Cronheim

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Cronheim
City of Gunzenhausen
Coat of arms of Cronheim
Coordinates: 49 ° 5 ′ 44 ″  N , 10 ° 39 ′ 49 ″  E
Height : 476 m above sea level NN
Residents : 526  (2014)
Incorporation : April 1, 1971
Postal code : 91710
Area code : 09836
Cronheim (Bavaria)
Cronheim

Location of Cronheim in Bavaria
Cronheim Castle
Cronheim Castle

Cronheim is a district of the town of Gunzenhausen in the central Franconian district of Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen with over 500 inhabitants.

Geography and traffic

Cronheim is located in the west of the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district in the Franconian Lake District , about seven kilometers west of Gunzenhausen. To the north is the Cronheim Forest , through which the German Limes Cycle Path partially runs. In the west, the border with the Ansbach district runs . State road St 2219 runs north of the village . The Kröttenbach flows through the village .

The state road 2219 ( Deutsche Limes-Straße ) leads to Unterschwaningen or Unterwurmbach , the district road WUG 25 / AN 60 to Stetten or Großlellenfeld . Communal roads run to Laufenbürg and Filchenhard .

Coat of arms

Blazon : “In red, two golden buffalo horns facing away from each other”, which can also be viewed as hip horns . The coat of arms is borrowed from the knight's coat of arms of the Lords of Cronheim.

history

prehistory

The area around Cronheim was already inhabited in prehistoric times. A hill in the north of the district and two burial mounds , which have not yet been explored, bear witness to this . Adjacent to the Upper German-Raetian Limes , two Roman military roads crossed in the 2nd century .

Early Middle Ages to High Middle Ages

Coat of arms stone of the "old castle" Cronheim
Parts of the old surrounding wall. In the background the church of Maria Magdalena

Regional structural reforms, supported by the church policy of Charlemagne, gave the Heidenheim monastery , which had a farm in the area around Cronheim about 400 meters south of today's Cronheim Castle , spiritual supremacy. According to Degener, the place name in the form Craigenheim (1272) goes back to Cracho or Crajo (crow). Mone, on the other hand, recognizes a Celtic origin of the place name, derived from crah, cray - village of crechel as a Germanized diminutive - small village. He refers to the form of Chregehen (around 1140). Cronheim was part of the Sualafeldgau , which had probably already been founded by the Alemanni before it came under Frankish sovereignty. The secular ruler of the Gaus at this time was Count Hermoin, followed by Count Erlvin in 802. A deed of donation from Emperor Heinrich to Bishop Gebhard von Eichstätt dated May 17, 1053 describes an area which although Cronheim does not include its neighboring village Swiningen (Schwaningen). Schwaningen was part of the Sualafeldgau owned by Count Chuno (from the Lechsgemünd family ).

In the Middle Ages there was a free, imperial manor in Cronheim . This included all the rights of the rulership of the village as well as the lower jurisdiction . It is certain that the aristocracy of Cronheim also had rights of the neck of the court . The court of justice was evidently at the office servant house, as is evident from a letter from around 1907; It says: “Outside the courtyard”, meaning the courtyard of the rectory, “there is another fountain in the former court”. This refers to the fountain of the Amtsknechthaus (old school house), which was south of the rectory. A coat of arms of the Lords of Kronheim, which is walled in in the inner courtyard of Cronheim Castle, shows four vertical lines, which were mostly read in older scripts as the year "1111". Correctly, this would be the oldest written evidence of the use of Arabic numerals in Germany. Today, therefore, it is more likely to be assumed that these are simply chiseled notches with no further meaning and not a year. The builder of the first castle in Cronheim is assumed to be "Burchardus de Chregehen", who in 1140 as a witness to a donation by Wolftrigel and Diemo von Fronhofen , which appears in the 'Donation Book ' Propstei Berchtesgaden . He had probably received permission from the king to build a fortified allodium in Cronheim . Different information from 1110, 1111 to 1140 is given as the year of construction. Probably Burchhard's sons, Marcward and his brother Adilbert von Craginhei, allegedly submitted to an arbitration judgment from Count Ludwig von Oettingen in favor of the Auhausen monastery around 1160 . However, the latest research suggests that this document was only issued around 1228. “Gertrud von Kreinheim” (Cronheim), probably a daughter of Burchard, was named as a sister at the time Herrad von Landsberg (* between 1125 and 1130; † July 25, 1195) was abbess of the Hohenburg monastery on the Odilienberg . As a result of the Hohenstaufen imperial policy, the parish church of St. Maria Magdalena was supposedly founded around 1180.

