synagogenplatz in 2007 with the plaque commemorating the events of the Reichspogromnacht

The Nazi era were as elsewhere the Mosbacher clubs and associations and the local administration " brought into line ". Mayor Eugen Boulanger , whose term of office ended in March 1933, was driven out of office. In May 1933, the citizens' committee, which was brought into line, unanimously elected an NSDAP candidate to succeed him.

In 1939, the Mosbach district office became the Mosbach district .

During the November pogrom in 1938 , the synagogue built around 1800 on Frohndbrunnengasse was destroyed and the inventory on the market square was burned. Two garages were later built on the site of the synagogue. A first reappraisal of this part of the story happened around 1965 when a memorial plaque was attached to those garages. The square was redesigned on the initiative of the Jewish art historian Julius Held from Mosbach . As part of the renovation of the old town, which took over two decades, the garages were demolished and a memorial was built in their place. The square now officially bears the name "Synagogenplatz" and was inaugurated under this name in 1986. The Jewish cemetery on Kapellenweg was also severely desecrated . There a memorial stone commemorates the Jewish victims of the Shoah.

In March 1943, the Kripo and Mosbach police deported the Mosbach Sinti Stefan Reinhardt and his partner, along with a total of 53 Sinti from the district, to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp, including children. They had previously locked her in a building in the Brennersmühle because the fourteen-year-old Sinto Johannes Winterstein had fled before the police could take his fingerprints. On March 28, 1943, local police officers handed these Sinti over to the local SS on behalf of the Mosbach criminal police station.

The Neckarelz concentration camp , a satellite camp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp, was located in Neckarelz from 1944 to 1945 . The prisoners were supposed to hack production rooms in the plaster tunnels. They were initially trapped in the school in the Neckarelz district. In the end, almost 10,000 people worked in the underground bomber aircraft engine factory in Obrigheim, many of them prisoners of various kinds. Among them, the 5,000 concentration camp prisoners formed the main group. 900 could still be liberated in April 1945.

At that time patients of the Johannes-Anstalten , 262 in number, fell victim to the "euthanasia" killing campaign in Grafeneck .

Mosbach, especially the old town center, was largely spared from air raids during the Second World War . The firelight of the cities of Heilbronn (on December 4, 1944) and Pforzheim (on February 23, 1945), which burned after air raids , could be seen in Mosbach and made the situation impressive for the residents. Attacks on Mosbach were mainly not carried out by bombing, but - after the air defense had been completely switched off - by fighter planes using their on-board weapons, the pilots of which were apparently relatively free in their decisions. In March 1945, German troops advancing to the southeast blew up the only Neckar bridge in the area to make it more difficult for the Allies - the 63rd US Infantry Division advancing from Heidelberg - to cross the Neckar at this point. Of course, the blown up Neckar Bridge could not hold up the Americans for long. On the Easter holidays in 1945 they crossed the Neckar and advanced from Neckarelz to Mosbach. In particular , it is thanks to the courageous behavior of Wilhelm Kapferer, who has been entrusted with the mayor's business these days , that the city was surrendered without a fight and that there was no destruction or sacrifice during the capture.

Due to the comparatively low importance of the Meckesheim – Neckarelz railway line , the Neckar Bridge was not rebuilt after the war and the Obrigheim – Neckarelz railway section was finally officially closed on September 9, 1949. After the Second World War, new road bridges were created over the Neckar instead with the bridge from Diedesheim to Obrigheim and the federal road bridge from Neckarelz to Obrigheim.

Post-war and present

After the war Mosbach was part of the American occupation zone Württemberg-Baden . Numerous expellees poured into the city, which had been largely spared from destruction. The city's electricity and water supplies were ailing, living space was scarce, and the few local industries offered insufficient jobs. The positive development from the 1950s to the 1970s is thanks to the mayor Werner Tarun , who was surprisingly elected to office in 1954. He modernized the administration, modernized water and electricity supply, built numerous schools and developed large new building areas. Tarun also worried about the settlement of further large industrial companies as well as numerous small and medium-sized companies. "Baudekan" Josef Krämer , who was not only pastor at St. Cäcilia, but also a member of the state parliament until 1960, and whose building cooperative Neue Heimat built well over 3,000 apartments in Mosbach by 1972, took care of social housing .

By developing the Hammerweg residential area, Mosbach and Neckarelz grew together spatially. A little later the ingot was built in the direction of Nüstenbach. The Waldstadt district was built “out of nowhere” as a federal demonstration building project during the economic boom .

When the B 27 was expanded in the 1960s , it was initially decided to continue to lead traffic through the historic city center, for which the narrow main street was to be widened by converting the ground floors of numerous historic buildings into arcades. After the attempted renovation of the old Kapfererhaus from 1600 had proven impossible to build arcades into the ground floors without fundamentally rebuilding load-bearing parts or even the entire house, further renovation plans to widen the street were abandoned. A bypass road was later built for the city center and the historic center was largely redesigned into a pedestrian zone.

As part of the district reform on January 1, 1973, the district of Mosbach was combined with the district of Buchen and some communities in other districts to form the new Neckar-Odenwald district . Mosbach became the district town of the new district.

The population of the city of Mosbach exceeded the limit of 20,000 in 1975 as part of the regional reform . Thereupon the city administration submitted the application to be elevated to a major district town , which the state government granted with effect from July 1, 1976. To this day Mosbach is the only large district town in the Neckar-Odenwald district.

