Poessneck

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Pößneck
Poessneck
Map of Germany, position of the city Pößneck highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 42 '  N , 11 ° 36'  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Saale-Orla district
Height : 220 m above sea level NHN
Area : 24.43 km 2
Residents: 11,842 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 485 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 07381
Area code : 03647
License plate : SOK, LBS, PN, SCZ
Community key : 16 0 75 085
City structure: Core city; 5 districts

City administration address :
Neustädter Strasse 1
07381 Pößneck
Website : www.poessneck.de
Mayor : Michael Modde
Location of the town of Pößneck in the Saale-Orla district
Bad Lobenstein Bodelwitz Dittersdorf Dittersdorf Dittersdorf Döbritz Dreitzsch Eßbach Gefell Geroda Keila Görkwitz Göschitz Gössitz Grobengereuth Hirschberg (Saale) Gertewitz Kirschkau Kospoda Krölpa Langenorla Lausnitz Lemnitz Löhma Miesitz Mittelpöllnitz Moßbach Moxa Neundorf (bei Schleiz) Neustadt an der Orla Neustadt an der Orla Nimritz Oberoppurg Oettersdorf Oppurg Paska Peuschen Plothen Pörmitz Pößneck Quaschwitz Ranis Remptendorf Rosendorf Rosenthal am Rennsteig Saalburg-Ebersdorf Schleiz Schmieritz Schmorda Schöndorf Seisla Solkwitz Tanna Tegau Tömmelsdorf Triptis Volkmannsdorf Weira Wernburg Wilhelmsdorf (Saale) Wurzbach Ziegenrück Thüringenmap
About this picture
Former industrial buildings on the grounds of the State Garden Show
Wilhelminian style house in the city center

Pößneck is the largest city in the Saale-Orla district in the Free State of Thuringia . In state planning, it is classified as a medium-sized center .

geography

Geographical location

Pößneck is located in the Orlasenke , a valley between the Thuringian woodland in the north and the Oberland with the Saale reservoirs in the south. The Kotschau brook flows through the city and flows into the Orla to the northeast of the city. Coming from Neustadt an der Orla , the Orla itself touches the urban area, from there to flow north and flows into the Saale in Orlamünde .

City structure

The districts are Jüdewein (first documented mention: December 1074), Köstitz (1350), Schlettwein (December 1074), Öpitz (September 30, 1381) and Schweinitz (December 1074).

Neighboring communities

Directly adjacent communities are Bodelwitz , Döbritz , Krölpa , Langenorla , Oppurg , Ranis and Wernburg .

history

Pößneck was first mentioned in 1252 in a Saalfeld monastery document . It was first referred to as a city in 1324. In that year Pößneck was given as a fiefdom to the Count of Schwarzburg by Friedrich , the Wettin Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meißen . Before 1348 a Carmelite monastery was founded. In 1424 Pößneck fell back to the Wettin family. An extensive collection of judges' rulings was created by town clerks in 1474, allowing insights into the judicial practice and jurisdiction of the Wettins in the 15th century. In 1485 Pößneck was added to the Ernestine line when the Leipzig division of the Wettin lands . In 1525 the citizens took part in the Peasants' War . Since 1572 the city belonged to Saxe-Coburg , from 1640 to Saxe-Altenburg , from 1672 to Saxe-Gotha and from 1682 to Saxe-Saalfeld . In 1826 Pößneck came to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen , where it remained until the state of Thuringia was founded on May 1, 1920.

Between 1795 and 1823, Goethe stopped in Pößneck 18 times on his travels to the Bohemian baths of Karlsbad and Marienbad .

