Gabriel de Gabrieli

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Portrait of Gabriel de Gabrieli (copper engraving by Johann Jacob Haid 1725–1767)
Gabriel de Gabrieli. Monument at Residenzplatz Eichstätt
Gabrieli's house in Eichstätt
Gabrieli's tomb at the East Cemetery in Eichstätt

Gabriel de Gabrieli (born December 18, 1671 in Roveredo im Misox , Graubünden , † March 21, 1747 in Eichstätt ) was a Swiss prince-bishop Eichstätt's court building director of the Baroque .

Live and act

Gabrieli belonged to the group of master builders and plasterers from Graubünden who, almost without exception, emerged from the Misox since the 16th century and spread mainly into the German-speaking areas of Europe until the late 18th century.

Gabriel de Gabrieli completed his bricklayer apprenticeship from 1685 to 1689 with his father, master bricklayer Giovanni Gabrieli, from 1690 as a journeyman in Vienna, where the victory over the Turks of 1683 was celebrated in rich building activity. Here, under his uncle, the Bavarian court architect Enrico Zuccalli , Gabrieli was involved as a builder in the construction of a city palace and became a master about three to four years later.

From 1694 to 1705 Gabrieli was in the service of Prince Johann Adam Andreas von Liechtenstein in Vienna , first as a master mason and later as a builder. Here he was rarely self-employed, but had Domenico Martinelli's construction or conversion plans to be implemented.

Parallel to his work in Vienna, Gabrieli was already working as a master builder under a contract dated December 27, 1694 under the young Georg Friedrich , Margrave of Ansbach († 1703). He started his service in the autumn of 1695 after a long trip to Italy. His first independent buildings were built in the Margraviate, apart from his early work, the Wiener Sperckenbühl brewery. In 1703, under Margrave Wilhelm Friedrich von Ansbach , Gabrieli moved to Ansbach in the spring of 1706 after a stay in his home in Graubünden and after completing all work in Vienna. Here he devoted himself to numerous secular and sacred building tasks and was appointed Ansbach building director and court chamber councilor on December 10, 1709. Travels took him to Venice and possibly to France .

Gabrieli's most important buildings include the arcade courtyard, which was built between 1706 and 1709, and the south-east wing of the Ansbach Palace, which is in front of the old building from 1713 to 1716 .

On February 11, 1710 Gabrieli married Giovanna Marta Tini in his homeland and brought her to Ansbach. They had five children. In July 1715 Gabrieli's wife died of childbed fever giving birth to their son Adam Emanuel and was buried in the Catholic city of Herrieden . From his second marriage to Magdalena Pfaller, five more children were born.

As early as 1699 Gabrieli had applied for the renovation of the cathedral in the prince-bishop's residence city of Eichstätt, as well as in 1701 for the construction management of the cathedral in Ljubljana ; he received neither of the two orders. In 1702 Gabrieli applied again unsuccessfully for the position when the prince-bishop Eichstättische Hofbaumeister Jakob Engel temporarily worked in Neumarkt . Since Margrave Wilhelm Friedrich showed little interest in new building measures, Gabrieli again turned to Eichstätt in 1714, whose building stock still had wide gaps as a result of the Thirty Years War - this time with success. In the same year he was appointed director of the prince-bishop Eichstättischen Hofbauamt and entrusted by prince-bishop Johann Anton I. Knebel von Katzenelnbogen with the construction of the west facade of the Eichstätt cathedral .

With the appointment decree of April 25, 1714, Gabrieli finally moved to Eichstätt in 1715/1716 and developed extensive activities as court building director and court chamber councilor in the royal seat, in the bishopric and beyond until his death in 1747. Like no other architect, he shaped the baroque townscape of Eichstätts with his elegant buildings influenced by Viennese and Italian. His tomb, erected by Giovanni Domenico Barbieri , is in Eichstätter's east cemetery; a bronze copy of the local Gabrieli bust stands as a memorial on Eichstätter Residenzplatz. In his will, he determined the majority of his fortune to found a Latin school in his homeland in Graubünden.