The renovation of the old town began in the 1970s. A local initiative tried in vain to obtain ensemble protection as a whole . The large new buildings, some of which were then planned with little sensitivity, and which replaced numerous historic half-timbered buildings in the inner city area, called many critics on the scene. The Pfalzgrafenstift , which was built on the edge of the old town and which not only affects the historical roof landscape, but also the view from the so-called Malerwinkel , as well as the dumpling building on the Alte Bergsteige, which was planned as a commercial building, was particularly criticized . In connection with the renovation of the old town, the Elz stream was renatured. In the 1980s, the Waldsteige-West construction area was also built and, ten years later, Waldsteige-West II.

In 1997 Mosbach hosted the Baden-Württemberg State Horticultural Show , for which the old town was redeveloped. The city park on the edge of the city center has been significantly enlarged for this purpose. In January of that year, the renovated Villa Hübner ensemble and the old malt house were inaugurated. The old malt house replaced the aging “town hall” - at the fire station - as the central event location in the city.

In 2001 " The Syndicate " came to the Criminale in Mosbach. In 2002 Mosbach hosted the Baden-Württemberg Home Conference .

The periphery of the old town was also redesigned after the garden show. The demolition of the listed historical reception building of the Mosbacher Bahnhofs station, against which the citizens' initiative “Save the station” had campaigned in vain for six years, made it possible in 2002 to expand the federal highway 27 leading through the city to four lanes. About ten years later, the area on Gartenstrasse was built over, one of the last larger vacant lots that had been created many years earlier by the wave of demolitions in the course of the renovation of the old town.

Current building areas are "Mittel" in the center of the city and in the Lohrbach district "Dorfwiesen / Bremen".

Municipal area reforms in the 1930s and 1970s

The following municipalities were to Mosbach incorporated or having Mosbach together :

  • on April 1, 1935: Nüstenbach
  • on December 1, 1972: Lohrbach, Reichenbuch, Sattelbach
  • on May 1, 1973: Diedesheim
  • on April 15, 1975: Neckarelz (merged with Mosbach to form today's town of Mosbach)

Population development

Population numbers according to the respective territorial status (between 1871 and 1933, however, already including Nüstenbach, although this place was only incorporated in 1935). The figures are census results (¹) or official updates from the respective statistical offices ( main residences only ).

year Residents
1774 1,443
1800 2,062
1852 2,732
1871, December 1st 3,360
1880, December 1st ¹ 3,807
1890, December 1st ¹ 3,729
1900, December 1st ¹ 3,943
1910, December 1st ¹ 4,494
1919, October 8 ¹ 4,290
1925, June 16 ¹ 4,912
1933, June 16 ¹ 5,079
1939, May 17th ¹ 5,480
1945, December ¹ 6.140
1950, September 13 ¹ 8,994
year Residents
1961, June 6 ¹ 11,343
1970, May 27 ¹ 13,674
1975, December 31st 23,663
1980, December 31st 23,224
1987, May 25 ¹ 23,568
1990, December 31 24,650
1995, December 31st 24,968
2000, December 31 25,045
2005, December 31 25.102
2010, December 31 24,490
2011, May 9 ¹ 23,137
2015, December 31 23,000
2017, December 31 23,288
2018, December 31 23,398
Population development between 1774 and 2016

¹ census result

Religions

Christianity

The temple house in Neckarelz
The Catholic parish church of
St. Cäcilia , built by Hans Herkommer in 1934/35
Mosque of the Turkish Islamic Union

Mosbach belonged to the diocese of Würzburg from 1261 at the latest and was assigned to the archdeaconate Weinsberg-Buchen, regional capital Buchen. From 1520 a Protestant preacher was active in Mosbach; In 1546, the Roman Catholic service in the old church of St. Cäcilia was abolished and a little later it was converted into the town hall . The Reformation was officially introduced in 1556 - initially according to the Lutheran confession. In 1559 they switched to the Reformed Confession. From 1576 the city was again temporarily Lutheran (until 1583). During the Thirty Years' War Mosbach was temporarily Catholic again . From 1680 there were Lutheran parishioners who were supplied from Neckarzimmern. From 1685, all three denominations were permitted again for the first time, and in 1696 a separate Lutheran congregation was founded. From 1698 the Collegiate Church of St. Juliana was used simultaneously by the Reformed and the Catholics . In 1708 the church was divided by a partition wall; the catholics were assigned the choir, the Protestants the nave. This division still exists today, and so Catholics refer to the town church as “St. Juliana ”, Protestants as a“ collegiate church ”.

After the transfer to the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806, the two Protestant communities were merged into one uniate community in 1821 . Mosbach became the seat of a deanery . The associated church district Mosbach the Evangelical Church in Baden today includes all parishes of the city and the entire surrounding area. In the urban area of ​​Mosbach there are the following Protestant parishes: Parish Mosbach with the collegiate church and the Bergfeld parish hall, Luther parish Waldstadt with parish hall, Christ parish with the Christ Church, consecrated in 1965, and the village church of Nüstenbach , parish Lohrbach with the church in Lohrbach and the church in Reichenbuch as well as the church in Reichenbuch -Diedesheim with the Martinskirche and the Ecumenical Center Neckarelz.

The Catholic community of Mosbach initially still belonged to the diocese of Würzburg , after its dissolution to the general vicariate of Bruchsal, before it became part of the newly founded archbishopric of Freiburg in 1821/1827 . Mosbach became the seat of a deanery. In the urban area of ​​Mosbach there are the following parishes today: St. Cäcilia and St. Josef in the core city with the churches of St. Cäcilia , St. Juliana, Maria Königin, St. Josef and St. Brother Klaus in the forest town, St. Maria Neckarelz- Diedesheim with the Marienkirche, the Tempelhaus and the Ecumenical Center in Neckarelz as well as Lohrbach-Sattelbach-Reichenbuch with the churches of St. Paulus Lohrbach, St. Josef Sattelbach and Herz Jesu Reichenbuch.