Late Middle Ages

Coat of arms of the Lords of Kronheim

On April 1, 1263, Ritter (milites) V̊ollandus de Creinhein testified that the Count Rabeno von Ehringen, a gift from Oettingen, was donated to the Auhausen monastery with the consent of Count Ludwig von Oettingen. In 1271 Uhland von Cronheim ("Volnand von Kregenheim") reappeared as a witness when the Auhausen Monastery sold goods in drought rooms to the Zimmer Monastery . He was followed in a document dated June 9, 1272 by a “Ludwig von Craigenheim” (Cronheim). He and Bishop Hildebrand von Eichstätt exchanged the two parish churches St. Peter and St. Walburg in the parish of Stetten for goods in " Norsteten ". Rossmeissl recognizes in knight Wolframus de Creigenheim, who appeared in 1285 as a witness for a document, the last of the sex in the male line. Whether the nobleman "Heinrich von Kreinheim" (Cronheim) attested on August 8, 1335, who certified the release of the village of Schrappach by Hermann Irrer from the abbot and convent of the Ebrach monastery , can still be counted has not been further researched. Johann von Absberg († 1356) donated an anniversary in 1300 in the church in Cronheim. He was married to one from Cronheim.

Eppelein of Gailingen

Hans von Cronheim is mentioned as an assistant to the robber baron Eppelein von Gailingen , who was executed on May 15, 1381 and who was hiding near Wald . In the case files about Eppelein von Gailingen it is noted that he, together with his son-in-law Hermann von Bernheim and his brother Dietrich, found shelter at times with Hans von Cronheim and the local priest of Cronheim, a cousin of the Bernheimers. The story of Eppelein von Gailingen was filmed in 2008 under the title Ekklins Knecht . Hans von Cronheim, played by Klaus Jugl, is portrayed as a traitor to Eppelein, which probably does not correctly reflect the real course of history.

In 1383 Hans von Cronheim sold his estates in Streitdorf / Streudorf , Mörsach and Höhenberg to Herrieden Abbey ; two years later, the Eichstatt Bishop Friedrich IV. Count von Oettingen confirmed this ownership to the monastery. In 1399, Hans von Cronheim, together with the knight Erhard von Markhüngen (?), Konrad and Craft von Lentersheim (follower of the Nuremberg burgrave Friedrich VI.) And a "Wüzichen von Mittlburg" (Middelburg (Röckingen)), vouched for the purchase contract of the Herrieden monastery The time of conflict and the appearance of firearms in the second half of the 14th century prompted Hans von Cronheim, whom Rossmeissl equates with Hanns Ammon von Lephenburg , who appeared in a document in 1375 , to create a more defensive building complex he expanded the Ringmauerern the already fastened Allodiums who served from now on as bailey to the east. the old castle was now predominantly a manse that to the bishopric of Eichstatt was rented. the corresponding Zehntscheuer was well-established in connection with the expansion of the outer bailey. this was used by both the local nobility and of the Church. the residential tower was Repeatedly rebuilt and expanded and the actual seat of the local government. The enlarged facility was checked for military capabilities in 1397. In a conflict with his relatives Heinrich and Hartung von Wiesenthau , the tithe barn filled with grain was burned down. The residential tower of the castle and the mansion of the fortified allodium initially seem to have been spared. It seems that the Wiesenthauer also managed to acquire Cronheim Castle, which emerges from a primal feud in 1403. The robber knighthood of the Wiesenthauer was not without consequences. In 1403 the Nuremberg burgrave Johann III moved. against him and burned down Cronheim Castle. Why Hans von Cronheim lost his castle to Heinrich von Wiesenthau is not known. In 1408, however, he was back at Cronheim, probably initially in the manor house of the Allodium, until the modest residential tower was rebuilt. A brickworks operated by the diocese in Cronheim is also mentioned at this time.

A family tree can be drawn up with Hans I. von Cronheim zu Cronheim and Lauffenburg († around 1427), who appeared in various sales together with his wife Anna (possibly Anna von Paulsdorf ). Probably due to the fire of Cronheim Castle in 1403, Hans von Cronheim and his wife Anna sold their four Söldenhofstätten near Aha to the Teutonic Order Coming from Nuremberg and on July 24, 1403 a farm in Sachsenhofen to Kuntz von Eschenbach zu Obern-Eschenbach and Margretha, whose Wife. In 1406, part of the Burleswagen Castle near Crailsheim , which Hans had previously bought from Weiprecht von Wolmershausen, was sold to Jörg Lankwarter.

