Rebdorf Abbey

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Rebdorf Abbey
Former monastery church “St. John the Baptist ”with a cloister facade from the west
Former monastery church “St. John the Baptist ”with a cloister facade from the west
location Pater-Moser-Strasse 3
Lies in the diocese Diocese of Eichstätt
Coordinates: 48 ° 53 '18.3 "  N , 11 ° 10' 0.5"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 53 '18.3 "  N , 11 ° 10' 0.5"  E
Patronage St. John the Baptist
founding year 1156 by Augustinian canons up to secularization on August 6, 1806.
Year of repopulation Bought in 1958 by the Congregation of the Sacred Heart Missionaries .

The monastery Rebdorf is a former Augustinian canons -Stift in Eichstaett in the Bavarian diocese of Eichstaett .

history

The baroque "Gabrieli-Hof" of the Augustinian Canons of Eichstätt
The prelature of the Rebdorf monastery with its rococo facade

Monastery of the Augustinian Canons

Rebdorf an der Altmühl first appeared in a document in 1055. In 1063 a church was consecrated in the village. In 1153, King Friedrich Barbarossa handed the imperial village over to Bishop Konrad I of Morsbach in Eichstätt . Around 1156 he founded the monastery consecrated to St. Johannes Baptist as an Augustinian canons monastery. It developed well mentally and economically. In 1239 the monastery was owned in 47 types of bishopric. In 1309 the last Count of Hirschberg , Gebhard VII., Was buried in the monastery church.

In need of reform, the monastery joined the Windesheim congregation in 1458 after much resistance . According to the Kirschgarten Chronicle (around 1500) by Prior Johannes Heydekyn von Sonsbeck , the Bishop of Eichstätt asked canons from the Kirschgarten Monastery (Worms) to reform Rebdorf. Rebdorf Monastery achieved an important position in humanism with the priors Hieronymus Rotenpeck and Kilian Leib . The canons also looked after the neighboring Augustinian Choir Monastery of Marienstein , founded in 1460 .

The monastery complex suffered severe damage in the Thirty Years' War . The reconstruction took place in the 18th century. In 1732 the Romanesque monastery church of St. John the Baptist was rebuilt in the Baroque style, and the princely Eichstätter building director Gabriel de Gabrieli erected new convent buildings , which form a 183-meter-long castle-like facade towards the Altmühl. Since then the old refectory with good baroque stucco has been attached to the medieval cloister . In the former prelature with its representative rococo facade (around 1730) is a stucco and fresco-decorated ballroom from 1731. Behind the monastery church, the so-called Gabrielihof was built with beautiful arcades.

After secularization

The monastery was dissolved on August 6, 1806 in the course of secularization . At this point in time, the property comprised 191 daytime meadows, 533 daytime fields and 2,040 daytime forests. The monastery church was profaned - which was later reversed - and the furnishings were moved to other locations; Altars were sold to Hausen and Rögling , for example . The ownership changed several times after the secularization. In 1824, Duke von Leuchtenberg Auguste de Beauharnais acquired the building. In 1855 the Bavarian state took over the monastery building and set up a workhouse here in 1857 . Until 1859 this labor institution was subordinate to the forced labor institution in Kaisheim . In 1923 480 prisoners were kept in Rebdorf. On May 21, 1945, the Rebdorf workhouse was confiscated by the American military government. They set up a refugee camp, especially for Lithuanians. During this time the building deteriorated more and more. Large parts of the facility were abducted by refugees. The Lithuanian refugees founded a Lithuanian grammar school in the camp. The later President of Lithuania Valdas Adamkus also graduated from high school there. In 1949 the building was returned to the Free State of Bavaria by the military government. In 1951 the I. Department of the Bavarian riot police was set up in Rebdorf Abbey . The riot police stayed in Rebdorf until 1956. During the whole time Rebdorf was still a workhouse.