His younger brother Franz de Gabrieli (* 1688; † 1726) worked as an architect under the Count of Oettingen-Spielberg until his death in 1726 . Another younger brother, Johann Caspar de Gabrieli , was a plasterer, u. a. in Obernzenn Castle , † August 3, 1713 in Schwaningen . His sister Caterina was married to the builder Antonio Salla since 1691 .

West facade of Eichstätt Cathedral
Eichstätt summer residence
Church of St. Nikolaus in Gersdorf

Works

In addition to the structures mentioned, Gabrieli's work is assumed (A) or is certain (G) for:

  • 1694–1698: Jokelsdorf in Moravia, church (construction management at Gabrieli; based on plans by Domenico Martinelli ; foreman: Gabrieli's brother-in-law Lorenzo Salle )
  • 1694–1705: Vienna , City Palace Kaunitz-Liechtenstein (G)
  • 1694–1704: Vienna, brewery on the Sperckenbühl in the Rossau (Gabrieli as architect; Lorenz Laher was in charge of construction )
  • 1695–1697: Triesdorf , margravial summer residence, cavalier house (A)
  • 1697–1710: Ansbach, garden house / Prinzenschlösschen of Hofrat Georg Christian von Seefried (G)
  • 1698–1705: New castle in Rudelsdorf / North Moravia (construction management at Gabrieli; based on plans by Domenico Martinelli; largely demolished in the 18th century)
  • 1699–1707: Dittenheim , Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. Peter and Paul (A)
  • 1700–1705: Vienna, orangery of the garden palace of Prince Kaunitz-Liechtenstein (G)
  • 1700: Ansbach, noble palace of Jaxtheim in Platenstraße (G)
  • 1702/03: Ansbach, new Reithaus building (A)
  • 1702–1704: Feldkirch in Vorarlberg, Liechtenstein office building (G)
  • until 1703: Ansbach, Brandenburger Hof post office (G)
  • 1706: Ansbach, completion of the Oberstjägermeisterei (G)
  • after 1706: Ansbach, Gasthaus zum Weißen Bock (G)
  • 1706–1709: Ansbach, margravial palace, Residenzhof galleries (G)
  • 1706/07: Gunzenhausen , renovation of the parish church (A)
  • 1708: Uffenheim , Evangelical Lutheran parish church of St. John the Baptist, preliminary design for new building (G), plan was not implemented; however 1711/1712 repairs (A)
  • 1709/10: Eckersmühlen , parish church (built by Lorenzo Salle on Gabrieli's order)
  • around 1710: Pfaffengreuth , summer house (G)
  • 1710/11: Obernzenn Seckendorff's Blue Castle , new building (G) (stucco: Gabrieli's brother Caspar de Gabrieli )
  • 1710/11: Heilsbronn , Münsterkirche (building by Lorenzo Salle on Gabrieli's order); therein high grave of Margrave Joachim Ernst, one of the few sculptural works by Gabrieli (G)
  • 1711: Burgoberbach , unrealized plan for church renovation (G)
  • 1712–1715: Thalmässing , Upper Parish Church of St. Michael (built by Lorenzo Salle on Gabrieli's order)
  • 1711–1718: Gräflich Seckendorffisch-Aberdar'sches or Blue Castle in Obernzenn , east wing (built by Johann Michael Haßbacher according to Gabrieli's plans )
  • 1713: Weihenzell , new church St. Jakob (G)
  • 1713–1715: Eybsche Vogelsburg near Rammersdorf (plans by Gabrieli)
  • 1713–1716: Ansbach , Residenzschloss, construction of the south-east wing (G)
  • 1713–1716: Windsheim , new town hall building, plans (authorship Gabrielis generally recognized; foreman: Johann Rigalia the Younger )
  • 1714: Auernhofen , branch church of St. Cross and St. Blasius (A)
  • Eichstätt, Dominican Monastery of St. Peter, west wing, staircase (G)
  • until 1716: Old Schwaningen Castle , conversions (under the direction of Gabrielis?)
  • from 1714: Eichstätt, Notre Dame monastery (G)
  • from 1715: Eichstätt, Augustinian Canons' Abbey Rebdorf, convent building and east wing ( Gabrieli-Hof ) (G)
  • around 1715: Eichstätt, Arzat-Gebsattel canon court on Domplatz
  • 1716–1718: Wernsbach , Evangelical Lutheran Church of St. Johannes (G)