Hans I and Anna had two sons, Hans II (mentioned in documents 1415, 1430 and 1460) and Martin I (∞ Magdalena, mentioned in documents 1416, 1426 and 1433). Hans II, whose wife is unknown, had a son, Hans III. von and zu Cronheim and a daughter Agnes von Cronheim, who was married to Albrecht von Hessberg . Martin von und zu Cronheim and his wife Magdalena had a daughter named Margaretha who was married to Heinrich von Oettingen . Hans III. von und zu Cronheim died in 1474 and left behind the four sons Wilhelm I, Martin II, Hans IV and Jacob (∞ Anna von Habsberg, daughter Clara and son Wilhelm II). Son Martin II. Was a lord of the Oettingian fiefdom and appeared in 1474 as the owner of Laufenbürg Castle. He died childless in 1492. Son Hans IV died before 1498. Son Wilhelm I von und zu Cronheim († 1485), who was married to Salome von Grumbach , is mentioned as a member of the Brotherhood of Our Dear Women on the Mountains . This suggests that the Lords of Cronheim were among the followers of Frederick of Brandenburg . The marriages with the influential noble families von Öttingen and von Grumbach show that the Lords of Cronheim must have been a very respected family in the 15th century. Wilhelm von und zu Cronheim and his wife Salome von Grumbach had a son named Hans Wolff. He was married to his cousin Clara von Cronheim (the daughter of Jacobs von und zu Cronheim). Their children were Hans Georg and daughter Clara von Cronheim, who was married to Christoph von Rechenberg. Hans Georg von Kronheim appeared on May 11, 1551 as a witness in a contract document about the sheep driving process of the sheep farms of the Lords of Absperg to Absperg to the Spagenhof and Birkenhof . In 1540 he was at the court of Count Palatine Otto Heinrich. Hans Georg was married twice. Through his marriage policy he gained access to the Swabian nobility . His first wife was Margarethe von Schinen ( rails near Öhningen ) (daughter of Sixtus von Schinen in Schinenberg and the Walburga von Stadion ). They had two daughters, Barbara and Walpurgis, who was married to Hereditary Marshal Hugo Vogt von Alten-Summerau zu Prasberg . From this marriage, Albert von Prasberg , called Vogt zu Summerau and Tax Wangen emerged, father of Bishop Franz Johann Vogt of Altensumerau and Prasberg from Constance . His daughter Ester came from his second marriage to Maria Jacobäa von Stain . Since no male descendants were born, Hans Georg von Kronheim became the male line of knights in 1560.

16th to 19th century

Johann Heinrich Boeckler

Hans Georg's daughter Barbara, who was married to the Eichstättischen nurse Matthias von Leonrod, passed the manor to the Lords of Leonrod . Barbara's grave is in the church of Herrieden . The Lords of Leonrod began in 1564 with the expansion of the moated castle , which was only rebuilt to a modest extent after the fire of 1403, initially as a two-wing complex, which later housed the Bailiwick Office. Another daughter of Hans Georg von Kronheim, Ester, was married to Ernst von Rechenberg , their daughter married Sebastian Neustädter called Stürmer . Sebastian's mother Elisabeth was born from Wolmershausen.

Cronheim was a Catholic parish. This changed in 1560 with the introduction of the Brandenburg Church Ordinance . The then pastor Georg Haß had married his cook in neighboring Stetten as early as 1558 under the protection of the House of Brandenburg-Onolzbach .