Again a monastery, with a school

Photographer Alexander Constantin Mühlbauer
Extension of the school, Rebdorf

This remained so until 1958 when the Congregation of the Sacred Heart Missionaries bought the facility. Between 1959 and 1963 , the Munich architect Franz Kießling restored the monastery and the church. In 1977 Franz Kießling expanded the school by building an extension in the eastern part of the area.

In 1959 a boys' secondary school with boarding school was set up. The boarding school was operated until 2007, the school until today. In 1990 the diocese of Eichstätt took over the sponsorship of the school and in 2003 bought the system from the order. In 2014 the Maria-Ward girls 'secondary school moved from Eichstätter Residenzplatz to Rebdorf and has since formed a school center with the Rebdorf boys' secondary school . There are three brothers living in the monastery today.

A historic flood path runs across the meadows between the former monastery and the foot of the eastern Altmühlhang . The branch line between Eichstätt-Bahnhof and Eichstätt-Stadt has been running there since 1885, and was only converted to standard gauge in 1932.

Well-known members of the foundation

Well-known members of the foundation were:

  • Provost Silvester von Passau (r. 1448-1454), who wrote "Meditationes de Passione Christi" (Meditations on the Passion of Christ),
  • Kilian Leib (* 1471; † 1553), prior from 1503, who was in contact with the most important scholars of humanism and wrote several writings and a diary (1513–1531) - an important meteorological document because of the exact weather observations,
  • Maximilian Münch (* 1743; † 1791), author of historical writings,
  • Michael Stein (* 1747; † 1779), author of historical writings, member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences ,
  • Provost Erhard Räm (r. 1711–1732), who commissioned the baroque redesign,
  • Hieronymus Rotenpeck († 1773), praised by contemporaries as the second Cicero who u. a. wrote a Latin metric ,
  • Andreas Strauss (* 1751; † 1805), monastery librarian and author of several works that became important for local historians and geographers.

Former monastery library

Books from the Rebdorf Abbey Library in the Eichstätt University Library

Rebdorf is famous worldwide for its former monastery library. It was considered to be one of the most important religious libraries in Germany. In the reform efforts of the 15th century, which were about a renewal of the spiritual and spiritual life, Rebdorf was part of a network of monasteries that copied important works of mystical-ascetic literature and then loaned them out to be copied. Refer to handwriting relationships a. on the reform monasteries Pillenreuth and Tegernsee , for example in the transmission of important Tauler texts. Under Prior Kilian Leib, the library holdings were expanded in the 16th century, particularly with a view to humanistic interests. In the following years the library was expanded and provided the basis for numerous scholarly studies. Around 1800 it comprised 30,000 volumes and almost 800 manuscripts, numerous incunabula and a Gutenberg Bible . The end of the library came with secularization in 1806; the library had previously been looted by the French army in the summer of 1800. The stocks, so far saved, are now scattered across Europe and the USA.

Monastery church "St. John the Baptist"

construction

Towers and west facade of St. John's Church

The construction of the church began in the second half of the 12th century. The lower parts of the towers date from the 1st half of the 13th century; their degrees were changed in the 15th century and redesigned in baroque style in the 18th century. The baroque transformation of the church was carried out by Matthias Seybold in 1732–1734. The church, which was secularized in 1806, deteriorated until it was used as the institutional church of the then workhouse in 1855. It remained in this capacity until 1958, when the Sacred Heart Missionaries made it their monastery church and at the same time used it as a church for the Eichstätt-Rebdorf Curate . 1961–1963 it was restored by the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation. In 2007–2009 the roofs and the roof truss were renovated, followed by another interior renovation with redesign of the altar area from 2010/11 to October 2013. The church was able to return to its intended purpose on Christ the King Sunday, November 24, 2013.

