Marquard II. Schenk von Castell

The bishop in a portrait painting

Epitaph of Eichstatt Bishop Marquard II. Schenk von Castell in the Eichstätter cathedral cloister

Count Marquard II. Schenk von Castell (born August 10, 1605 in Liebenau near Augsburg , † January 18, 1685 in Regensburg ) was a German clergyman and Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt from 1637 to 1685.

ancestry

Like his successor and later Bishop Franz Ludwig Schenk von Castell, Marquard II came from the Schenk von Castell family . His parents were Johann Eberhard Schenk von Castell († around 1644) and his wife Katharina Hundbiß von Waltrams († 1648). His uncle Johann Ulrich Hundbiß von Waltrams († 1636) was cathedral dean in Eichstätt, his brother Johann Ulrich Schenk von Castell († 1658) was provost in Eichstätt and Augsburg. The later bishop of Eichstätt Johann Euchar Schenk von Castell (1625–1697) was his cousin.

Life

At the age of twelve he attended high school in Dillingen and was nominated for the Eichstätter cathedral chapter at the age of 16 . Three years later he became cathedral capitular and began studying theology at the University of Ingolstadt , which he continued a year later in Rome at the Germanicum . Since the climate there was not conducive to his health, he left Rome in 1627 and moved to Siena , where he also only studied briefly until 1628. He finally finished his training in Eichstätt with the Jesuits at the Collegium Willibaldinum .

On June 2, 1635 he was ordained a priest in Eichstätt. The chapter elected him on January 15, 1636 as cathedral dean. On October 21, 1636 he was elected coadjutor cum iure successionis , with the right to succeed Bishop Johann Christoph von Westerstetten . When he died on June 28, 1637, Marquard was automatically elected bishop. After papal confirmation, he was consecrated on January 10, 1638 in Eichstätter Cathedral as the 60th Bishop of Eichstätt.

Until his death he did a lot for the internal and external reconstruction of the city and the Eichstätt monastery after the destruction of the war in Sweden ; so the Guardian Angel Church with the adjoining Jesuit college was rebuilt under him in Eichstätt, the Dompropstei was built from 1672, the court mill and the chapter drinking room were rebuilt and the city wall and Willibaldsburg were repaired. He had the north wing of the St. Walburg Benedictine Monastery built, suggested the construction of a monastery garden and donated the high altar for the St. Walburg monastery and parish church. In 1671 he not only gave the Benedictine Abbey of Plankstetten new statutes, but also had the monastery church there restored at his own expense. Under him there was a boom in construction throughout the bishopric; several castles (e.g. Hofberg Palace in 1670) were rebuilt or renovated, churches and schools were rebuilt according to his instructions. He also enlarged the Hochstift through acquisitions.

In 1640 he had the Hortus Eystettensis reprinted, but only the copperplate plates with the plants and not the text pages.

After the Thirty Years' War an internal consolidation of his dominion was necessary, for which various decrees were used. He reorganized the administration of the bishopric and brought order to the broken finances through customs duties and taxes. In 1666 he had the "Hoch-Fürstliche Aychstättisch Holtz- und Forst -ordnung" printed from his predecessors. In 1674 he issued a mine and quarry order. In 1682 a new statute for the cathedral chapter followed (capitulum clausum on aristocratic provision).

To increase religiosity, he brought the Capuchins to Wemding and Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate and the Franciscans (OFM) to Dietfurt an der Altmühl and Freystadt .

From 1669 he worked as the Imperial Principal Commissioner at the Perpetual Reichstag in Regensburg . In this representative position he represented the emperor and therefore stayed mainly in Regensburg. The emperor valued his diplomatic skills and, out of gratitude, elevated the Marquards family to the rank of imperial count on March 1, 1681.

In 1673 he applied in vain for the vacant Mainz bishopric. Thereupon he became at least the cathedral provost of Mainz and thus had another source of income.

From 1680 he got more and more physical ailments. His request to the emperor for relief from the dignity of the principal was not fulfilled. Five years later he died while exercising his imperial office in Regensburg. A bronze portrait of Marquard II in a resting, half-raised position, designed by Gabriel de Gabrieli , is located on the north side of the east choir of Eichstätter Cathedral at the memorial for the three bishops from this family, which was built between 1729 and 1731; his epitaph can be found in the cloister of the cathedral. In both Regensburg and Eichstätt - here at the burial on February 8, 1685 - funeral sermons were held, which were printed.

Works

• Liber rituum ecclesiasticorum episcopatus Eystettensis ad normam ritualis Romani accommodatus . Ingolstadii / Ingolstadt 1662 (Latin)

literature

• Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : Counts of Castel (donation counts of Castel) ; in: ders .: German count houses of the present. In heraldic, historical and genealogical relation . Leipzig: TO Weigel, 1852; Volume 1: A-K, pp. 148-150
• Ernst Heinrich Kneschke: Castel, Counts of Castel, Donate Counts of Castel ; in: ders. (Ed.): Neues Allgemeine Deutsches Adels-Lexicon . Leipzig: Verlag Degener & Co., 1929; Volume 2: Boz-Ebe, pp. 234–235 (unchanged reprint of the work published by Friedrich Voigt in Leipzig from 1859–1870)
• Klaus Kreitmeir: The Bishops of Eichstätt , Eichstätt: Verlag der Kirchenzeitung 1992, pp. 78–80 *
• Bruno Lengenfelder: The Diocese of Eichstätt between Enlightenment and Restoration: Church and State 1773–1821 . Regensburg: Verlag F. Pustet, 1990 (Eichstätter Studies - NF; 28). ISBN 3-7917-1216-0
• Genoveva Rausch: The reorganization of the Eichstätt Monastery under Prince-Bishop Marquard II. Schenk von Castell (1637–1687): Reconstruction and administrative structures after the Thirty Years War (dissertation University of Munich, 2005). Regensburg: Verlag F. Pustet, 2007 (Eichstätter Studies - NF; 56). ISBN 978-3-7917-2092-0
• Ernst Reiter:  Marquard II. Count Schenk von Castell. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 239 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Julius Sax: The bishops and imperial princes of Eichstätt 745–1806 . Landshut: Verlag Krüll, 1884/1885 (2 vol.)
• Georg Schörner: Eichstätt. The residence and episcopal city in the Altmühltal . Ingolstadt: Verlag Donau Kurier, 1974. ISBN 3-920253-05-1
• Peter Zürcher: The bishopric elections in the prince-bishopric of Eichstätt from 1636 to 1790. Election events in the mirror domkapitelscher, dynastic and imperial state and imperial church politics (dissertation Catholic University Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, 2004/2005). Munich: Verlag CH Beck, 2008 (series of publications on Bavarian national history; 155). ISBN 978-3-406-10770-2

Web links

Commons : Marquard II. Schenk von Castell  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

predecessor	Office	successor
Johann Christoph von Westerstetten	Bishop of Eichstätt 1637 - 1685	Johann Euchar Schenk von Castell