The manor Cronheim came to Neustädter by inheritance in 1580, before he sold it to his brother-in-law Friedrich von Eyb zu Eybburg in 1595 or 1597 for 47,000  guilders, including the parish and early mass in Cronheim he had bought in 1592. He built the first school in Cronheim in 1602, voluntarily and at his own expense. He also expanded the castle into a four-wing complex. With the construction he got so much in debt that in 1604 he had to pledge Cronheim to his brother-in-law Geyer von Giebelstadt zu Goldbach. Despite the high debts, Friedrich von Eyb did not give up his patronage for Cronheim. The community also owes him the cemetery which he built in 1609 and the listed cemetery chapel of St. Anna. Veit Erasmus von Eyb sold Cronheim Castle in 1617 to Johann Philipp Fuchs von Bimmbach . When Emperor Ferdinand II imposed a ban on him in 1626 , the Cronheim estate was confiscated. Ferdinand II transferred it to Count Nikolaus Fugger to settle some demands and with the condition that "the Catholic religion in this place may not be changed forever". As early as 1630, Fugger sold the Cronheim estate to the Eichstatter “ witch bishop ”, Prince-Bishop Johann Christoph von Westerstetten for 36,000 Flemish guilders, who then drove out the Jews residing in Cronheim and vigorously pursued the Counter-Reformation . The Protestant pastor Johann Boeckler and his family also felt the consequences of this policy. The father of Johann Heinrich and Georg Andreas , who were both born in the rectory in Cronheim and who achieved fame through their scientific work, was forced to resign in 1628 and finally expelled from Cronheim in 1634. From 1629 on, other sources mention 1634, Cronheim was again a Catholic parish.

Johann T'Serclaes of Tilly

The turmoil of the 30 Years War did not leave Cronheim without a trace. In 1632 the imperial troops under Johann T'Serclaes von Tilly marched through Cronheim, plundering. The church was spared, but the rectory was completely robbed and then burned down together with the village. In 1635 only the church, the rectory (Frühmesshaus), the smithy and the brickworks were left in Cronheim. Four farms , two half farms and 28 “Gütlein” farms were deserted, so they were no longer cultivated. According to Buchner, the village was empty until 1641. After the Peace of Westphalia in 1652, the Eichstätt diocese had to cede Cronheim Castle to its original owner, the Lords of Fuchs von Bimmbach. The objection raised by Bishop Marquard II. Schenk von Castell was unsuccessful and so the castle went to the brother of the now deceased Johann Philip Fuchs von Bimmbach, Karl Fuchs. The parish and all episcopal rights to Cronheim remained with the Bishop of Eichstätt. He managed the diocese, the solution right to secure at Cronheim after Karl Fuchs Cronheim to settle claims Count Johann Heinrich Notthafft had transferred. From 1658 onwards, the latter took in Jews from Herrieden and Gunzenhausen in exchange for protection money, after which fallow land was again cultivated. After ten years, Johann Heinrich Notthracht offered his Cronheim goods to the Teutonic Order for purchase in 1661 . The sale was delayed, however, so that Bishop Marquard finally made use of his right to resolve and entered into the purchase contract. So Cronheim came back to the diocese of Eichstätt on August 2, 1661 . However, the actual sales contract was only signed ten years later, on January 10, 1671, due to controversial issues. In 1666, Prince-Bishop Marquard II. Schenk von Castell also arranged for the expansion and renovation of the Romanesque choir tower church. He had the nave raised and a new dome installed. Bishop Marquard II not only continued the Jewish policy begun by Johann Heinrich Notthracht, but also expanded it. He offered Jews from the area to settle in Cronheim. The condition was that these houses had to be built on the desolate fire sites, which triggered a small building boom. 55 new houses and 30 sheds were built in Cronheim. The Jewish community members also built a school and later a synagogue . They were allowed to elect a barnos , a ruler, who represented the Jewish community to the authorities. From 1658 Cronheim was the only place in the diocese of Eichstätt where Jews were allowed to settle. The Catholic pastor Schaff looked after the community of Cronheim in 1672. In 1812 the construction of a new synagogue began because the old synagogue had become dilapidated. The new synagogue was inaugurated in 1817. In 1840, 197 people of Jewish faith were at home in the 95 houses of Cronheim. The Jewish part of the village with a total of 500 inhabitants made up almost 40% of the total population of Cronheim. Whether the Austrian baron Franz Maria von Carnea-Steffaneo di Tapogliano zu Kronheim and Eppenstein named himself after the Cronheim Castle in the 19th century and had his residence there remains to be clarified.

With the community edict in 1808, Cronheim became a politically independent community. The hamlet of Filchenhard and the towns of Stetten , Unterwurmbach and Unterhambach now belonged to the Cronheim tax district . The Nördlingen – Gunzenhausen railway was laid out in 1848 and Cronheim received a train station.

