Ranis

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Ranis
Ranis
Map of Germany, position of the city of Ranis highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 40 ′  N , 11 ° 34 ′  E

Basic data
State : Thuringia
County : Saale-Orla district
Management Community : Ranis-Ziegenrück
Height : 380 m above sea level NHN
Area : 10.57 km 2
Residents: 1678 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 159 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 07389
Area code : 03647
License plate : SOK, LBS, PN, SCZ
Community key : 16 0 75 088
City structure: 4 districts

City administration address : 		Pößnecker Str. 49
07389 Ranis
Website : www.stadt-ranis.de
Mayor : Andreas Gliesing (CM / GEV)
Location of the city of Ranis in the Saale-Orla district
Bad Lobenstein Bodelwitz Dittersdorf Dittersdorf Dittersdorf Döbritz Dreitzsch Eßbach Gefell Geroda Keila Görkwitz Göschitz Gössitz Grobengereuth Hirschberg (Saale) Gertewitz Kirschkau Kospoda Krölpa Langenorla Lausnitz Lemnitz Löhma Miesitz Mittelpöllnitz Moßbach Moxa Neundorf (bei Schleiz) Neustadt an der Orla Neustadt an der Orla Nimritz Oberoppurg Oettersdorf Oppurg Paska Peuschen Plothen Pörmitz Pößneck Quaschwitz Ranis Remptendorf Rosendorf Rosenthal am Rennsteig Saalburg-Ebersdorf Schleiz Schmieritz Schmorda Schöndorf Seisla Solkwitz Tanna Tegau Tömmelsdorf Triptis Volkmannsdorf Weira Wernburg Wilhelmsdorf (Saale) Wurzbach Ziegenrück Thüringenmap
About this picture

Ranis is a country town in the Saale-Orla district in Thuringia .

geography

location

Ranis is located on the southern edge of the Orlasenke between the Thuringian woodland in the north and the Oberland with the Hohenwarte reservoir in the south at an altitude of 380 m. It is crossed by Schröter stream that rises above the south of the city and the city area and then partially verdolt runs along the former walls. It later flows into the Fischbach, which runs a little further to the west and flows into the Kotschau .

Neighboring communities

Adjacent communities are Pößneck , Wernburg , Schmorda , Seisla and Krölpa in a clockwise direction .

Districts

The city consists of the districts Ranis, Brandenstein , Ludwigshof and Heroldshof .

Brandenstein

The Brandenstein district is located about one kilometer north of the main town. On the road to Brandenstein Castle, first mentioned in a document in 1298 and later converted into a castle , new farms were built at the end of the 1940s . Further houses were built there later.

Ludwigshof

The former Ludwigshof manor is located at the junction of the road to Wernburg . This was established from 1838 to 1843 by Ludwig Franz v. Breitenbuch built on the remains of the village of Ruppitz, which was probably lost in the Thirty Years' War , and until 1945 by the family v. Breitenbuch farms. After 1945 it became a state-owned estate (VEG) with an agricultural school and later the seat of LPG Ranis for a few years . During this time, several residential buildings were built for the employees there. Since 1990 it has been the seat of the Ludwigshof agricultural cooperative with the Ludwigshof stud. Horse tournaments are held there every year.

Heroldshof

Heroldshof is on the road from Ranis to Wilhelmsdorf and was also an estate. After the Second World War it was demolished and the land was made available to resettlers and new farmers. Today there are some residential buildings and part of the agricultural cooperative.

View over Ranis from the city meadow

history

The place Ranis was first mentioned in a document in 1167/80. The first mention of the town charter can be found in a document dated September 30, 1381. It is unclear what the word Ranis can be traced back to. It could come from the Slavic word "[G] ranzia", ​​which means something like "border" and possibly refers to a Sorbian border fortress. It is also conceivable that the name goes back to the personal name Ranišj ("seat of a Sorb named Hraniš").

There is also the hypothesis that the name comes from the horse breeding of the Toringers (5th century AD) and with the suffix -is the word stood for “stallion pasture”. Numerous finds of horse graves, riding equipment and horse bones speak for this assumption.