In 1686 a Franciscan settlement was established in Mosbach, which was finally closed in 1808 by Grand Duke Friedrich von Baden. As early as 1802, the Palatinate-Bavarian Elector Maximilian Joseph ordered the abolition of the monastery. After that, authorities were housed in the buildings. Today's Mosbach Regional Court is located within the walls of this monastery.

The Steyler missionaries maintain a mission house at Arnold-Janssen-Straße 13.

There are also free churches in Mosbach . These include an Evangelical Free Church Congregation ( Baptists ), the International Mission Society of Seventh-day Adventists with the mission house "Salem" and the Church of God Neckarelz.

A New Apostolic parish and an assembly of Jehovah's Witnesses are also represented on site.

Mosbach is also the seat of the Mission Mobilization e. V. (OM).

Judaism

The history of the Jewish community in Mosbach can be traced back to the 13th century. The community suffered severe persecution as early as the Middle Ages. On July 28, 1298, during the Rintfleisch pogrom , 55 Jews were murdered. Further pogroms took place in March and April of 1343 and during the persecution of the Jews at the time of the Black Death in 1348/49. The modern Jewish community emerged in the 17th century. Several Jewish families fled to Mosbach in 1689 from Mannheim, which was destroyed by French troops . A synagogue was probably built in Frohndbrunnengasse at the end of the 18th or the beginning of the 19th century . In 1825 there were 100 inhabitants of Mosbach's Jewish faith (in 1871 the number rose to 229 and then decreased again). A district rabbinate was set up in Mosbach in 1827. Of the 134 Jewish people, at least 38 were murdered during the Nazi era . The building history is not documented from the beginning; there is evidence of the renovation of the interior by a community meeting on February 22, 1846. The growing congregation needed to adapt to the new requirements. The synagogue was destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 .

Islam

In the 1990s, the Turkish Islamic Union (DiTiB) built the Mimar Sinan Mosque in the western part of the city on the banks of the Elz. In addition, there has been the Mosbach Mosque in Alte Brückenstraße since 2010, which is supported by the umbrella organization VIKZ , which represents Sunni Islam with a mystical character.

politics

The Mosbach town hall , built in 1557 on the market square

Municipal council

The municipal council has had 32 voluntary members, who are elected for five years, for a transitional period since the repeal of the phony suburbs from 2019. From 2029 the number of seats will be reduced to 26. The municipal council members use the designation city councilor. In addition, the mayor is the municipal council chairman with voting rights.

The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

Municipal Council 2019
Party / list Share of votes Seats
CDU 31.1% (- 8.0) 10 (- 4)
SPD 24.8% (- 4.3) 8 (- 2)
FW 23.5% (- 8.3) 8 (+ 1)
Green 17.2% (+ 17.2) 5 (+ 5)
AfD 3.4% (+ 3.4) 1 (+ 1)
Turnout: 55.1% (+ 8.4)

Additionally, there is something in the three districts further away from the main town Lohrbach, Reichenbuch and Sattelbach each local councils and mayor . The local councils are elected by the local population at every local election and are to be heard on important matters relating to the locality.

mayor

Street to Mosbach's town hall

At the head of the city is the mayor, mayor since July 1, 1976, who is directly elected by the population for eight years. His permanent representative is the “First Alderman” with the official title “Mayor”.

Michael Jann (CDU) has been Lord Mayor since 2006.

See also: List of Mayors of the City of Mosbach

Elections and MPs

In the case of federal elections , Mosbach is part of the Odenwald - Tauber constituency . In elections to the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg , the constituency is identical to the Neckar-Odenwald district.

MPs for the Neckar-Odenwald district in the Baden-Württemberg state parliament are Peter Hauk (CDU) and Georg Nelius (SPD).

Alois Gerig (CDU) has been a member of the German Bundestag for the constituency of Odenwald - Tauber since 2009 .

Mosbach coat of arms

coat of arms

The official coat of arms of the city of Mosbach shows "in gold a red armored and red-tongued black eagle, covered with a silver breast shield with black capital letters OM, one above the other."

The eagle symbolizes the empire and thus refers to the history of Mosbach as a former free imperial city . The letters OM probably mean Oppidum Mosbacense and were added as a distinction to similar imperial city coats of arms.

Town twinning

Mosbach maintains city ​​partnerships with the following cities :

Culture and sights

dialect

In the population their own dialect is called Odenwälderisch , Odenwäldisch , Kurpfälzisch or Badisch . No distinction is made between the first two, but “Odenwäldisch” is more appropriate. The dialect of Mosbach is Badish only insofar as Mosbach became politically Baden when the Electoral Palatinate was dissolved by the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1806 and a Baden identity exists in the city today. Historically and linguistically more correct, however, would be “Kurpfälzisch”. The Mosbach dialect, however, is on the edge of the Electoral Palatinate language area, and the differences to the Mannheim dialect are obvious.

In a scientific classification, Mosbach's dialect initially belongs to the Upper German languages . Among them, in turn, it belongs to the South Rhine-Franconian region . Sometimes you can also read the term Neckar Franconian . So in Mosbach you eat an "apple on Saturday at a quarter past three or only at quarter past three" and not an "apple on Saturday at a quarter past two or only a quarter to three".

