Arnshaugk Office
The Arnshaugk Office was a territorial administrative unit in the Neustädter Kreis of the Electorate of Saxony, which was converted into a kingdom in 1806 . Between 1657 and 1718 belonged Office for Albertine Sekundogenitur -Fürstentum Saxe-Zeitz .
Until the cession to Prussia in 1815 and the annexation of the eastern part to Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach in 1816, as a Saxon office it formed the spatial reference point for the demand of sovereign taxes and compulsory service , for the police , judiciary and army successes .
Geographical expansion
Most of the area of the Arnshaugk district lay in the Orlasenke . The Orla ran almost completely in the official area. The southeast edge of the area already belongs to the southeast Thuringian slate mountains . The Auma , a tributary of the Weida, rises in the southeast of the office . In the extreme southeast, the Saale formed the official border. The Roda has its source in the northeast of the former office. Historically, the area in the east of the office around Auma and Triptis belonged to the Thuringian Vogtland .
The Arnshaugk office included u. a. four cities and two exclaves. There were still two enclaves in the territory. The former official area is now in the southeast of the Free State of Thuringia and is mostly in the Saale-Orla district , only small peripheral areas of the Arnshaugk district are now part of the Saale-Holzland district ( Renthendorf in the northeast and the enclave Dienstädt in the northwest), the district of Greiz (the city of Auma-Weidatal with Auma in the southeast) or to the district of Saalfeld-Rudolstadt (the exclave Kamsdorf ).
Adjacent administrative units
| Principality of Saxony-Saalfeld ( Pößneck ) | Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg (western district) | |
| Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt ( suzerainty ) |
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Weida Office |
| Office Ziegenrück | Principality of Reuss Younger Line (Schleiz) |
history
Early history
In the time before 1000 the region around Arnshaugk was inhabited by Slavs . The assumption of a fortified complex in Arnshaugk as an early seat of power in an area dominated by Slavic populations before the 12th / 13th centuries. Century is likely on the mountain spur, but so far cannot be documented or archaeologically proven. After 1100 Emperor Barbarossa enfeoffed Franconian settlers with the area on the Orla . Lehnsnehmer who were lords of Auhausen which originated in the Frankish Benedictine monastery Auhausen had and now to their new headquarters in Jena as lords of Lobdeburg designated.
Rani reign
Fortifications have been on the castle hill in Ranis since the 11th century . In 1084, Emperor Heinrich IV. Enfeoffed Wiprecht von Groitzsch , the later Margrave of Meissen and Lusatia , with the Castrum Ranis - the first documentary mention. In 1199 the castle is named as the seat of imperial ministries, which are directly subordinate to the king. As an imperial property , the castle played an important role in the Saalegau as a border fortress against the Slavs .
Emperor Otto IV pledged Ranis Castle and the territory around Saalfeld to the Counts of Schwarzburg . In 1220 Emperor Friedrich II enfeoffed the Schwarzburger with the castle. In the 13th and 14th centuries Ranis remained in the possession of the Counts of Kevernburg and Schwarzburg. In 1389 the Schwarzburgers sold the castle to the Wettins . Around 1418 the exclave towns of Goßwitz , Großkamsdorf and Kleinkamsdorf , which had always been associated with Ranis , became part of the Wettin care (office) Ranis .
1463 bequeathed Wilhelm III. the castle and the office of Ranis in honor of his wife Katharina von Brandenstein to her brother Heinrich von Brandenstein . Due to over-indebtedness, the von Brandenstein family sold the castle to the von Breitenbauch family in 1571 . After there was no improvement in the situation among them either, they were included in the Arnshaugk office in 1574.
Lords of Lobdeburg
The Lords of Lobdeburg built on a mountain spur at the present town Neustadt / Orla the castle Arnshaugk as the seat of government in Orlagau . The area of the later Arnshaugk office was formed around Arnshaugk Castle in the 13th century. In 1120 Nova villa , a place of German foundation, was mentioned in a deed of donation from the Thuringian Count Wichmann to the Kaltenborn monastery . In the period between 1150 and 1250 the city of Neustadt / Orla was founded by the lords of Lobdeburg . The city was first mentioned in a document in 1287.