20th century to the present

Cronheim train station

On March 4, 1919, an aircraft had to make an emergency landing in Cronheim. The biplane overturned and lay on its back. On board were the writer and playwright, politician and left-wing socialist revolutionary Ernst Toller and his pilot Franz Gallenmüller from the 1st Royal Bavarian Aviation Battalion Oberschleißheim . Both were largely uninjured.

The development of the Jewish community in Cronheim came to an end when the synagogue was broken into and the interior was destroyed in October 1938. The building was sold shortly afterwards and the remaining sanctuaries were given to the Bavarian Israelite community in Munich. The items were destroyed in the November pogrom in 1938.

In 1961, 504 people lived in Cronheim's 103 residential buildings and 57 people in Filchenhard's 14 properties. The Cronheimer Wald , a 100.91 hectare community-free area in the north of what was then the community of Cronheim, was incorporated on January 1, 1967. In the course of the regional reform in Bavaria , Cronheim lost the status of an independent municipality when it was incorporated into Gunzenhausen on April 1, 1971. In 1972 a household waste dump was set up in the old clay pit south of the village. On September 29, 1985, the German Federal Railroad stopped passenger traffic on the Nördlingen – Gunzenhausen line, which resulted in emigration to nearby cities. In 1987 there were still 447 registered residents in Cronheim.

The village community received positive signals from the flooding of the nearby Altmühlsee in February 1985, although the side effects of this are only slowly becoming noticeable today. The opening of a therapy center of the Arbeiterwohlfahrt (AWO) in October 1999 and the closure of the landfill in 2005 ushered in a trend reversal that made the village increasingly popular. Work is currently underway to cover the landfill, which was temporarily covered with a tarpaulin, with soil and to green it. This work should be completed by the end of 2017. In the future, shrubs, paths and meadows will soon heal the landscape scar. Several historic buildings in Cronheim have already been renovated through the village renewal process, which is supported by the Office for Rural Development Middle Franconia . Further projects, such as the renovation of the former rectory, are in prospect. There are also plans to resume rail operations on the Cronheim line. This is not least due to the increasing popularity of the Franconian Lake District with the nearby Altmühlsee as a tourist destination. The Altmühlsee, which was created by artificial flooding to regulate water levels in 1985, is the second largest lake in the Franconian Lake District after the Brombachsee . The region benefits from additional extensive leisure activities such as hiking trails, bike paths, swimming, surfing and sailing opportunities that did not exist in this form before. In addition to a small sports center, the family-friendly village of Cronheim also has an all-day kindergarten. A new development area in the north of the village has been designated. With these facilities, it enjoyed a population increase of almost 18% between 1987 and 2014.

In the Cronheimer Schloss the AWO district association Roth-Schwabach e. V. in addition to a therapy center, a museum that deals with the changing religions in the small village of Cronheim with the theme of the microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions . In addition, an accompanying book with the history of Cronheim was published in 2000.

Population development
  • Cronheim community
    • 1910: 512
    • 1933: 480
    • 1939: 431
    • 1961: 561
    • 1970: 504
  • District of Cronheim
    • 1987: 447
    • 2014: 526

Personalities

Georg Andreas Boeckler

Cronheim is the birthplace of the polymath Johann Heinrich Boeckler (* December 13, 1611 in Cronheim; † September 12, 1672 in Strasbourg ) and of his brother, the architect Georg Andreas Böckler (* around 1617 in Cronheim; † February 21, 1687 in Ansbach ). They were the sons of the last Protestant pastor in Cronheim, Johann Boeckler, and his wife Magda Summer. Both made a name for themselves with numerous scientific writings. The father, who sometimes taught his children himself, was forced to resign from office in 1628 in the course of the Counter-Reformation energetically pursued by Johann Christoph von Westerstetten, and in 1634 he was finally expelled from Cronheim. Probably afterwards he stayed with his son Johann Heinrich in Strasbourg, where Georg Andreas also accompanied him. After Bach, his father, Simon, was already a Protestant pastor in Cronheim. The forced resignation from office and the subsequent expulsion of the Protestant pastor may be understood as a direct consequence of the edict issued by Emperor Ferdinand II in 1626 that “the Catholic religion in this place must not be changed forever”. In an almost ironic way, his son Emperor Ferdinand III appointed. Johann Heinrich Boeckler to the Imperial Council and Count Palatine in 1663 . Johann Heinrich Boeckler and his wife Susanna Schallesius left a son, Johann (* October 12, 1651, † April 19, 1701 in Stockholm ), professor of medicine in Strasbourg, and two daughters. Anna Maria was married to his student Ulrich Obrecht, professor of history and constitutional law in Strasbourg, Christine was married to Johann Georg Faust , professor of theology in Strasbourg. Grandchildren and great-grandchildren also held professorships in Strasbourg .