Memorial stone for the first mention of the town charter in 1381

The windmill, whose tower is still visible today, was built in 1844.

During the Nazi era, 91 women and men were victims of forced sterilization in the district hospital between 1937 and 1945 .

prehistory

In addition to the Ilsen cave, there are other prehistoric testimonies of the settlement of today's urban area. According to Köhler, this is due to the special location of the castle hill. This place was most likely a fortified central place of the Orlagau in Celtic times . The largest flat burial ground from the Latène period in central Germany is located on the Preißnitzberg . In terms of size, it is only comparable to sites in southwest Germany. The first of the 150 or so burials were discovered in 1822 during the construction of the rifle house, others followed in the course of the 19th century. North of the road to Wöhlsdorf was the old place of execution by Ranis, which is still called Galgenberg today. Rich finds from the Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age were recovered there. The still detectable wild catch pits were created in the La Tène period. One kilometer northwest of Ranis is the Herthahöhle with two cultural layers. In the diluvial lower layer, bone remains from Ice Age animals and stone tools from the Paleolithic were recovered. The upper layer of culture contained the legacies of human life from the Bell Beaker Culture , the Younger Bronze Age and the Middle Ages . The Teufelskanzel is located 200 meters north of the cave on a steep slope in a Zechstein reef .

Old town

The old town below the castle was surrounded by a city wall. Coming from the castle, this ran along Lindenstrasse to Gartenstrasse and the Torteich, from there to Würzgärtl , where it again joined the castle. Parts of the wall have been preserved on the mountain and in the backyards and buildings on Gartenstrasse.

Lithograph (1839): Ranis with city fortifications

The city wall was 2,172 feet in total length , 20 feet high, and 5 to 6 feet thick. On the southern side were two conical round towers with triangular arrow slits. There was a ditch with a wall in front of the wall. Parts of the wall can still be seen in the area of ​​Lindenstrasse in the form of an embankment.

The upper city gate was at the upper end of August-Bebel-Strasse. In 1843 it was described as follows: The Thorhaus is a one-story, meager little building, which leans on the morning side against the city wall, on the outer side of which a shed is built to store the well tubes. In the same year it was demolished. By 1845 a residential building was built on the demolition site, today's senior citizen center Zu den Linden . At the other end of August-Bebel-Strasse was the lower gate until around 1850. There was also the now covered cake pond. A path between the old town and the castle with an underpass under the castle wall has been preserved and is still accessible. In the area of ​​the angle there should have been a gate.

Within the city wall are the old market, the old town hall and the Protestant town church of St. Margarethen . This part of Ranis is a listed building.

schools

The first Ranis school was located near the Protestant town church in August-Bebel-Straße 19, which was built in 1819/20. The building partially extends into the mountain, so it was relatively damp and dark in the school. Because the number of children in Ranis was growing steadily at the time, a new school was built on Pößnecker Straße in 1839/40, initially with two floors. In 1875 a third floor was added. The first to fourth grades were taught from autumn 1962 to April 1982 in today's Schützenhaus and in the town hall, briefly also in the old town hall on Rathausstrasse, on the Preißnitzberg, in the children's home and in the old outpatient clinic.

In 1982 the new school building in Lindenstrasse was inaugurated. Today it houses the primary and mainstream school.

administration

Ranis Castle was the center of the Ranis rule. In 1574 it was included in the Arnshaugk office in the Electorate of Saxony . After the Congress of Vienna , the western part of the Neustädter Kreis was awarded to Prussia . Ranis was the county seat of newly formed on 15 June 1816 and after the Second World War resolved district Ziegenrück . After the Second World War, the city was assigned to the Saalfeld district on October 1, 1945 . With the administrative reform in 1952 , it came to the newly founded Pößneck district , which was merged into the Saale-Orla district with the 1994 district reform . Before March 9, 1995 Ranis was the seat of the administrative community Ranis-Oberland .