After the tanning trade, which was already important in the Middle Ages, textile manufacture was the economic basis of the city. In the plague year of 1625, all 60 master clothiers died, an enormous economic damage, in addition to the destruction and oppression of the Thirty Years' War . The subsequent master cloth makers adhered to the traditional craft regulations and weaving techniques until the French occupation. To promote textile production, the government approved a wool market in Pößneck in 1818. Two young Pößneck master weavers, Zoeth and Elsholz, had got to know the most modern looms and processes during their years of traveling in Großenhain, Saxony, and in 1825 began to use improved looms in their workshops. The indignation of the other weavers was enormous and ended in an act of violence with machine storming , and there was fear of a weavers' revolt . One of the main problems faced by the weaving trade in Pößneck was the local sales of its goods due to the small states, and protective tariffs prevented sales markets in northern Germany and overseas. With the establishment of the German Customs Association, the Pößneck textile merchants Mittelhäuser and Schmidt took over the export of Pößneck textile goods, the main sales areas were Switzerland, Austria-Hungary and the Scandinavian countries. The Pößnecker weavers specialized in the production of high-quality flannel cloth , dyed and printed fabrics followed according to the production volume. Textile printing was effectively snatched from the city's dyer's guilds in 1734 by a sovereign permit for a private cloth dyeing factory; the guild masters protested and sued in vain. From 1862 the industrial boom began in Pößneck with the introduction of the freedom of trade . The once powerful cloth makers' guild was dissolved in 1863. Cloth makers and tanners founded factories and introduced steam engines, mostly financed on credit, as a modern driving force. Pößneck soon developed into the most important industrial city in the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen. In the war year 1871 14 large textile factories were counted in Pößneck, the job offers doubled the city population and a building boom in the suburbs. This development was additionally supported by the construction of the railway lines by the city in 1871 ( Gera - Saalfeld line ) and 1889 ( Pößneck – Orlamünde (-Jena) line ). The immense economic upswing also led to considerable environmental problems (see also: Orla and Kotschau water pollution during industrialization ).

In 1891 the founding congress of the German Textile Workers' Union took place in Pößneck. The heyday of the Pößneck textile factories only came to an end with the mass distribution of cotton textiles, which were offered more cheaply. In 1924 the Pößneck textile workers struck around the eight-hour day.

The origin of the Pößnecker porcelain factory goes back to a wealthy court official Conta, he had tablets and figurative decorative porcelain produced as luxury goods and set high standards for the quality of the goods. Conta's factory grew rapidly and in its heyday had 400 employees. In the middle of the 19th century, toy manufacturers in Saxony-Meiningen were also supplied with miniature porcelain and dolls' heads. In 1853 the Eberleinsche Porzellanmanufaktur appeared for the first time; the manufactory that emerged from a workshop specialized in vases and dolls heads. Both porcelain factories needed cardboard boxes and wooden packing boxes as well as wood wool, which is why corresponding suppliers were established.

The well-known confectionery manufacturer Berggold goes back to a company founded by the Pößneck confectionary dealer Robert Berger, which initially produced sugar confectionery and sweets. The main sales of the company were achieved with cocoa and chocolate, with the production of lemon peel and orange peel , the company was able to open another production line as early as the 19th century. In 1888 it became purveyor to the court of the ducal house of Saxony-Meiningen.

During the Second World War , foreign workers from the occupied countries were housed in REIMAHG's L forced labor camp near Schweinitz on the Orlatalhang, who had to do forced labor in Kahla and on the Kamsdorf - Koenitzer Erzfeld for arms production. In addition, 127 forced laborers worked at Bergner & Weißer, Maihak and Schroth. The memorial cemetery on Rudolf-Diesel-Strasse (a Nazi victim among Jehovah's Witnesses ) commemorates 33 victims of forced labor from the Soviet Union and eleven concentration camp prisoners from Buchenwald who were murdered by SS men on the death march in April 1945 were. At the confluence of Jenaer Strasse and Neustädter Strasse, a death march memorial stone erected in 1985 commemorates all 67 victims from the Pößneck area. Another memorial stone in the upper cemetery was erected for five perished military internees from Italy .

From April 8-10, 1945, Pößneck was the target of US air strikes ( USAAF ), in which 58 people died.

Vogel-Verlag, which was founded in Pößneck in 1891, with its large printing plant was nationalized after the Second World War and became part of the SED. As the VOB Grafischer Großbetrieb Karl-Marx-Werk, the company became the largest book manufacturer in the GDR. The printing of school and textbooks, but also of political propaganda literature, made up a major part of the production spectrum.

In 1952, Pößneck became the district town of the newly founded Pößneck district and remained so until it was incorporated into the newly formed Saale-Orla district in 1994. In 1958, a more recent Bronze Age deposit with three bronze cups came to light in the Schlettwein district , but the prehistoric one was not discovered until 1964 Find recognized by G. Möbius.

On the evening of October 22, 1969, over 200 young people gathered on the Pößneck market square to demonstrate against the police action ordered by the SED district leadership, in which long-haired young people had previously been picked up in several places in the Pößneck district and then forced to have their hair too long had been taken to hairdressers. As a result, there were violent discussions among the population with SED functionaries, as the civil rights listed in Article 19 of the GDR constitution were seen to have been violated.

On September 16, 1979, the Strelzyk and Wetzel families from Pößneck fled with a self-made hot air balloon over the inner German border at night , see balloon escape .

