Saalburg marble
Saalburg marble is a collective term for a group of Thuringian-Vogtland natural stone . In the petrographic sense, most of them are not marbles , but Devonian limestones from the area in and around the municipality of Saalburg-Ebersdorf and the district of Greiz in Thuringia. Individual rock deposits have been known since 1743, the technical extraction and processing of natural stones in the Saalburg region began in 1886. These stones are available in different colors. The natural stone was used in numerous buildings around the world.
history
Saalburg marble works
In 1740, "marble" in the area around Saalburg was first mentioned by Johann Gottfried Büchner (1695–1749), when he noted the occurrence of polishable limestone in the regions around Schleiz and Burgk . The work of the sculptor Johann Gottlieb Herget, who made 7 table tops from “local marble” for Burgk Castle, was recorded in writing and thus the oldest proof of application to date .
In 1886 the building contractor Magnus Rödel and the builder Christian Heidecke leased the Franzenberg slate quarry near Grumbach . Heidecke became aware of the limestone quarry on the so-called Schafbrücke below the Bärenmühle near Wurzbach and leased it on January 1, 1887. Both bought the so-called Herrenmühle in 1888 and expanded it into the Saalburg marble works. There were gang saws , stone grinders and stone saws bought and 1890, the machine shop was completed. In these workshops, for example, the one meter thick columns of the Berlin Cathedral were created . In 1889 the factory had 70 workers and a year later 80.
In 1909, the marble works with 100 employees was the second largest company in this sector in Germany. By the outbreak of the First World War , their number rose to 140.
Before the First World War , the people of Saalburg were commissioned to build columns for the Imperial Palace in Beijing. The stone cargo to Beijing was lost by sea after the start of the war and ten tall pillars remained in the workshops. After the war, the builders Heidecke and the Ministerialrat Johannes Grube and Fritz Kaye from Bremen continued to run the company, from 1925 Heidecke alone. In the spring of 1931, Heidecke jointly ran the Saalburg marble works with Josef Hauser. The city of Saalburg received a railway connection and the plant relocated to Saalburg, as the city provided the company with a free building site with a railway connection.
After Georg Heidecke's death by drowning in 1932, Josef Hauser took over the shares of Heideck's heirs in the Bleilochtalsperre and continued to run the business alone. This fateful turn was of great importance for the Saalburg marble works, because Hauser was a staunch National Socialist and wanted to be close to leading Nazis such as Adolf Hitler and Fritz Sauckel . Hauser founded a so-called factory group in his company, which presented itself in uniform on the occasion of the 50th anniversary in the Festschrift under a standard with a swastika. He made the staff at that time a follower or a member of the followers and the party comrade Hauser became the manager . In 1937 the workforce consisted of 155 employees.
New Reich Chancellery
The fixtures of Saalburg marble in the dining room and in the other extensions of the New Reich Chancellery in Berlin were particularly well known:
- “For these 12 massive columns, over six meters high, 16 wall pilaster strips and 4 corner pilaster strips, which were intended for the dining room of the Reich Chancellery, the Fuehrer himself selected bright pink calm in the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The work began in the Gottschall break. [...] The work was delivered on the set deadline and was recognized by the Führer and Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler. Josef Hauser stood in front of the guide in the dining room and was allowed to receive this recognition. "
The whereabouts of the columns and the massive fixtures of the New Reich Chancellery remained unclear after the war. After 1945, Saalburg marble continued to be used for representative buildings in the GDR because its decorative types had been used extensively in architecture for decades. Nevertheless, there were numerous rumors about the reuse of the material from the New Reich Chancellery. These assumptions concern the foyer of the Humboldt University , the Mohrenstrasse underground station and the Soviet memorials ( Treptower Park , Tiergarten and Schönholzer Heide ) in Berlin. After a detailed petrographic examination of the stone materials processed there, these rumors have no real basis.
After 1945
After the Second World War , the company continued to operate as VEB Saalburger Marmorwerke. After the fall of the Wall, Saalburger Marmorwerke GmbH was founded in November 1991 as a processor of natural stone and TNW Natursteinwerke GmbH and Co. KG as a raw material supplier. Limestone is mined near Tegau by Hartsteinwerke Burgk GmbH & Co. OHG.