In Mosbach, however, there are already influences from the Swabian - Alemannic language area (cf. the neighboring Unterländisch ). In addition, there are or were subtle differences in the districts. A traditional Neckarelzer speaker will say “oin Oimer” for “a bucket”, but a traditional Mosbach speaker will say “en Eemer”. Both “weisch” and “wesch” are used in Mosbach as end- sentence particles that require confirmation (“gell” in Swabian, “ne” or “woll” in the Ruhr area or “wa” in Berlin ).

Buildings and monuments

Palm'sches house on the north side of the market square
South side of the market square, house Lindenlaub on the left, the salt house on the far right
South-western area of ​​the market square: Haus Brauss and Haus Stadler

The market square is particularly worth seeing in Mosbach . The north side is determined by the town hall and the Palm'schen Haus , a half-timbered house built in 1610, which is a landmark of the city and one of the most beautiful half-timbered houses in southern Germany. The south side of the market square is characterized by a group of other historical half-timbered buildings, namely the Brauss and Lindenlaub buildings as well as the adjoining buildings. The oldest half-timbered house in Mosbach is the salt house from 1425 in the main street a little west of the market square.

The other half-timbered houses in Mosbach that are worth mentioning include the old hospital from the 15th century, which is now the city museum, with the neighboring Kickelhain house as one of the smallest free-standing half-timbered houses in Germany. The Pfalzgrafenstift in Schlossgasse is an example of the renovation of the old town from 1975 to 1998, to which many historic half-timbered buildings fell victim, but in which individual buildings within otherwise completely renewed quarters were renovated and could be maintained at great expense.

The Gothic collegiate church to the northeast of the market square is a simultaneous church, the nave of which is used as a Protestant church. The choir has been separated from the nave by a wall since 1708 and serves as the Catholic Church of St. Juliana. The oldest surviving sections of the church are dated to around 1370. But there was also construction work before and after. The church became Protestant for the first time in 1554 after Elector Friedrich II introduced the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate. Elector Ottheinrich also ordered the closure of the old Catholic parish church of St. Cäcilia in 1556, as according to cuius regio, eius religio he no longer tolerated Catholicism in his principality. The Cäcilienkirche was then rebuilt in 1557/58 into today's Mosbach town hall . Only in 1622 did Catholic pastors return to Mosbach. From 1698 until the separation wall was built, the church was used alternately by Catholics and Protestants. Simultaneous use continues to this day. In 1935 the Catholic parish church of St. Cäcilia - a building by the important sacred architecture architect Hans Herkommer - was built just above the old town center as the town's new main Catholic church.

Mosbach Castle and Castle
Gutleutanlage
Jewish Cemetery

Tucked away on the edge of the old town are the remains of Mosbach Castle . Its beginnings as a fortified castle probably go back to the Staufer era. The manor already existed before Otto I. Mosbach made his residence and was considerably expanded by the count palatine in the 15th century with new buildings. The castle served the Heidelberg electors several times as a place of refuge from epidemics, since Mosbach, in contrast to Heidelberg, was already off the main travel routes. Today, hardly anything can be guessed of the original shape of the castle. The castle fell into disrepair after 1645 and the current buildings were mainly built in 1898 under the then owner, the merchant Montigel, who had a picturesque house built instead of the old castle . The New Castle in front of it from the 15th century is a comparatively simple building. In Frohndbrunnengasse, a shell tower that has risen in a residential building reminds of the former fortified character of the complex. In the vicinity of the castle, fragments of the Mosbach city fortifications have also been preserved with a small additional shell tower and wall remains.

The Gutleutanlage at the cemetery is a historical ensemble of leprosy and wretched houses with an associated chapel. The complex also forms the entrance area of ​​the Mosbach cemetery, which was built around 1520, with numerous historical grave monuments. The Mosbach Jewish Cemetery is directly above the cemetery . The synagogue square on the site of the Mosbach synagogue, which was devastated during the Reichspogromnacht , also commemorates the Jewish community in Mosbach .

With the Kiwwelschisserbrunnen (High German: "Kübelscheißer-Brunnen"), a historical official order of medieval Mosbach city hygiene and the earlier nickname of the Mosbachers based on it was set as a monument to the residents of the neighboring villages. In 1807/08, medical officer Gruber criticized the stench in the winding streets and in the processions with buckets in his Moral Topography , when the Mosbachers brought the full buckets to the fields for fertilization. The fountain, built in 1987 as a foundation, is fed by the Kandelbach, which flows above ground through the steep streets of Mosbach. The Kandelbach also feeds the fountain in the Kandeluß , the name of which refers to the rapid flow of water.

Old malt house and Villa Huebner
Courthouse in Mosbach
The Bachmühle

The old malt house of the Huebner brewery and the entrepreneurial villa Villa Huebner located in front of it are a reminder of the brewing industry at Obertor in Mosbach . The former garden of the villa comprised around 4000 square meters and also extended over the area of ​​today's Obertor shopping center.

The old station of the Badische Bahn was demolished in 2002. The citizens' initiative “Save the station” campaigned in vain for six years to preserve the listed buildings. In its place, the B 27 now runs four lanes through Mosbach.

As an old official town, Mosbach also has numerous historical administrative buildings, including the regional court building , which goes back to the Franciscan monastery Mosbach and is surrounded by a monastery garden laid out in 1997. Also worth seeing is the old power station, where the Stadtwerke are now based.

There are other sights in the districts. The 700-year-old temple in the Neckarelz district has the character of a castle and church with baroque figures of saints next to medieval loopholes. On the Hamberg in Neckarelz there is also a Bismarck tower including a fire bowl. Lohrbach Castle is over 1000 years old in the Lohrbach district . There are also various old churches and other half-timbered buildings in the districts.