In 1983, parts of the outdoor shots of the famous GDR children's film Moritz were shot in the advertising pillar in the city . In 2000, Pößneck was the venue for the first Thuringian State Garden Show . In that year the Jena and Pößneck public utilities merged to form the Jena-Pößneck energy utility .

In the recent past, Pößneck made headlines again and again through right-wing extremist activities in the city. In 2003, right-wing extremist Jürgen Rieger bought the Schützenhaus in Pößneck for 360,000 euros on behalf of the Wilhelm Tietjen Foundation in order to set up a conference venue there. In April 2005 the state party conference of the NPD took place in Pößneck. Michael Regener , singer of the neo-Nazi band Landser , gave his farewell concert there before serving a prison sentence of several years. The right-wing extremist Sascha Jörg Schüler lived in Pößneck for a few months in 2005. The right-wing extremist activities led to protests in the population. Due to the resistance and the clarification of an action alliance, the city finally decided to buy back the rifle house. This purchase was confirmed by the city council on June 16, 2011 for 180,000 euros. The rifle house was transferred to the municipal subsidiary Stadtmarketing Pößneck GmbH in 2012. It should be renovated by the end of 2016 and then be available again as an event property. It was finally opened in February 2017 and has been available as an event center ever since.

On September 23, 2008 the city received the title Place of Diversity awarded by the federal government .

The new Pößnecker Stadtbad was opened in October 2013. The main building of the state high school "Am Weißen Turm" will resume operations in 2014 after several years of renovation. In June 2015, Pößneck is the organizer of the Thuringian Day. 123,000 people celebrated three days in the city under the motto “Many sides: Pößneck”. In the same year the new "Museum642 - Pößneck City History" opened, which in 2017 received the Thuringian Monument Protection Prize. From June to September 2018, the Thuringia-wide exhibition "Industrial Culture Experience - Innovative Thuringia since 1800" will take place in the Pößnecker Shedhalle, in which more than 500 objects could be admired.

Incorporations

In 1892 (Jüdewein), 1919 (Köstitz), 1923 (Schlettwein), 1945 (Öpitz) and 1965 (Schweinitz) were incorporated.

Population development

Development of the population (from 1960 December 31) :

1833 to 1984

  • 1833: 3.424
  • 1925: 14.625
  • 1946: 20,247 1
  • 1950: 20.196 2
  • 1960: 19,587
  • 1981: 18,442
  • 1984: 18.045

1994 to 1999

  • 1994: 15,697
  • 1995: 15.381
  • 1996: 15.149
  • 1997: 14.854
  • 1998: 14,746
  • 1999: 14,565

2000 to 2005

  • 2000: 14,341
  • 2001: 14,135
  • 2002: 13,954
  • 2003: 13,790
  • 2004: 13,673
  • 2005: 13,446

2006 to 2011

  • 2006: 13,344
  • 2007: 13,217
  • 2008: 13,080
  • 2009: 12,972
  • 2010: 12,882
  • 2011: 12,351

2012 to 2017

  • 2012: 12,272
  • 2013: 12,214
  • 2014: 12,072
  • 2015: 12,148
  • 2016: 12,117
  • 2017: 11,981

from 2018

  • 2018: 11,924
Data source from 1994: Thuringian State Office for Statistics

1 October 29th
2 August 31st

politics

City Councilor and Mayor

The town council of Pößneck consists of 24 members and the mayor. The local elections on May 26, 2019 led to the following result with a turnout of 54.0%:

Party / list Seats Share of votes
Free Democratic Party / Free Voters (FDP / FW) 8th 32.2%
Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) 4th 14.7%
Alternative for Germany 3 13.6%
Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) 2 09.6%
Citizens' Initiative for Law and Security Orla e. V. (BIRSO) / UBV 2 09.1%
The left 2 08.7%
Volunteer Fire Brigade Pößneck 1858 e. V. (FFP 1858 e.V.) 1 05.4%
Alliance 90 / The Greens 1 04.8%
Social Initiative Pößneck (SIP) 1 01.8%

Mayor is Michael Modde (FDP / Free Voters). He was elected on April 15, 2018 in the first ballot with a turnout of 39.1% with 91.4% of the valid votes.

coat of arms

Blazon : "In blue a red crowned golden lion with a red tongue and armor."

Pößneck has had the Schwarzburg lion in his coat of arms since on July 13, 1324, Margrave Friedrich II the Serious of Meissen enfeoffed Count Heinrich von Schwarzburg and his son Günther with Peznik, Stat and Hus .