Today's appearance

During the interior renovation between 2010 and 2013, greater emphasis was placed on restoring the wall and ceiling paintings as well as the stucco to the original state of the Baroque style from 1732 to 1734. The colors on the wall and ceiling were painted over during the renovation in 1961 and only exposed again in 2012. They represent the valuable original colors of the Baroque era from 1732 to 1734. The frescoes were painted by Joseph Dietrich at the same time and they have also been thoroughly restored. The central group of figures in the high altar represents a crucifixion group by Andreas Frosch from 1519, it is on loan from Donauwörth. A late Gothic Madonna figure serves as the center of the left side altar. All over the church there are gravestones that go back to the 15th century and remind of various people associated with the monastery.

The church is the parish church of the parish of St. Johannes (Rebdorf). In 2003 the parish in Rebdorf itself comprised 787 Catholics, with Marienstein, Wasserzell , Blumenberg (Eichstätt) and the children's village Marienstein a total of 1801 Catholics.

organ

Sandtner organ

The organ was built in 1979 by the organ building company Sandtner . It has two manuals and a pedal.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
Principal 8th'
Octav 4 ′
Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Octav 2 ′
Mixture III
Pommer 16 ′
Tube bare 8th'
recorder 4 ′
Trumpet 8th'
II upper structure C – g 3
Reed flute 8th'
Principal 4 ′
Field whistle 2 ′
Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
Sesquialter II
Scharff IV
Quintad 8th'
Schalmey 8th'
Dulcian 16 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Dumped 8th'
Principal bass 16 ′
Octave 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Mixture III 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
trombone 16 ′

Bells

The bells of the Rebdorf abbey church sounded
No. Surname Casting year Caster Weight
(kg) 		Nominal
( HT - 1 / 16 ) 		tower
1 Sacred Heart of Jesus 1989 Karlsruhe bell and art foundry 1,724 it 1 North
2 Augustine 1989 Karlsruhe bell and art foundry 982 ges 1 North
3 martyr 1989 Karlsruhe bell and art foundry 706 as 1 North
4th benefactor 1989 Karlsruhe bell and art foundry 495 b 1 North
5 Peter and Paul 1504 unknown (loan bell) 354 c 2 south
6th Marien 1954 Karl Chudnochowsky, Erding 193 it 2 south
7th Johannes d. baptist 1954 Karl Chudnochowsky, Erding 193 f 2 south