Three old mills in the entire city area have found new functions after renovation and maintenance measures. The Bachmühle (driven by the Elz) and the Schimmelsmühle (driven by the Kandelbach) are the last of a total of 14 mills in the Mosbach core town. Today they house gastronomy. Today the youth hostel is located in Mutschlers Mühle in Neckarelz near the Elzstadion.

Say about Lumbeglöggle

The legend of Countess Palatine Johanna's delicate return from the hunt at a late hour is linked to the unusual time the Mosbach rag bell rang in the town hall tower . According to her, the Countess Palatinate is said to have lost her way on a hunting trip in the forest of Michelherdes. In the vicinity of Lohrbach, her dog took in the scent of a deer. The dog followed the stag, Johanna - the only one of her entourage - the dog. The dog was successful and tore the stag, but far from the entourage of Johanna's servants and deep in the undergrowth. Johanna and her entourage could no longer be found. Johanna's husband, Count Palatine Otto I , knew how to help herself and herself and let the said bell ring continuously to show his wife the way back to the city with its sound. At quarter to eleven (10:45 p.m.) Johanna finally reached the city gates. In memory of the good outcome of the “state affair”, “'s Lumbeglöggle” has been beating every day at this time in times of peace.

Historically, however, the Countess Palatine and the bell are not contemporaries. The rag bell was not cast until 1458, 14 years after Johanna's death.

Parks

In the LGS park

Mosbach was the venue for the 15th Baden-Württemberg State Garden Show in 1997. The core of the State Garden Show Park created for this purpose is the city garden, which has existed since the beginning of the 20th century. It lies on both sides of the Elz and borders directly on the old town. For the state horticultural show, the city garden was combined with Loretto Park and the Small and Large Elz Park to form a large LGS park. In addition, a monastery garden based on the historical model was laid out at the former Franciscan monastery in Mosbach on the occasion of the state horticultural show . The Loretto memorial in Loretto Park commemorates the fallen of the 110th Grenadier Regiment in the Loretto Battle of the First World War. The brine green in the LGS-Park refers to the former attempts to extract salt in Mosbach.

theatre

In Mosbach, the Badische Landesbühne is a regular guest - mostly in the Alte Mälzerei . The regional centers of Heidelberg, Mannheim and Heilbronn, which are equipped with fixed theaters, operas and musicals, count Mosbach in their catchment area in this regard.

Museums

The city ​​museum shows a permanent exhibition on city, regional and cultural history. It is located in several historical buildings around the courtyard of the Old Hospital , in the middle of the picturesque old town. According to the motto “Experience history”, the visitor can expect an encounter with the cultural, art and economic history of Mosbach and the region. Rare and meaningful exhibits on a wide range of topics bring past times to life: Mosbach faience and majolica , city history with handicrafts and guilds as well as half-timbered buildings, old Odenwald living culture in the Kickelhain house - which, according to the latest studies, was built in 1591 and with a floor area of ​​26 m² is one of the smallest free-standing half-timbered houses in Germany. Further exhibitions: highlights of history (including religious art, geology and prehistory), folklore of the expellees after 1946 and the lively exhibition “Black Art - History of the Printing Industry” with functioning machines. In addition to regular special exhibitions, themed tours for all age groups as well as children's hands-on activities, for example colorful “printing that the bars bend”, are offered in the affiliated “printing workshop”.

The concentration camp memorial in Neckarelz in the Clemens-Brentano-Elementary School operates a museum with information on the concentration camp satellite camps and plaster tunnels of the armaments factory "Goldfisch" near Obrigheim.

The Kunstverein Neckar-Odenwald organizes exhibitions in the “Old Slaughterhouse” at regular intervals.

Sports

Soccer

With the game association Neckarelz , which currently plays in the Nordbaden Association League, Mosbach was represented in the Southwest Regional Football League from 2013/13 to 2015/16 .

Other clubs with a focus on football are FV Mosbach (regional league), SV Sattelbach (regional class A), FC Lohrbach (regional league), Türkspor Mosbach (regional league), FV Reichenbuch (regional league), VfK Diedesheim ( regional class A) and FC Mosbach ( District league).

Other sports

Large sports clubs with other sporting focuses are the TV 1846 Mosbach (including gymnastics , handball , cycling ) and the LAZ Mosbach / Elztal (athletics). The latter organizes the Mosbach City Run annually since 2019 in cooperation with VfB 1967 Mosbach-Waldstadt eV at the end of June . Other fun runs in the region are the Odenwälder Herbstlauf - a half marathon - near Mudau, and the Schefflenz Palm Sunday Run.

The volleyball ladies of VfB 1967 Mosbach-Waldstadt eV play in the top league.

The Mosbacher Chess Club 1931 plays in the association league.

The TTC 1950 Nüstenbach is represented with its women's team in the table tennis district league.

The TC Mosbach GWR has its tennis courts on the driveway to Waldstadt.

Rowing is done on the Neckar at the Neptun rowing club .

The steep Neckar slope and the thermals that arise in the afternoon and evening hours offer good conditions for hang-gliders and paragliders . The starting point is near the Schreckhof in the direction of Diedesheim. The Fliegergruppe Mosbach eV is based on the “Schreckhof” glider airfield directly above Mosbach, where gliders and motor gliders fly, and sightseeing flights are also possible. In Nüstenbach there is a small ski slope with a lift and a hut.

The weightlifters of SV Germania Obrigheim compete in the Bundesliga in the immediately neighboring Obrigheim .