Architectural monuments

The steeple of the Cronheim church
The rectory, rebuilt in the late Baroque style in 1749
Former Jewish synagogue

Cronheim Castle

The former moated castle in its current form was built in 1564 by the lords of Leonrod and Friedrich von Eyb zu Eybburg . Today's facility is partly on a medieval residential tower, which was preceded by the Allodium Cronheim . Today the AWO Therapy Center and Museum is located in Cronheim Castle. The building is registered under the monument number D-5-77-136-149 as an architectural monument in the Bavarian monument list. The area around the castle is also designated as a ground monument under the number D-5-6929-0192.

Catholic parish church of St. Maria Magdalena

The choir tower church of St. Maria Magdalena , built around 1180, is essentially Romanesque . In 1666 the church was renewed and enlarged. The huge, three-storey tower, the end of which was built in the 18th century, is particularly eye-catching. The churchyard wall of the fortified church with the still existing archway dates back to the Middle Ages, but was removed to its current height in 1889. The church and the churchyard are registered under monument number D-5-77-136-148 and D-5-6929-0191, respectively.

St. Anna cemetery chapel

The cemetery with the St. Anna cemetery chapel was built in 1609 by Friedrich von Eyb zu Eyburg, changed in the 18th century and renewed in 1928. The complex is registered under the monument number D-5-77-136-150.

Allodium / historic rectory

What is known today as the vicarage, according to recent research, was originally the farmyard / Allodium of the Cronheim rulership and possibly even served the Hohenstaufen as royal court. Its construction probably dates back to around 1140, the time when Konrad von Staufen was the first of this important family to ascend the German royal throne. Following Schäfer's theory, however, the royal court lost its strategic importance shortly after it was built and was finally rented to the Eichstätt diocese , which used the building as a parsonage. In 1632 the outer bailey was sacked in the Thirty Years' War. The confused ownership (the old mansion belonged to the manor and was only rented by the church) prevented a quick reconstruction. Only when the manor was purchased on January 10, 1671, the diocese came into complete possession of the building, but even after that, the rebuilding was held back. In 1700 the pastor was furnished with an apartment in the dairy in the new Cronheim Castle .

It was not until 1749 that the reconstruction of the rectory began using the ground floor walls with the exception of the north wall, which had to be completely rebuilt. The late baroque building was built according to plans by Matthias Seybold and belonged to the diocese of Eichstätt until 2016 . The tithe barn belonging to the old outer bailey and parts of the old ring wall served as a fence for the kindergarten until the beginning of 2019, when it was partially demolished and replaced by a modern picket fence.

Plans are currently underway to renovate the historic rectory, which is now privately owned by a branch of the Lords of Rothenburg ( Enter -Freiburg). The building is registered under the monument number D-5-77-136-151.

Former synagogue

The former Jewish school and synagogue is a two-storey, gable-independent hipped roof building from 1816. The foundation stone was laid on the eve of Passover in 1816 , despite protests “in a proud location across from the rectory and across from the castle courtyard” . The building was extensively renovated in 2010 and is now one of the gems in the center of Cronheim. The current owner of the building is the AWO district association Roth-Schwabach e. V. The building is registered under monument number D-5-6929-0250.

Further architectural monuments

  • Residential house, single-storey, gable-roof construction, with corner pilasters and ornamented window frames, around 1890/1900. It is located to the right of the former synagogue and is registered under monument number D-5-77-136-153.
  • The farmhouse, a two-storey saddle roof building, adjoins the former defensive wall and was probably built in the 18th century. The building is registered under the monument number D-5-77-136-152.
  • The former “Judenhaus”, a two-story, gable-independent building with a half-hipped roof, was built in the early 19th century, probably by the Jewish Hubert family. The building is registered under monument number D-5-77-136-154.
  • The former station building on the Ludwig-Süd-Nordbahn, a two-storey sandstone block building with a hipped roof and a transverse saddle roof project, was built around 1868/70. Monument number D-5-77-136-156
  • Priest's grave from 1815, monument number D-5-77-136-150

Soil monuments

In the district of Cronheim there are ground monuments from prehistoric times, such as a jump in the north of the district (monument number D-5-6830-0129) and two grave mounds (monument number D-5-6929-0015 and D-5-6930- 0036) which have not yet been further investigated.