  • 1715–1720: Schlossgut Inching , hall structure with onion dome oriel (G)
  • 1716–1718: Eichstätt, cathedral, west facade (G)
  • until 1717: Obermögersheim , Pfarrhof (G)
  • 1718–1724: New building of the pilgrimage church in Zöbingen in the Baldern rule (A: plans) (1737 partial demolition, 1782/83 modified completion)
  • 1718–1730: Bertoldsheim Palace (client: General Franz Fortunat von Isselbach ) (G)
  • around 1719: Rebdorf abbey , convent building (G)
  • around 1720: Eichstätt, Welden-Hof (today Evangelical Lutheran Parish Office) (G)
  • around 1720: Eichstätt, Notre Dame monastery church (G; together with Franz de Gabrieli and the Augsburg painter and friend Gabrielis Johann Georg Bergmüller )
  • Eichstätt, Hofstallungen (opposite Notre-Dame) (G)
  • 1720/21: Augsburg , cathedral, Marienkapelle (Pollheim chapel), (G: plans)
  • 1722: Mitteleschenbach , Walburgis Church (built according to Gabrieli's plans by Dominikus Salle and Johann Joseph Salle)
  • 1722: Eichstätt, Oberstjägermeisterei (G)
  • 1722/23: Hitzhofen , parish church (G; construction carried out by his foreman Johann Rigalia the Younger)
  • 1723: Paulushofen , parish church (G; construction carried out by his foreman Johann Rigalia the Younger)
  • 1723–1728: Allersberg , Gilardihaus (G)
  • 1724: Eichstätt, Notre Dame monastery, monastery school (G)
  • 1725: Gnotzheim , St. Georg Church (built on Gabrieli's order by Franz de Gabrieli )
  • 1725: Eichstätt, Alter Ulmer Hof on Residenzstrasse (G)
  • 1725–1728: Eichstätt, Schönborn-Hof (G)
  • 1726: Breitenbrunn , tower of the parish church (G; construction carried out by his foreman Johann Rigalia the Younger)
  • 1727: Eichstätt, Notre Dame monastery, boarding house wing (G)
  • 1727: Eichstätt, Heimbäckenhaus (G) (in the Pfahlstraße, former Stadtwerkehaus, in it today the lithography workshop of the city of Eichstätt)
  • 1728: Eichstätt, Court Chancellery on Residenzplatz (G)
  • around 1729: Weißenburg, baroque transformation of the hospital church of the Holy Spirit (G)
  • around 1730: Eichstätt, Ostein- Riedheim-Hof (G) (today Ordinariatsarchiv)
  • around 1730: Eichstätt, garden pavilion of the Domdechantei (A)
  • 1730: Eichstätt, Residenzplatz, Baroque transformation of the canon court Ulm (G)
  • 1730–1736: Eichstätt, Residenzplatz, south side, four Cavalier or ministerial courts (G)
  • 1730/1740: Eichstätt, Cobenzlschlösschen with garden pavilion (G)
  • after 1730: Eichstätt, Vicariate General at Residenzplatz (G) (now surveying office)
  • 1731: Eichstätt, cathedral, tomb of Ludwig Schenk von Castell (design by Gabrieli)
  • 1732: Eichstätt, Residenzplatz, east side, two canonical houses (G)
  • 1732: Eichstätt, Residenzplatz, Domherrenhof Dietrichstein (G)
  • 1733: Eichstätt, Gabrielis house (G)
  • 1733: Absberg Castle of the Teutonic Order (A)
  • 1735: Arberg , gate tower on the road from Ornbau (A)
  • 1735: Eichstätt, Marktplatz, Stadtpropstei (seat of the city judge) (G)
  • 1735–1737: Eichstätt, Prince-Bishop's summer residence (G)
  • 1736/37: Gersdorf , St. Nikolaus Church (G)
  • 1736: Eichstätt, Domherrnhof Schönborn (G) (today the Bishop's Palace)
  • 1737: Eichstätt, Groß'scher Domherrnhof (G)
  • 1737/38: Eichstätt, orangery at the summer residence (A)
  • 1739: Eichstätt, Frauenberg Chapel (G)
  • around 1740: Eichstätt, Dominican monastery, north wing, Rococo staircase (G)
  • 1740–1742: Beilngries, today's town hall
  • 1743/44: Abenberg care office , today town hall
  • around 1750: Eichstätt, pavilion of the Notre Dame monastery (probably built posthumously according to Gabrieli's plans)
  • 1751–1756: Spalt , dean's courtyard (posthumously according to Gabrieli's plans; today town hall)