Population development

Data source from 1994: Thuringian State Office for Statistics.

historical

  • 1779: 290 1
  • 1831: 928
  • 1875: 1.716
  • 1885: 1,888
  • 1925: 1.955
  • 1933: 2.232
  • 1939: 2,359

1990 to 1999

  • 1990:
  • 1991:
  • 1992:
  • 1993:
  • 1994: 1,972
  • 1995: 1,981
  • 1996: 1,960
  • 1997: 2.060
  • 1998: 2,060
  • 1999: 2,052

2000 to 2009

  • 2000: 2.025
  • 2001: 2.034
  • 2002: 2,027
  • 2003: 2.017
  • 2004: 1,982
  • 2005: 1.965
  • 2006: 1.919
  • 2007: 1,884
  • 2008: 1,866
  • 2009: 1,824

2010 to 2019

  • 2010: 1,812
  • 2011: 1,744
  • 2012: 1,725
  • 2013: 1,707
  • 2014: 1,690
  • 2015: 1,709
  • 2016: 1,720
  • 2017: 1,699
  • 2018: 1,708
  • 2019: 1.716

2020 to 2029

  • 2020:

1 over 10 years

politics

Ranis is the seat of the administrative association Ranis-Ziegenrück .

City council

The Ranis city council consists of twelve people elected in the city council election and the separately elected mayor. The city council election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following distribution of seats:

City council election 2019
Turnout: 64.3%
 %
70
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
60.0%
19.0%
15.3%
5.7%
GEV
Parties and lists Share of votes Seats
FWG Free voters Ranis 60.0% 7th
CDU Christian Democratic Union 19.0% 2
GEV Trade association 15.3% 2
Green Alliance 90 / The Greens 5.7% 1
total 100% 12
Turnout: 64.3%

Coats of arms, flags, official seals

Blazon : “The city coat of arms shows a lion rising to the right. The coat of arms has a gold background. The lion is black with a red tongue and red claws. The mane is partly blue. "

The lion is the heraldic animal of the Margraves of Meissen, who can be traced back to the early 15th century as the owner of the castle and town of Ranis. The pentagonal SIGILLVM CIVITATIS RANIS from this period contains the same shield.

"The city has its own flag, which consists of two vertical stripes in black and gold. The heraldic animal [...] is shown in the middle.

The city has an official seal, which contains the city coat of arms in the upper half arch with the inscription "Thuringia" and in the lower half arch "Stadt Ranis". "

Town twinning

Since June 22, 1991, there has been a partnership with Rudersberg in Baden-Württemberg .

Culture and sights

Ranis Castle above the city

Castle, museum, exhibitions

The city's landmark is Ranis Castle , which rises on a rock above the old town. At the castle there is a newly designed (2018) large museum with permanent exhibitions on the following topics: geology of the Orlatales, ice age finds of the Orlasenke, castle history, seismology. The keep is accessible. The archaeological site of the Ilsenhöhle below the castle is of national importance. Brandenstein Castle is about a kilometer to the north . The Thuringia Species Protection Center is located on the Preisnitzberg with an exhibition on the flora and fauna of Thuringia.

Churches

Evangelical town church "St. Margarethen" in Ranis

Another building worth seeing is the Protestant town church St. Margarethen in Kirchgasse. The oldest parts of the church date from around 1400. Particularly worth seeing are the barrel vault , the tracery windows in the choir, the altar, the pulpit and the Schulze organ built in Paulinzella . The church is not only a place of worship, but also a national concert church because of its good acoustics. There is also the Church of St. Elisabeth. It was built between 1865 and 67 as the first Catholic church in the region since the Reformation . The altar from 1867 is made of Saalburg marble . The Marienglocke from 1866 was cast in the H. Sorge bell foundry in Erfurt and weighs 199 kg. In 1868 the organ of the organ building company E. Petersilie zu Langensalza was installed. In 1957, the window in the sanctuary "The were St. Elisabeth ( The rose wonder )" by Georg Nawroth, Görlitz designed. After a storm tore the tower out of the roof on August 14, 1971, the church tower was renewed in 1972.