Facilities

  • Kindergarten Cronheim: The worker’s welfare organization is responsible for this.
  • Assisted living: The AWO Kreisverband Roth-Schwabach e. V.
  • Sociotherapeutic facility for chronically alcoholic people. The sponsor is the AWO Kreisverband Roth-Schwabach e. V.
  • Museum Mikrokosmos Cronheim, one village - three religions
  • Sports club Cronheim e. V. - Founding year 1962
  • Kulturverein Cronamer Dorfbühne e. V. - Founding year 1978

Photo gallery

  • Cronheim Castle

  • Residential building, monument No. D-5-77-136-153

  • 18th century farmhouse, monument no. D-5-77-136-152

  • Cemetery chapel around 1628, monument no. D-5-77-136-150

  • Former Jewish house, early 19th century, monument no. D-5-77-136-154

  • Cronheim Castle inner courtyard

  • "Hunger Tower" Cronheim Castle

literature

Web links

Commons : Kulturdenkmäler in Cronheim  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Home book of the city of Gunzenhausen. Gunzenhausen 1982, p. [244].
  2. ^ Yearbook for Franconian State Research. Degener, 1953, volumes 13-14, p. 28.
  3. ↑ Franz Joseph Mone: celtische research on the history of Central Europe, Freiburg, 1857, p 59
  4. ↑ Annual report of the historical association in the Rezat district, Volume 6, p. 29
  5. ^ District association of the workers welfare organization Roth-Schwabach: Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions. 2000, p. 38.
  6. ^ Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Gunzenhausen-Weißenburg . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria , part of Franconia . Series I, Issue 8. Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1960, DNB  452071089 , p. 32 ( digitized version ).
  7. ^ Karl Ried: Cronheim, a former aristocratic seat , Eichstätt 1934, p. 371
  8. ^ Karl Ried: Cronheim a former aristocratic seat , Eichstätt 1934
  9. ↑ Antiquitates Nordgavienses or Nordgauische Alterthümer und Merkölkerheiten, Volume 2, p. 427. Donation book online
  10. ↑ Bavarian Academy of Sciences: Sources and Discussions on Bavarian History, Volume 1, Munich 1856
  11. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: New general German Adels-Lexicon, Volume 2, p. 366.
  12. ^ District association of the workers welfare organization Roth-Schwabach: Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions. 2000
  13. ↑ Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions, page 22
  14. ↑ Markus Schäfer: "Who were Marquard and Adilbert von Cronheim", 2018, on http://www.cronheim.org/publikationen-news/
  15. ^ Dionys Albrecht: History von Hohenberg or St Odilien Berg , Strasbourg 1751, p. 318
  16. ↑ Württembergisches Urkundenbuch, Volume VI., No. 1708, Pages 110–111.
  17. ↑ Historologia Oettingana, Wallerstein, Volume 4, 1774, p. 339.
  18. ^ H. Schlund: Stetten. A village between Altmühl and Hahnenkamm. Ed. Obst- u. Horticultural Association Stetten-Maicha, from 1983.
  19. ↑ a b Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions - page 25
  20. ↑ Certificate, signature BU 2194, State Archive Würzburg
  21. ↑ Historical news of the origin and growth of salvation. Rom. Free city of Nuremberg. P. 173, Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1752.
  22. ↑ Ekkelins Knecht, screenplay: Peter Klewitz; Director: Reinhard Kungel; Camera: Nico Michel; Editor: Eberhard Nuffer; Running time: 110 minutes
  23. ↑ Bavarian Annals. Journal for Patriotic Studies, second year 1834. First half, p. 1034
  24. ↑ Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions - page 35
  25. ↑ Johann Gottfried Biedermann: genealogy of the Reichsfrey immediate knighthood of the Landes zu Franken praiseworthy place on the Altmühl. 1743.
  26. ↑ StArchiv-N, Rep. 205-0 Order of knights documents. No. 3100.
  27. ↑ StArchiv-N, Rep. 205-0 Order of knights documents. No. 3099.
  28. ↑ Württembergische Oberamtsbeschreibung, Crailsheim, 1884, p
  29. ^ Kindler von Knobloch, Julius; Baden Historical Commission [Ed.] Upper Baden gender book. Volume 1: A-Ha. Heidelberg, 1898, p. 501.
  30. ↑ Karl Heinrich von Lang: Historical network of the Rezatkreis: that is: the city buildings, regional and ruling courts of the Rezatkreis, 1834, p. 27.