From the middle of the 13th century, the lords of Lobdeburg temporarily resided at Arnshaugk Castle (Otto v. Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk's presence is made clear several times by notifications at his castle in Schleiz). In all the documents that have been handed down, the Lobdeburgers always appear as “free masters”. Already in December 1289 or in January 1290 at the latest the Arnshaugk line of the Lobdeburger expires , since both male heirs (Otto and his son Hartmann) never appear again in documents from this time on. Apparently both died at the same time during a military conflict (they appeared several times in the company of Dietrich von Landsberg ).
The wife of Otto IV, the last gentleman of Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk , Elisabeth (the elder) of Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk , was probably a born Countess of Orlamünde (* around 1262; † August 22, 1331). The neighboring Ziegenrück Castle and the later Ziegenrück office that surrounds it were owned by the Counts of Orlamünde , which Elisabeth probably brought into her marriage to Otto IV.
Gradual transition to Wettin ownership
After the death of Otto IV and his son Hartmann XI. von Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk married Elisabeth (the elder) in 1290 the Landgrave of Thuringia and Margrave of Meissen , Albrecht II the Degenerate. She brought into this marriage the possessions of the Lobdeburg-Arnshaugker line and the Counts of Orlamünde, whereby u. a. the places Neustadt an der Orla , Auma (both later belonged to the Arnshaugk office) and Ziegenrück (later belonged to the Ziegenrück office ) came to the Wettin margraviate of Meissen after 1300 .
The son of Albrechts, Friedrich I the bitten (* 1257 ; † November 16, 1323 ), married the 14-year-old heir daughter Elisabeth von Arnshaugk (* 1286; † August 22, 1359), daughter of Hartmann, in 1300 in the second marriage XI. from Lobdeburg-Arnshaugk . Her mother of the same name was the third wife of Albrecht the Degenerate and thus also Friedrich's stepmother. Not only Friedrich was favored by the emperor, but also the landgrave guardian of Elisabeth, Vogt Heinrich II. Von Plauen , to whom territories were also assigned. Friedrich also left the castles Triptis , Auma and Ziegenrück to the Reussians, who were related to the bailiffs of Plauen, as a pledge for the sum of 3,000 shock Meissen groschen , which he owed and the emperor agreed.
As a result of the Vogtland War ( 1354 to 1357 ), the Plauen bailiffs lost almost all of their property. Heinrich IV. From the older line (House Mühltroff) had to sell his possessions, whereby the towns of Auma , Triptis and Ziegenrück , which were later to be found in Neustädter Kreis , went to the Wettins in 1356 .
Electorate and Duchy of Saxony
When Leipzig was divided in 1485, the Arnshaugk office came to the Ernestine line of the Wettins . After the defeat of the Ernestines in the Schmalkaldic War in 1547, it initially remained under the rule of the Duchy of Saxony of the Ernestines. In 1567, as a result of the Grumbachian Handel, after the execution of the Reich against Duke Johann Friedrich II, who had been put into eight , it came to the Albertinian line as security (pledge) and was called an "underwritten office" .
In 1660 the office was completely ceded to them and since then has formed the Neustadt district of the Electorate of Saxony with the offices of Weida , Mildenfurth and Ziegenrück .
Between 1657 and 1718, was one of the Neustadt district and its four offices for Sekundogenitur -Fürstentum Saxe-Zeitz . Due to the ruinous condition of Arnshaugk Castle , the seat of the office had been moved to the town of Neustadt an der Orla since the 16th century . The city's castle was built after 1674 by Duke Moritz von Sachsen-Zeitz. From 1788 the offices Arnshaugk and were Ziegenrück speak in personal union worried by the same officials.
Prussia or Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
As a result of the defeat of the Kingdom of Saxony , the Congress of Vienna in 1815 decided to assign territories to the Kingdom of Prussia . a. initially affected the entire Neustädter Kreis with its four offices.