Archival material

literature

  • Ute Dalibor: Gabriel de Gabrieli (1671-1747) . In: The Franconian Alb . 77, 4, 1997, pp. 227-232; same: On the work of the builder Gabriel de Gabrieli in Vienna and Ansbach . Dissertation. University of Würzburg. Bamberg 1993.
  • Rembrant Fiedler: Graubündner builders in the Hochstift Eichstätt . In: Michael Kühlenthal (Ed.): Graubündner builders and plasterers, contributions to researching their activities in Central Europe . Armando Dadò Editore , Locarno 1997, pp. 227-292.
  • Michael Kühlenthal (Ed.): Graubündner builders and plasterers. Armando Dadò Editore, Locarno 1997, v. a. Pp. 244-292
  • Friedrich Milke: Gabriel de Gabrieli and the art of building stairs . In: Collectaneen. 4, 2001, pp. 110-129.
  • Theodor Neuhofer: When did Gabrieli come to Eichstätt? In: Heimgarten. 23, No. 2, 1952.
  • Max Pfister: Master builder from Graubünden - pioneers of the Baroque In: Bündner Monatsblatt. Chur 1993, ISBN 3-7954-1037-1 , pp. 87-105.
  • Alexander Rauch: Eichstätts princely legacy: On the restoration and history of the Residenzplatz in: Festschrift for the restoration of the Residenzplatz in Eichstätt, Ed. Landbauamt Eichstätt, 1985, pages 42–63; the same: The Hochfürstlich-Eichstädtische Residenzplatz against the rise, remarks on the reality character of a late Baroque engraved vedute in: BRUCKMANNS PANTHEON, Internationale Jahresschrift für Kunst, Vol. IV, 1983, pages 335–345 .; the same: monuments in Bavaria. Volume 1.9 / 1. City of Eichstätt . Schnell & Steiner, Munich, Zurich 1989, ISBN 3-7954-1004-5 .
  • Collective sheet of the historical association Eichstätt . No. 60, 1962/1964, pp. 113-116. No. 62, 1967/1968, pp. 33f. No. 71/72, 1978/1979, pp. 54-60. No. 81/82, 1988/1989, pp. 83-132. No. 90, 1997, pp. 57-83.
  • Cesare Santi: Gabriele de Gabrieli. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . August 30, 2005 , accessed March 3, 2020 .
  • Arnoldo Marcelliano Zendralli: I magistri grigioni. Menghini, Poschiavo 1958, pp. 86-99.

Web links

Commons : Gabriel de Gabrieli  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Gabrieli, Gabriel de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION builder
DATE OF BIRTH December 18, 1671
PLACE OF BIRTH Roveredo
DATE OF DEATH March 21, 1747
Place of death Eichstatt