Selected used rock deposits
The limestone was available with several trade names and from different quarries in the Thuringian Slate Mountains and adjacent parts of the Thuringian Vogtland :
- near Tegau in the Gottschall quarry (from 1897) and in the Vogelsberg quarry (from 1907): Saalburg Altrot (color deep dark red). Saalburg Buntrosa-calm (Gottschall-Steinbruch) and Saalburg Buntrosa lively , furthermore Saalburg Edelgrau-Trout
- in the Kapfenberg quarry near Pahren : Kapfenberg (dark to black-gray), at the beginning of the 20th century also known under the trade name Colombriso .
- In the quarry near Tanna : Saalburg Königsrot (color dark red to violet red with white or reddish colored calcite veins .)
- in the quarry near Rothenacker : Saalburg purple , lively structure
- in the quarry of the Pößnigsbach valley (today in the Bleilochtalsperre ): Saalburg Meergrün and Saalburg Schwarz
Today, material is only extracted in individual quarries.
Buildings and stone work
- Columns for the Imperial Palace in Beijing
- Columns and numerous other interior parts for the Berlin Cathedral
- Sarcophagus for the Duchess of Mecklenburg
- Havana government building
- War memorial in Surrey, England for fallen Americans
- Cash desk in the new Reichsbank building in Dresden
- Interiors of the buildings (shops, stairwells) of the post-war Altmarkt development and adjacent streets in Dresden
- Dresden Zwinger , floors (partly removed by modern renovations)
- Ballroom of the former military academy in Dresden
- Solid columns in the nave of the Lukaskirche in Dresden
- Chemnitz University of Technology (foyer in the extension from the 1960s on Strasse der Nations ) in Chemnitz
- Palace light plays in Zwickau
- Floor and stairs in the administration building of the NSDAP in Munich
- Floor and stairs in the Führerbau in Munich
- Floor and stairs in the House of German Art in Munich
- Mosaic floor in the swimming pool on the Reichssportfeld in Berlin
- Mosaic floor and floor for the swimming pool of Hitler's Leibstandarte
- Massive handrail in the building of the municipal fire society Berlin
- Stone work for the Magdeburg town hall
- Stone work for the Hotel Elephant , Weimar
- Stone work for the dining room and extension of the New Reich Chancellery in Vossstrasse in Berlin
- Floor in the foyer of the German State Opera Berlin (including the original green Saalburg marble)
- Floor in the foyer of the Berlin State Library (Unter den Linden house)
- Altar of the Church of St. Alban (Effelder) , "Eichsfelder Dom"
See also
- Marx green marble , geologically related limestone deposit used as work stone , about 20 kilometers from the Thuringian mining area
literature
- 50 years of work, Saalburg marble works, 1888 - 1938. On the day of the 50th anniversary, Kupp, Reichenstein & Helmrich, Schleiz o. J. (1938).
Web links
- Federal Institute for Geosciences and Raw Materials: "Saalburger Marble". The collection item of the month . on www.bgr.bund.de, presentation of this group of stone
- Elisabeth Kühnast, Sandra Reichmann, Jasmin Eismann, Robin Griesbach: 110 years of Tanna marble quarry . on www.stadt-tanna.de, seminar paper about the Tanna marble quarry
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerhard Weise: Natural stone of the Saale-Orla-Kreis (part 2) . In: Contributions to the geology of Thuringia, New Series, Issue 21, pp. 147–196, here p. 165.
- ^ A b Otmar Hartenstein: Jobs for the region. On the history of the Saalburg marble works . In: Gudrun Braune (ed.): From life in the Oberland. Everyday life in the Thuringian Slate Mountains / Upper Saale region . State capital Erfurt, City Administration, Erfurt 2013, pp. 84–97
- ↑ Saalburger Marmorwerke, p. 4, see Lit.
- ↑ Saalburger Marmorwerke, p. 22, see lit.
- ↑ Hans-Ernst Mittig : ' Marble of the Reich Chancellery . In: Dieter Bingen, Hans-Martin Hinz (eds.): The razing, destruction and reconstruction of historical buildings in Germany and Poland. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-447-05096-9 , online at www.zeitgeschichte-online.de