However, since the Kingdom of Prussia had undertaken in Art. 37 of the Congress Act to cede to the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach areas bordering or neighboring areas with at least 50,000 inhabitants to his Principality of Weimar, Prussia and Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach reached an agreement in separate negotiations the assignment (among others) of the eastern parts of the Neustädter Kreis , so that only a remainder, i.e. H. the western parts of the offices of Ziegenrück (with Ziegenrück and the Saale crossings) and Arnshaugk (with the area around Ranis and the exclave of Kamsdorf ) remained with Prussia. So the territory of the offices of Arnshaugk (larger eastern part) with Ziegenrück (smaller eastern part), Weida and Mildenfurth came to the Grand Duchy, where it was also known as the "Neustädter Kreis" and formed the southeast of the three large parts of the country. Its area was just under 629 km² (1895: 52,016 inhabitants). The largest cities were Neustadt / Orla Triptis , Auma , Weida and Berga / Elster .
Successor to the Arnshaugk office in Prussia
The area around Ranis with the exclave of Kamsdorf remained with Prussia after the division of the Arnshaugk office and in 1816 was combined with the western part of the Ziegenrück office to form the newly founded "Neustadt district" (without the city of the same name) in the Erfurt administrative district of the Prussian province of Saxony . The district thus became the exclave of the Kingdom of Prussia. The district office of the area renamed the district Ziegenrück in 1820 was Ranis Castle . The district of Ziegenrück existed until the dissolution of Prussia in 1945.
Successor to the Arnshaugk office in Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach
1868 in the United Duchy Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach from the Neustadt circuit of the administrative district on the Neustadt Orla formed. In the Free State of Saxony-Weimar-Eisenach (1918–1920) the Neustadt an der Orla administrative district also remained a territorial unit. After the formation of the state of Thuringia in 1920, the Neustadt an der Orla administrative district was dissolved and assigned to the Gera , Greiz , Jena-Roda and Schleiz districts .
Successor to the Arnshaugk office after 1945
In the course of the administrative reform of 1952, the Pößneck district was formed from parts of the previous districts of Gera, Saalfeld and Ziegenrück. In terms of area, this was based on the historical model of the Neustädter Kreis . However, the district seat has now been moved to the attached Pößneck . The eastern part of the Neustädter Kreis came to neighboring districts (e.g. Auma was assigned to the Zeulenroda district , Weida to the Gera-Land district ).
In 1994 the administrative unit, now known as the Pößneck district, was dissolved and merged into the Saale-Orla district . Small outlying areas of the Arnshaugk district today belong to the Saale-Holzland district ( Renthendorf in the northeast and the Dienstädt exclave in the northwest), the Greiz district (the town of Auma-Weidatal with Auma in the southeast) and the Saalfeld-Rudolstadt district (the Kamsdorf exclave ).
Associated places
- Cities
- Neustadt / Orla (after 1816 part of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach)
- Auma (after 1816 to Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach)
- Ranis (after 1816 to Prussia)
- Triptis (after 1816 to Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach)
- Villages (after 1816 to Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach)
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- Villages (after 1816 to Prussia)
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- Villages (exclaves)
- Dienstädt (northwest of Orlamünde ) (after 1816 to Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg)
- Goßwitz (east of Saalfeld ) (after 1816 to Prussia)
- Großkamsdorf (east of Saalfeld ) (after 1816 to Prussia)
- Kleinkamsdorf (east of Saalfeld ) (after 1816 to Prussia)
- Castles and Palaces
- Ludwigshof and Heroldshof (to Ranis )
- Other property
- Weiler Mühlpöllnitz , Buchpöllnitz and Steinpöllnitz (to Triptis , created in 18/19. Centuries)
- Mills in Auma:
- Eisenschmidtmühle (first mentioned in a document in 1518)
- Mittelmühle (was built in 1722)
- Kesselsmühle (first mentioned in a document in 1705)
- Teichmühle (first mentioned in 1328)
Bailiffs
u. a.
- Hans Georg von Schleinitz (born January 30, 1599 - † April 8, 1666 )
literature
- Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas , Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wilfried Warsitzka: The Thuringian Landgrave , Verlag Dr. Bussert & Stadeler, 2004, ISBN 3-932906-22-5 , pp. 260, 293, 294
- ↑ The Roda Office (Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg) in the municipality register 1900
- ↑ Günter Steiniger: Mills on the Auma, the Triebes, the Leubs and Güldetal Verlag Rockstuhl, Bad Langensalza 2011, ISBN 978-3-86777-296-9 , pp. 37–39; 34-36; 31-33; 31-33