Town twinning

Market with fountain and town church

Culture and sights

Buildings

Gottesackerkirche
Schillerbank
Bank in memory of Gustav Ortleb

The Pößneck town hall is one of the most beautiful late Gothic town halls in Thuringia with its covered staircase in the style of the early Renaissance . It was built between 1478 and 1499. It was finally completed in 1531 with the construction of the outside staircase. Today the town hall building is the seat of the mayor, the registry office and the culture department of the city administration.

Other buildings and monuments worth seeing are:

  • Marketplace with market fountain
  • Gothic town church St. Bartholomäus (end of the 14th century until 1454/1488)
  • Parts of the former city fortifications with the White Tower (observation tower) and bell tower
  • Gottesackerkirche
  • the crematorium built in 1906 on the site of the city cemetery
  • numerous manufacturers' villas, built between around 1850 and 1930
  • restored industrial buildings with a shed hall on the grounds of the state horticultural show
  • Bilke (storage cellar)
  • Goose thief well
  • Museum642 (Klosterplatz 2–4) with city information (opened on November 28, 2015) with the remains of a medieval residential tower built in the building from the 13th and 14th centuries. Century (at Klosterplatz 2).
  • Buildings by the architect Heinrich Tessenow : Settlement Am Gries / Karl-Liebknecht-Straße; Am Gruneberg settlement; Neustädter Strasse / Saalbahnstrasse settlement

South of Pößneck and east of Altenburg are two benches built by the Pößneck Beautification Association in a small piece of forest:

"To the memory of Schiller on May 9, 1905" and "Dedicated in gratitude to his long-standing, well-deserved chairman, Rector Gustav Ortleb, by the Pössneck Beautification Association 1919"

Sports

The most successful club in the city is the football club VfB Pößneck , which from the 2002/03 season played for 8 years in the Northeast Football League (South Season) , but then in the sixth class Thuringian league, and in the following season 2010/11 in the seventh class national class and in the 2011/12 season had to accept the next relegation to the regional league. Other sports clubs are TSV 1858 Pößneck and SV Fortuna Pößneck, which have several departments with different sports, as well as the diving club TC submarin Pößneck eV. On April 12, 2017, the three sports clubs TSV 1858 Pößneck eV, SV Fortuna Pößneck and SV Empor Pößneck merged 1. SV Pößneck eV

Others

Pößneck was the organizer of the 15th Thuringian Day from 26.-28. June 2015 under the motto “Many sides: Pößneck!”. The highlight was a large parade on June 28, 2015. Jan Josef Liefers and Chris de Burgh were the stars at the big Saturday evening concert in Lutschgenpark on June 27, 2015.

The Central German Book Fair took place in Pößneck for several years. It was organized by the Pößneck attraktiver eV association and took place for the last time from June 3 to 6, 2016 in the Shedhalle on the cattle market. In the run-up to the fair, amateur authors were able to take part in a writing competition. The fair was mainly aimed at self-publishers or small and medium-sized publishers.

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

Pößneck is an important location for book production. Before the fall of the Wall, the large graphic company produced the majority of the books produced in the GDR, today the company GGP Media , a subsidiary of the Bertelsmann Group, is present and has repeatedly made large investments since the 1990s. With around 1100 employees, the company was one of the 25 largest in Thuringia in 2011. There is also the Berggold / Heinerle company , which has been producing pralines and confectionery since 1876, and the medium-sized rose brewery Pößneck .

The two Pößneck industrial areas in Pößneck Ost and in Tümpfel are almost completely occupied and offer a large cross-section of different branches of industry and trades. The medium-sized companies are active in the following industries, among others:

  • Automotive supplier
  • Electrical industry
  • Pharmaceutical industry
  • Foil production
  • Plastics processing
  • Metal processing
  • Production of surgical needles
  • Toner recycling

Before the collapse of the GDR (so-called Wende), Pößneck was an important location for the production of rolling bearings with the VEB Rotasym. After the company had been equipped with the latest machines in 1988 just before the fall of the Wall, it was taken over in 1991 by FAG-Kugelfischer from Schweinfurt for a fraction of its value. The plant was finally closed, the machines relocated to Schweinfurt and 1,000 employees were laid off.

Public facilities

The city is the seat of the district court Pößneck , which belongs to the district of the district court Gera .

Thuringia clinics in Pößneck

The Thuringia clinics with the neighboring district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt as the sponsor have three locations, in addition to Pößneck are the Saalfeld and Rudolstadt.

education

There are several educational institutions in the town of Pößneck.

traffic

Pößneck is on the railway lines Gera Hbf - Weida - Pößneck upper station - Saalfeld (Saale) and Jena - Orlamünde - Pößneck lower station .