Regular events

  • April: Crafts and French markets
  • April, July and October: Meet & Eat at the market
  • May: flower market
  • May: Spring Festival, largest Mosbach city festival (Friday before to Monday after Mother's Day)
  • June: Nature Park Market
  • July: Antique market
  • July to September: Mosbach summer
  • August: herb market
  • September: Kurpfälzer bread market
  • September: International street theater
  • October: Pumpkin Market
  • October: Palatinate harvest festival (2nd Sunday)
  • November: Medieval market and handicrafts
  • November / December: Mosbach Christmas market

Mosbach Colloquium: annual conference of the Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology e. V. (GBM) since 1950.

Mosbach Symposia: The Society for Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry meets every two years .

Economy and Infrastructure

Mosbach station
(Baden) (Oct. 2007)

traffic

Development of the rail network in and around Mosbach

Rail transport and public transport

The city of Mosbach has three train stations, Mosbach-Neckarelz in the Neckarelz district, Mosbach West in the western part of the city and Mosbach (Baden) in the immediate vicinity of the old town.

The station Mosbach-Neckarelz located at the junction of the railway line Neckarelz-Osterburken of the Neckar Valley Railway Heidelberg Eberbach- Bad Friedrichshall and by regional express trains and the Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn served. Line S 1 begins in Osterburken and ends in Homburg , and line S 2 strengthens the section from Mosbach (Baden) station - Eberbach - Heidelberg - Mannheim - Ludwigshafen am Rhein - Neustadt an der Weinstrasse - Kaiserslautern .

The Mannheim Maimarkt site and the SAP arena are approached directly. In the opposite direction to Osterburken , all three stops are served every hour, there is a connection to Würzburg. Despite the only slight change in the timetable due to the introduction of the two S-Bahn lines, a tendency towards the Rhine-Neckar triangle (Heidelberg and Mannheim) and away from the Unterland (Heilbronn) can be seen in the regional center orientation of the Mosbach population .

In 2005 the parliamentary group of the Greens in the state parliament of Baden-Württemberg proposed to close the gap in the Aglasterhausen - Mosbach-Neckarelz railway, which has existed since the end of the Second World War.

The local public transport ( ÖPNV ) also serve several bus routes. This not only connects the individual districts, but also Mosbach with its neighboring towns (for example Buchen, Eberbach, Aglasterhausen and Gundelsheim).

Since December 2014, the Stadtbahn Heilbronn tram line S41 has been running to Mosbach.

As early as the middle of the 19th century, post coaches drove daily from Mosbach to Eberbach, Buchen, Neudenau, Tauberbischofsheim and Würzburg. The drive to the latter took about 12 hours.

Highway

Mosbach does not have a direct motorway connection. The next motorways can be reached via AS Sinsheim and Heilbronn / Neckarsulm, the A 6 (Mannheim - Heilbronn) and via the AS Osterburken, the A 81 (Heilbronn - Würzburg). The federal highways 27 , 37 and 292 run through the urban area .

In fact, the district town has no direct connection to the long-distance transport infrastructure (motorways and IC or ICE) in both private and public transport, but only via feeders with comparatively long travel times. Today, this situation represents a burden for the economic development of Mosbach that cannot be neglected.

Air traffic

The Mosbach-Lohrbach airfield mostly serves non-commercial traffic. At the turn of the millennium, an expansion to a regional airport was under discussion. However, the plans could not be implemented. Another airfield on the Hamberg is used exclusively for gliding .

Bike trails

The following cycle paths lead along the Neckar and through the urban area :

Authorities, courts and institutions

Mosbach is the seat of the district office of the Neckar-Odenwald district. There is also a regional court and a public prosecutor's office , district court , penal institution (branch of the Adelsheim penal institution ), tax office , armed forces (branch of the armed forces service center ) and an employment agency .

The Johannes-Diakonie , a social service company of the Diakonie, is located in Mosbach . It maintains homes, workshops for the disabled, clinics, schools and a vocational training center for people with disabilities at several locations throughout Baden . Johannes-Diakonie employs around 3,000 people at its main location in Mosbach and its branch offices.

In addition, the Mosbach district hospital is located in Mosbach, as part of the Neckar-Odenwald-Kliniken , which is also the academic teaching hospital of Heidelberg University .

Emergency medical care in the Altkreis Mosbach is provided by an ambulance station with an emergency doctor location of the DRK Kreisverband Mosbach e. V. sure. The integrated Mosbach control center for the Neckar-Odenwald district is also located in the ambulance building .

media

The daily newspaper in Mosbach is a local edition of the Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung published in Heidelberg . The SWR maintains a correspondent office in Mosbach .

education

The dual university

In 1980, the Mosbach University of Cooperative Education was founded in Mosbach with 18 students. Today, around 3,600 students are spread over 23 courses in the fields of business and technology. There has been a branch in Bad Mergentheim since 2002 . In 2009, the University of Cooperative Education became the Baden-Württemberg Mosbach Cooperative State University .

Mosbach has two general high schools ( Nicolaus-Kistner-Gymnasium and Auguste-Pattberg-Gymnasium ), a technical high school (Gewerbeschule Mosbach), an economic high school (Ludwig-Erhard-Schule), a nutritional and biotechnological high school (Augusta-Bender-Schule) ), a secondary school ( Pestalozzi-Realschule ), an SBBZ learning (Hardberg-Schule) as well as several primary schools, including two all-day primary schools or primary and technical secondary schools ( Clemens Brentano primary school Neckarelz, primary school Diedesheim, Kurfürstin-Amalia primary school Lohrbach, Lohrtalschule Elementary and Werkrealschule, Müller-Guttenbrunn -Schule Elementary and Werkrealschule, Waldstadt Elementary School, Waldsteige Elementary School, and Wilhelm Stern Elementary School).