  31. ↑ Johann David Köhler: Society of Our Dear Women on the mountain near Alt-Brandenburg.
  32. ^ Certificate: Nuremberg: Heilig-Geist-Spital, documents 719 in the European document archive Monasterium.net .
  33. ^ Kindler von Knobloch, Julius; Baden Historical Commission [Hrsg.]: Upper Baden gender book. Volume 1: A-Ha. - Heidelberg, 1898, p. 369.
  34. Jump up ↑ The Highness of the Teutsche Reichs Nobility, Volume III, p. 126, Bamberg, 1751
  35. ↑ Jakob Schuster: Detailed history of the religious complaints between those Roman Catholic and Protestant in the German Empire. P. 198, Leipzig 1722.
  36. ↑ Martin von Schaumberg: Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt 1560-1590, and the Trento reform. Aschendorff, 1965, p. 29.
  37. ^ Karl Heinrich von Lang: Historical network of the Rezatkreis: that is: the city buildings, regional and ruling courts of the Rezatkreis. Nuremberg 1834, p. 31.
  38. ↑ Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions - page 48.
  39. ↑ a b c d Franz Xaver Buchner : The Diocese of Eichstätt, historical-statistical description, based on the literature, the registry of the Episcopal Ordinariate Eichstätt and the parish reports, vol .: 1, Eichstätt, (1937)
  40. ↑ Flemming shock: Polyhistorism and colored writing: Popular forms of knowledge and colored writing. Pp. 149, 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-027876-7 .
  41. ↑ Bernd Vollmar: The German Palladio edition of Georg Andreas Böckler Nuremberg 1698: a contribution to the architectural theory of the 17th century. Historical Association for Middle Franconia, 1983.
  42. ↑ ohann A. Jaser: Thermologia Wemdingana, Ellwangen 1737
  43. ↑ Festschrift for the inauguration of the AWO facility: Building bridges Independent living in the Cronheim Castle Therapy Center - Inauguration of assisted living in the former synagogue with the mikveh (Jewish ritual bath) as a museum exhibit , May 28, 2011
  44. ^ Max Siebert: The Kingdom of Bavaria topographically and statistically in lexicographical and tabular form, p. 324, Munich, 1840
  45. ^ Official register of places for Bavaria, 1964, with statistical information from the 1961 census, column 783
  46. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 477 .
  47. ↑ a b c wiki-de.genealogy.net  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / wiki-de.genealogy.net  
  48. ↑ ulischubert.de
  49. ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Gunzenhausen district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  50. ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality register for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes for municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 714 .
  51. ^ Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Späth: Birth and Death Almanac Ansbach scholars, writers and scholars. Volume 1, p. 117, Augsburg 1796.
  52. ↑ astronomie-nuernberg.de
  53. ↑ Oliver Bach: Between salvation history and secular jurisprudence. 2014, Berlin. ISBN 978-3-11-035916-9 .
  54. ^ Lebens-Lauff Weiland des Hoch- Noble, / Gestrengen and highly learned Mr. Johann Boeckler. Strasbourg printed by Johann Friedrich Spoor
  55. ^ Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments : Former part of Leonrodsches Schloss. (PDF, accessed May 18, 2016).
  56. ↑ Microcosm of Cronheim: one village, three religions - page 23
  57. ↑ Markus Schäfer: " Interpretation of the castle drawing from 1661 ", Nov. 2017 on - http://cronheim.org/publikationen-news/
  58. ↑ a b Markus Schäfer: “ Cronheim - a stage destination for the Staufer? ", March 2019 on - http://cronheim.org/publikationen-news/
  59. ↑ Dr. theol. Karl Ride: Cronheim a former aristocratic residence p. 366
  60. ^ Cronheim rectory
  61. ↑ Moritz Heidenheim: A life between Judaism and Christianity, Chronos, 2008
  62. ^ Portrait of the Huber family

Remarks

  1. ↑ His father, Simon, was a Protestant pastor in Cronheim
  2. ↑ It must have been the Frühmesshaus, as the old rectory was in the manor house of the old Cronheim Castle, which was however sacked in 1632.