The place is on the B 281 (Saalfeld - Gera) as well as the state roads to Jena and Bad Lobenstein . The A 4 (near Jena) and the A 9 (near Triptis ) pass nearby.

With the lines 944, 964, 965, 966, 968, 969, 971, 972 and the lines A, B and C of the service Stadt Pössneck mobil of the transport company KomBus , Pößneck has connections to the cities of Saalfeld (Saale) , Neustadt an der Orla , Kahla , Jena , Ranis , Ziegenrück and Schleiz . The city also has its own city bus network with the Stadt Pössneck mobile service .

Personalities

literature

  • Eva Aymans: Industrial culture in Pößneck. Living worlds in the 19th and 20th centuries. City of Pößneck, Pößneck 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-035292-8 .
  • Gerd Henniger (Red.): Porcelain, flannel & leather. On the history of the commercial and industrial development of the Thuringian town of Pößneck. 1800-1862. Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation, Erfurt 2001, ISBN 3-9807744-0-6 .
  • Ernst Koch: Contributions to the documented history of the town of Pößneck. Issue 1–4. Citizens' School Pößneck, Pößneck 1896–1900.
  • Eduard Langguth: Walks through the town of Pößneck and its immediate surroundings. An aid in home studies lessons. Self-published, Pößneck 1873, (including 4 folding boards and a city map).
  • Editorial office of the Pößnecker Zeitung (ed.): History of the city of Pößneck. Introduction: Friedrich Hermann Hausotter. 2 volumes. Gerold, Pößneck 1902.
  • Pößnecker Heimatblätter. (from 1995), ISSN  2198-6711 .
  • Hermann Müller: Pößnecker Heimatbuch , edited and greatly increased by G. Helzel.

Web links

Commons : Pößneck  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ^ Wolfgang Kahl : First mention of Thuringian towns and villages. A manual. 5th, improved and considerably enlarged edition. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2010, ISBN 978-3-86777-202-0 , pp. 135, 151, 250, 213, 259.
  3. Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 226 f.
  4. ^ Günter Sagan: East Thuringia in the bombing war 1939-1945. Michael Imhof, Petersberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-86568-636-7 , p. 187.
  5. Michael Köhler: Pagan sanctuaries. Pre-Christian places of worship and suspected cult sites in Thuringia. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-910141-85-8 , p. 231.
  6. ^ Hans Walter Enkelmann: Die Haarschneideaktion 1969 (= Thuringia. Blätter zur Landeskunde. 10, ZDB -ID 1316491-0 ). State Center for Political Education Thuringia, Erfurt 2000, p. 8.
  7. Marius Koity: City Council approves Pößneck clubhouse repurchase unanimously. In: Ostthüringer Zeitung , June 17, 2011.
  8. Information on the shooting range. Schützenhaus Pößneck, accessed on January 21, 2016 .
  9. ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics, municipal council election 2019 in Thuringia - final result for Pößneck
  10. Hartmut Ulle: New Thuringian Wappenbuch. Volume 2: Ilmkreis, Jena, Kyffhäuserkreis, Saale-Orla-Kreis, Saalfeld-Rudolstadt (district), Schmalkalden-Meiningen (district), Suhl. 2nd, changed, revised edition. Working group Genealogy Thuringia, Erfurt 1997, ISBN 3-9804487-2-X , p. 42.
  11. The villas dealt with in detail in: Eva Aymans: Industriekultur in Pößneck. Living worlds in the 19th and 20th centuries. City of Pößneck, Pößneck 2011, ISBN 978-3-00-035292-8 .
  12. Museum642 officially opened. City of Pößneck, accessed on January 21, 2016 .
  13. Theme route Modern Architecture - Heinrich Tessenow in Pößneck (accessed on January 4, 2020)
  14. Thuringia Day Review. City of Pößneck, accessed on January 21, 2016 .
  15. [ https://web.archive.org/web/20141208190221/https://www.helaba.de/de/DieHelaba/MaerkteUndAnalysen/ResearchUndVolkswirtschaft/Hessen-Thueringen/Downloads/20110913-groesstenThueringen.pdf The 100 largest companies in Thuringia. ] (PDF) Helaba Economics / Research, archived from the original on December 8, 2014 ; accessed on August 25, 2020 .
  16. Rotasym - a piece of Pößneck industrial history. Archived from the original on December 22, 2012 ; accessed on August 25, 2020 .
  17. Table of contents PDF