The Neckar-Odenwald district is responsible for the three vocational schools Augusta-Bender- School Mosbach, Gewerbeschule Mosbach and Ludwig-Erhard-Schule Mosbach.

The vocational schools for geriatric care and geriatric care assistance of Johannes-Diakonie Mosbach eV, the college for geriatric care, the educational institute for health and nursing care at the Neckar-Odenwald clinics, the children's center and the Johannesberg school and the special vocational (technical) school vocational training center run by Johannes -Diakonie complement the school offer in Mosbach. The district media center Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis with one of its locations in Mosbach provides educational media for all schools and educational institutions. The Volkshochschule Mosbach eV with 16 branch offices offers a comprehensive range of education in the areas of politics - society - environment, culture - design, health, languages, work - occupation as well as basic education - school leaving certificates. The Musikschule Mosbach eV offers comprehensive, continuous music education for children from six months into adulthood.

The ver.di union maintains the Michael-Rott School in Mosbach . It was opened in 1951 as the central trade union school of the Public Services, Transport and Traffic Union (ÖTV) and moved to a new building in the early 1990s. The Neckarelz educational center (rural home folk high school) and the Mosbach educational center, educational institution of the Archdiocese of Freiburg, are church sponsors .

The University of the Police of Baden-Wuerttemberg in Mosbach trains police officers in the field of life-threatening emergency situations through its operational training institute. The facilities for this are provided by the TCRH (Training Center Rescue and Help), which is located in the former Neckartal barracks. The main task of the TCRH is the education and training of authorities and organizations with security tasks (BOS organizations). The sole shareholder of the TCRH is the BRH Bundesverband Rettungshunde eV

Economy and work

The economy is shaped by medium-sized companies and retailers . There is no private company of paramount importance that plays a dominant role. Important employers are the Bundeswehr location Neckarzimmern , the Johannes-Diakonie and the Honeywell company . The many schools, some of which are important for the entire district, also offer a number of jobs. Mosbach is also part of the commuter catchment area of ​​the Audi plant in Neckarsulm . Both as a school and as a shopping town, Mosbach is of great importance for the surrounding rural communities of the Odenwald and the building land. The catchment area partially extends over the entire district. Even if this catchment area - sparsely populated by Baden-Württemberg standards - is larger in terms of area than population, this fact guarantees Mosbach a number of jobs in trade and education. A larger settlement project is the Tech-NO technology and industrial park.

The unemployment rate is stable, close to the Baden-Württemberg average (August 2007: 4.8%).

Resident manufacturing companies

The most prominent representative of classic and heavy industry in Mosbach is likely to be Gmeinder Getriebe- und Maschinenfabrik GmbH. There are also companies such as Hüller Hille GmbH and KWM Karl Weisshaar Ing. GmbH sheet metal processing. With Honeywell GmbH , a major international corporation has a branch in Mosbach. The pharmaceutical wholesaler W. Kapferer KG has a long tradition in the city. Kapferer has been part of the NOWEDA group since 2008 and has 450 jobs in Mosbach. The most important company in the IT industry in Mosbach is MPDV Mikrolab GmbH. Another supraregional company in this area is EGOTEC GmbH.

Industrial history

A Mosbach locomotive in the service of Kampffmeyer Mühlen

In terms of industrial history, there are some companies that were either well-known across the region or - although no longer existent - have left their mark on the cityscape or in street names:

  • Thanks to Ernst Brüche , who founded the South German Laboratories and the Mosbach Physics Laboratory in Mosbach, Mosbach was one of three locations worldwide, along with Berlin and Düsseldorf, where the development of the electron microscope was decisively advanced. All research institutions in this field have now been relocated or closed. In addition, from 1949 to 1970, Brüche published the Physikalische Blätter - the official communication organ of the German Physical Society - through the "Physik Verlag", which was based in Mosbach at that time .
  • The diesel locomotive for the Schlossgartenbahn Karlsruhe was also produced by Gmeinder in Mosbach.
    The private brewery Hübner had to close in 1980. The company premises and residential building (Villa Hübner) are now the culture and conference center around the old malt house .
  • The Gmeinder company produced the DB series V 51 and V 52 in Mosbach . The machine and locomotive factory founded in Mosbach in 1913, which merged with the commercial vehicle manufacturer Kaelble in 1976 , had to file for bankruptcy in 1996 as a result of the Libya embargo. The Gmeinder Lokomotiven- und Maschinenfabrik, which was established after 1996, sold the locomotive division in 2003 in order to concentrate on gear manufacturing, which has meanwhile become a core competence. Due to this sale, the locomotive division was deleted from the name and the company has been operating under the name of Gmeinder Getriebe- und Maschinenfabrik GmbH since then . Gmeinder Lokomotivenfabrik GmbH , founded in 2004, continues to operate the locomotive sector independently to this day. Diesel locomotives are still being built and maintained in Mosbach . The diesel locomotive of the Schlossgartenbahn Karlsruhe, built by Gmeinder in 1955, is in service for the public and is therefore regularly accessible to them .
  • From 1770 to 1836 there was a faience factory in Mosbach , the products of which became known as Mosbach faience .
  • The nuclear power plant in neighboring Obrigheim was also of economic importance to Mosbach as an employer until it was shut down in 2005. The shutdown of the nuclear power plant had a symbolic meaning for the red-green coalition ruling in the federal government at that time .

tourism

The youth hostel is located in the old "Mutschlers Mühle"
Course of the hiking railway or the former Odenwald express