Regular events

The Thuringian Literature and Author Days take place once a year at the castle. Every year there are events of the traditional Raniser knight carnival and the Zudelsdorf fair . The Winkelfest and the Altmarktfest take place every year.

additional

Catholic Church of St. Elisabeth in Ranis

In Ranis there is a nature school as well as an environmental education and meeting place for the Thuringia species protection group. In October 2008, the first bison open-air enclosure in Thuringia was opened in the valley between Ranis and Brandenstein .

Ranis belongs to the Thuringian Porcelain Route through the Schneider glass and porcelain painting company .

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

The place has road connections to all neighboring communities. In Krölpa and Pößneck there is access to the B 281 (Saalfeld-Gera). The A 4 (near Jena) and the A 9 (near Triptis ) pass nearby.

The Krölpa-Ranis stop (in Krölpa) is on the Leipzig – Probstzella railway line .

education

Ranis has a primary and regular school as well as a kindergarten.

Personalities

literature

  • Bernd Wiefel: On the socio-economic potencies of the lower nobility in the Ranis reign. In: Rudolstädter Heimathefte. Vol. 52, Issue 9/10, 2006, ISSN  0485-5884 , pp. 271-274.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics  ( help on this ).
  2. ^ Otto Dobencker : Regesta diplomatica necnon epistolaria historiae Thuringiae. Volume 2, Part 1: (1152-1210). Fischer, Jena 1898.
  3. ↑ Thuringian State Archives Rudolstadt, Sondershäuser Documents, 1381 Sept. 30, Reg. 1027.
  4. ↑ a b Alexander Blöthner: Legendary walks in the Saale-Orla district . tape 4 : Lower orlas cavity with Ranis, Pößneck, Oppurg and surroundings. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2016, ISBN 978-3-7392-2749-8 , pp. 29-30 .
  5. ↑ Werner Dietzel: Mills between the upper Saale and Thuringian basin. Water wheels and turbines in mills, hammer mills and smelters in the Saale catchment area as well as windmills on the surrounding plateaus. Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza, 2012, ISBN 978-3-86777-453-6 , p. 167.
  6. ↑ Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945. Volume 8: Thuringia. VAS - Verlag für Akademische Schriften, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-88864-343-0 , p. 227.
  7. ↑ Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 204.
  8. ↑ Monument protection statement of March 11, 2008 (PDF; 243 kB)
  9. ↑ Michael Köhler: Pagan sanctuaries. Pre-Christian places of worship and suspected cult sites in Thuringia. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-910141-85-8 , p. 135.
  10. ↑ Michael Köhler: Pagan sanctuaries. Pre-Christian places of worship and suspected cult sites in Thuringia. Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2007, ISBN 978-3-910141-85-8 , pp. 178-179.
  11. ^ Wilhelm Adler, estate, 1843.
  12. ↑ Archive of the city of Ranis, D 15, Acts concerning the sale of the upper gate together with the shepherd's house and pipe house here, 1843.
  13. ↑ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth description of the electoral and ducal Saxon lands. Volume 2. 2, completely reworked edition. Barth, Leipzig 1790, p. 502 .
  14. ^ Meyers Konversations-Lexikon : Meyers Konversations-Lexikon 3rd edition (1874–1878 / 1884)
  15. ^ A b c Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. District of Ziegenrück. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  16. ↑ Kaffee Hag : Wappensammlung German local coats of arms of Kaffee-Hag, Bremen 1925
  17. ^ Thuringian State Office for Statistics: City Council Election 2019 - City of Ranis
  18. ↑ a b main statute of the city of Ranis .
  19. ↑ Hartmut Ulle: New Thuringian Wappenbuch. Volume 2: Ilmkreis, Jena, Kyffhäuserkreis, Saale-Orla-Kreis, Saalfeld-Rudolstadt (district), Schmalkalden-Meiningen (district), Suhl. 2nd, changed, revised edition. Working group Genealogy Thuringia, Erfurt 1997, ISBN 3-9804487-2-X , p. 42.

Web links

Commons : Ranis  - collection of images, videos and audio files