literature

  • JE Weis-Liebersdorf: Rebdorf manuscripts in Paris and Munich. In: Collection sheet of the Historical Association Eichstätt. 24, 1909, ISSN  0936-5869 , pp. 58-60.
  • Josef Hollweck: Contributions to the history of the Rebdorf monastery. In: Collection sheet of the Historical Association Eichstätt. 39, 1914, pp. 47-64.
  • Norbert Backmund: The canons and their monasteries in Bavaria. Augustinian Canons, Premonstratensians, Canons of the Holy Spirit, Antonites. Neue-Presse-Verlags-Gesellschaft, Passau 1966, pp. 119–123.
  • Theodor Neuhofer, Peter Steiner, Ludwig Krottenthaler: 800 years Rebdorf Abbey. (= Grosse Kunstführer. Vol. 51, ZDB -ID 259293-9 ) Schnell & Steiner, Munich a. a. 1967.
  • Hans Baier: The destruction of the Rebdorf library. In: Historical sheets for the city and district of Eichstätt. 17, 1968, ZDB -ID 1258461-7 , pp. 15-20.
  • kh (di: Konrad Held): The first Rebdorf prior after the reform: Johann Herden . In: Historical sheets for the city and district of Eichstätt. 25, 1976, No. 3, p. 12.
  • Helmut Hawlata, Alois Wittig (Red.): The Eichstätter area in past and present. 2nd expanded edition. Funk-Druck, Eichstätt 1984, pp. 271-274 (with a detailed bibliography).
  • Michael Petzet (Ed.): Monuments in Bavaria. Ensembles, architectural monuments, archaeological site monuments. Volume 9, 1: Alexander Rauch : City of Eichstätt. Schnell & Steiner, Munich a. a. 1989, ISBN 3-7954-1004-5 , pp. 192-199.
  • Theresia Bittl u. a .: Andreas Strauss - the last librarian of the Augustinian Canons Rebdorf. In: Collection sheet of the Historical Association Eichstätt. 83, 1990, pp. 61-76.
  • Josef Höcherl: Rebdorf's canons of the Windesheim period 1458–1853 (= collector's sheet of the Eichstätt Historical Association. 85). Historical Association Eichstätt, Eichstätt 1992, (with bibliography).
  • Christina Grimminger: Monastery and parish church of St. John the Baptist Rebdorf, Eichstätt (= Little Art Guide No. 834). 7th revised edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2003, ISBN 3-7954-4561-2 .
  • Andreas Forster: Our Rebdorf. Memories of a beautiful youth. Extended (private) edition. 2004.
  • Josef Ettle: The Rebdorfer Odlpumper - forced labor facility and workhouse from 1857 to 1958 , publisher: Historischer Verein Eichstätt 2007, ISSN 0936-5869
  • Hermann Bauer , Frank Büttner, Bernhard Rupprecht (ed.): Corpus of baroque ceiling painting in Germany. Volume 13: Christina Grimminger: Free State of Bavaria, Administrative Region Upper Bavaria, District of Eichstätt. Hirmer, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-7774-4475-8 , pp. 391-424.
  • Simon Falch: The sermon oeuvre of the Rebdorf Augustinian canon Balthasar Boehm († 1530). Approaches to the design of sample sermon collections from the late Middle Ages (= Vita regularis - orders and interpretations of religious life in the Middle Ages. Treatises, 72). LIT-Verlag, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-643-14045-6
  • Ina Schönamsgruber: The library of the Augustinian Canons Rebdorf. In: Helmut Flachenecker, Dietmar Grypa (ed.): School, university and education. Festschrift for Harald Dickerhof on his 65th birthday. Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg 2007, ISBN 3-7917-2117-8 , pp. 163-197.

Web links

Commons : Rebdorf Abbey  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On Johannes Heydekyn von Sonsbeck
  2. ↑ Website for the Kirschgarten Chronicle
  3. ^ Ottokar Lorenz: Germany's historical sources in the Middle Ages , 1886, reprint 2011, ISBN 3-86382-261-7 , page 133; Scan from the source
  4. ↑ Ettle, Josef: Die Rebdorfer Odlpumper - Forced Labor Institute and Workhouse from 1857 to 1958 , page 12
  5. ↑ a b Ettle, Josef: Die Rebdorfer Odlpumper - Forced Labor Institute and Workhouse from 1857 to 1958 , page 11
  6. ↑ Ettle, Josef: Die Rebdorfer Odlpumper - Forced Labor Institute and Workhouse from 1857 to 1958 , page 16
  7. ↑ a b c Ettle, Josef: Die Rebdorfer Odlpumper - Forced Labor Institute and Workhouse from 1857 to 1958 , page 17
  8. ↑ Ettle, Josef: Die Rebdorfer Odlpumper - Forced Labor Institute and Workhouse from 1857 to 1958 , page 18
  9. ↑ St. Johannes, Eichstätt-Rebdorf. Retrieved July 26, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Maria-Ward moves to Rebdorf , at www.bistum-eichstaett.de , accessed on March 25, 2016
  11. ↑ Rebdorf on www.msc-salzburg.at , accessed on 25 March 2016
  12. ↑ Hochwassersteg is a single monument , at www.donaukurier.de , accessed on September 4, 2017
  13. ↑ See: Siegfried Ringler : Viten- und Revelationliteratur in women's monasteries of the Middle Ages. Sources and studies (= Munich texts and studies on German literature of the Middle Ages 72). Artemis, Zurich a. a. 1980, ISBN 3-7608-3372-1 , pp. 55-59, pp. 62f. See also: Adolf Spamer : About the decomposition and inheritance in the German mystic texts. Giessen 1910, pp. 85-92, pp. 95f. (Giessen, Univ., Diss., 1908).