Auhausen Monastery

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The monastery before demolition in 1818
former Abbey Church of Auhausen
Georg Truchseß von Wetzhausen, last abbot of the Auhausen monastery (portrait of an unknown painter "HR" from 1531)
Choir stalls from 1420

The Auhausen Monastery is a former Benedictine abbey in Auhausen in Bavaria in the diocese of Eichstätt .

location

The monastery was in Auhausen, a place between Oettingen and Wassertrüdingen , on today's Klosterstrasse. The monastery church of St. Maria is the landmark and is shown on the town's coat of arms . This monastery has been confused with the Anhausen an der Brenz monastery of almost the same name since the Middle Ages .

history

According to the founding legend, the Benedictine monastery Auhausen on the river Wörnitz in the 10th century is to be regarded as an atonement foundation of Count Ernst von Truhendingen ; Hartmann von Lobdeburg († 958) is said to have been a co-founder . This legend probably goes back to a document from 959 kept in the monastery, in which a Count Ernst and a certain Hartmann are named - like up to 12/13. Century still common without twilight. Jacobi, on the other hand, sees Hartmann von Lobdeburg as the sole donor and justifies this by the lack of a picture of a Truhendinger in the knight's chapel, which no longer exists today, where the donors were shown kneeling in life size and the fact that none of the Truhendinger is buried in Auhausen. A third variant states that the sister of Count Ernst von Truhendingen was married to Hartmann von Lobdeburg. This would explain the founding of both noble houses in an understandable way. In fact, the monastery, consecrated to Saint Mary and Saints Godehard and Georg, was only founded in the first third of the 12th century by the local nobility of Auhaus as a reform monastery in Hirsau . A deed of incorporation has not survived; Neither is known about the mother monastery that provided the first monks; it can be assumed that they came from the Neresheim monastery . The founding family were the noble free von Auhausen, whose progenitor was Hartmann, named 959. After a "Hartmann von Auhausen" documented Naumburg in 1133 , the noble family will have settled in Lobdeburg in Thuringia. A branch of the family also sat at Alerheim Castle in Nördlinger Ries .

When the monastery was founded, an existing St. Mary's Church was probably taken over as the monastery church. The monastery is mentioned for the first time in a privilege charter of Pope Innocent II from 1136. At this point in time, the monastery was probably founded a few years ago. In 1157 a certificate of privilege from Pope Hadrian IV confirmed the monastery property in detail: Ecclesiam (church) in Ahusen (= Auhausen ), villas Ekgebuinth (today only known as the field name Heckpoint ), Prucgi (probably passed near the monastery), Wachivelth (= Wachfeld , community Auhausen ), Cirindorif (= Zirndorf , municipality of Auhausen ), Mariprucki (= probably Pfeifhof , municipality of Auhausen ). Ratheristhal (not identifiable), Staininbuhil (= maybe Steinbühl in the Donau-Ries district), predium in Herlaibingen (= Herblingen , Donau-Ries district) including rights to the chapel there, predium in Wiblishaim (= Wiebelsheim , Neustadt an der Aisch- Bad Windsheim). Later other possessions were added, partly through foundations, partly through purchase and exchange. It was not just a question of local ownership, but also of remote ownership; Before 1181, Berthold von Thannbrunn bequeathed a farm in Frickenhausen am Main to the monastery and finally his ancestral seat in Thannbrunn in what would later become the Upper Palatinate . Around 1160, according to the latest findings in 1228, Marcward and his brother Adilbert von Craginhei ( Cronheim ) submitted to an arbitration decision by Count Ludwig von Oettingen in favor of the monastery. In the 13th century, Adelheid von Absberg , who came from the noble family of the von Hürnheim family, gave the monastery hospital for the poor with a rich donation of goods around Gunzenhausen . The annual “Big Donation”, a donation of bread and money to the poor on the 4th Sunday of Lent, attracted many needy people and was continued by the monastery administrator's office even after the monastery was closed.