Personalities

literature

  • Arno Huth: Persecution of the Sinti, Roma and Yeniche in the rural areas of the Kraichgau, the Neckar Valley, the Elz Valley and the building land, Mosbach-Neckarelz 2009
  • Erich Keyser (Ed.): Badisches Städtebuch, Volume IV, 2nd part of the German City Book. Urban History Handbook . Keyser, Stuttgart 1959.
  • Ernst and Dorothee Brüche: The Mosbach Book. Study of the development of the old imperial city and residence of the Count Palatine on the edge of the Odenwald into a large district town, with preference given to the Renaissance and Baroque periods . Laub, Elztal-Dallau 1983, ISBN 3-88260-014-4 .
  • Ernst Brüche: Mosbach's great time. From the past of the old imperial city on the Odenwald. Eiermann publishing house, Mosbach 1959.
  • Hans Happes, Stefan Müller: Mosbach - Young old half-timbered town. Sutton Verlag, ISBN 3-89702-791-7 .
  • Franz Sales Meszmer: Historical atlas of the Mosbach region: Odenwald, building land, Badisches Franken. History and Museum Association Mosbach, Mosbach 1989.

Web links

Commons : Mosbach  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Mosbach  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. State Statistical Office Baden-Württemberg - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2018 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by district and municipality. Volume V: Karlsruhe District. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976, ISBN 3-17-002542-2 , pp. 290-295.
  3. Protected geological natural monuments worthy of protection in the administrative district of Karlsruhe: Henschelberg SE Hang, Mosbach (PDF; 5.8 MB)
  4. Protected and worthy of protection geological natural monuments in the administrative district of Karlsruhe: Former Quarry on Mosbach-Sulzbach road, Mosbach (PDF; 5.8 MB)
  5. Protected and worthy of protection geological natural monuments in the administrative district of Karlsruhe: rock face on the Mosbach-Sulzbach road, Mosbach (PDF; 5.8 MB)
  6. ^ State Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation in Baden-Württemberg; Geological natural monuments in the administrative district of Karlsruhe; 19. Tufa formation on B 37 NW Mosbach / Diedesheim (PDF; 5.8 MB)
  7. Marco Lichtenberger: Saurians from the Odenwald JSV, Frankfurt am Main 2007. ISBN 978-3-938973-04-2
  8. Heidelberger Jahrbücher der Literatur p. 183 (1855) writings of the antiquities associations in Wirtenberg and Baden , accessed on May 6, 2012
  9. Hans-Joachim Dohmeier: Why Mosbach is not on the Mosbach . In: Mosbacher Jahresheft 2003 , pp. 10–15.
  10. Brüche 1959, pp. 27–32.
  11. Brüche 1959, p. 32.
  12. ^ Photograph of the burning on the market square. Online at the Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg (PDF; 1.5 MB), p. 29, accessed on May 6, 2012
  13. ^ The Holocaust - From A Distance. A lecture by Julius Held at the College of the Liberal Arts, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
  14. Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, Vol. I, Bonn 1995, p. 61, ISBN 3-89331-208-0
  15. Arno Huth: Persecution of the Sinti, Roma and Yeniche in the rural areas of the Kraichgau, the Neckar Valley, the Elz Valley and the building land, Mosbach-Neckarelz 2009, pp. 59–69
  16. Magdalena Guttenberger, Manuel Werner: "The children of Auschwitz sing so loud". The shattered life of the Sintiza Martha Guttenberger from Ummenwinkel , Norderstedt 2020, pp. 55–91.
  17. ^ "Demonstrative building project of the Federal Ministry for Urban Development and Housing. Mosbach - Waldstadt ". Final report. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag.
  18. Mosbacher Schriften Heft 4: Critical interim assessment of the "old town renovation" in Mosbach , Mosbach 1981
  19. Adolf Frank: Critique of the old town "renovation" in Mosbach since 1981 , Mosbach 1985.
  20. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 477 .
  21. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 484 .
  22. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 485 .
  23. ^ City of Mosbach: population statistics / population figures. Retrieved November 17, 2018 .
  24. ^ History of the Jews in Mosbach
  25. ^ Mosques in Mosbach
  26. s. City of Mosbach: General Statute (PDF) , §3 and §14; accessed June 29, 2019.
  27. ^ State Statistical Office of Baden-Württemberg: Municipal elections 2019, City of Mosbach ; City of Mosbach: municipal council election 2019 ; accessed June 29, 2019.
  28. dtv-Atlas German language. 13th revised edition, May 2001, ISBN 3-423-03025-9 , pp. 230-231.
  29. ^ Salzhaus in the building research / restoration database. State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg
  30. Odenwälder Kartoffelsupp, Echo Newspapers GmbH, Darmstadt 2019, p. 13.
  31. New rails for the south-west - 100 green rail projects for a railway state in Baden-Württemberg ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 20 kB) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bawue.gruene-fraktion.de
  32. Website of the Heilbronn Nord light rail project ( memento of the original from March 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtbahn-nord.hn
  33. a b Jürgen Heß, Herbert Hoffmann, Siegbert Luksch: No. 5: Looking back at 150 years of the Meckesheim railway location: 11: Chronology. (PDF; 568 KiB) November 29, 2013, p. 2 , accessed January 2017 .
  34. Considered soberly: the DHBW Mosbach in numbers ( memento of the original from March 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.dhbw-mosbach.de
  35. http://www.pharmazeutische-zeitung.de/index.php?id=37225
  36. Locomotive number 426
  37. »www.gmeinder.de« ( Memento of the original from February 20, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gmeinder.de
  38. »www.glfg.de« ( Memento of the original dated August 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.glfg.de
  39. Gmeinder & Co. GmbH on the Werkbahn.de page