Under Abbot Sifrid, Pope Gregory IX incorporated 1232 the parish church Auhausen in the monastery. Three years later, Bishop Heinrich III recognized. von Eichstätt solemnly approved the incorporation on the condition that the abbot was responsible to him and his successors in spiritual matters. In 1273, the Lobdeburgers, now split into three lines in the Thuringian area, issued three identical documents with which they confirmed the rights and freedoms of the monastery that had been granted by their ancestors. The Benedictine abbey, which has now become imperial direct , received several indulgences between 1334 and 1337 for its miraculous image of the Annunciation in the monastery church; The southern tower of the abbey church was also built in 1334. In 1354 the monastery obtained privileges from Emperor Charles IV ; the abbot and his successors were appointed imperial chaplains with this document. Towards the end of the 14th century the abbey got into economic hardship for unknown reasons and had to sell goods.

In the 15th century there were legal disputes with the Counts of Oettingen who oppressed the monastery. The burgraves of Nuremberg and the later margraves of Brandenburg-Ansbach also aimed their territorial policy at the monastery property. The long evolutionary process of oppression and the loss of royal freedoms were finally completed in the 16th century by the Reformation and the Peasant Wars. In May 1525, the monastery fell victim to marauding farmers. 1530, the "last and most important abbot," fled Georg Truchsess of Wetzhausen , during the Reformation, which his sovereign, Margrave of the Pious of Ansbach Georg had assumed, as leader of the Catholic opposition in the Margrave shank to Eichstatt the local Dominican monastery ; he had almost completely rebuilt his monastery and furnished it with rich art treasures. In 1534 Auhausen actually became a margravial monastery administrator; the remaining monks were able to continue their monastic life for three years. In 1537 the margrave introduced a new monastery order, with which monastery life came to an end. The last prior of Auhausen, Johann Fabri, followed his abbot Georg into exile in Eichstätt, where he died in 1556.

The Romanesque abbey church was now the Protestant parish church of St. Maria . The monastery buildings and the knight chapel, the burial place of lower aristocratic families in the area, were largely demolished in the 19th century.

In 1608, the Protestant princes of the empire united in the Auhausen monastery to form the Union's protective alliance .

Attractions

See also

literature

  • Martin Winter: On the history of the Auhausen monastery an der Wörnitz. In: Alt-Gunzenhausen. Contributions to the history of the city and the surrounding area. Issue 52, 1997, pp. 4-38. (See also artefax.de for text )
  • JB Briefly: The monastery Auhausen a. W. In: The same: The own monasteries in the diocese of Eichstätt. Brönner & Daentler, Eichstätt 1923, p. 44f.
  • Klaus Sturm: History of the Auhausen Monastery on the Wörnitz. (= Collection sheet of the historical association Eichstätt. 63). Eichstaett 1970, OCLC 468986171 . (also phil. diss. at the University of Erlangen)

Web links

Commons : Auhausen Abbey  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Winter, p. 7.
  2. ^ Friedrich Jacobi: Prehistory of the city and the former principality of Ansbach. Ansbach 1868, p. 116.
  3. ↑ Corpus historiae Brandenburgicae diplomaticum: or complete and documented history of the most serene and powerful royal. Chur- and Hochfürstl. House of Brandenburg
  4. ↑ Winter, p. 13.
  5. ↑ Winter, p. 9.
  6. ↑ Winter, p. 12.
  7. ^ Collective sheet of the Eichstätt Historical Association , 63 (1969/70), p. 18 f.
  8. ↑ Markus Schäfer: Who were Marquart and Adilbert von Cronheim ?, 2018, web link
  9. ↑ Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions. P. 22.
  10. ↑ a b Winter, p. 17.
  11. ↑ Winter, p. 21.
  12. ↑ Winter, p. 32.
  13. ↑ Winter, p. 34.

Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 29.2 ″  N , 10 ° 37 ′ 9.1 ″  E