Jacob Engel

Jakob Engel (also: Jacomo Angelini ) (baptized September 15, 1632 in Monticello di San Vittore ; † November 30, 1714 in Eichstätt ; also Giacomo Angelini ) was a Baroque master builder from Graubünden , who in particular shaped the episcopal city of Eichstätt as a “baroque jewel”.

Live and act

He or his family came from the Misox Valley in Graubünden. His parents were Domenico and Angelica Angelini. In 1661, perhaps as early as 1659, he came to Eichstätt as a master bricklayer, where, as "Schanzmeister", he was at least partially in charge of the construction of the bastions of Willibaldsburg as the most urgent construction measure during the war. Subsequently, he received orders to erect official buildings in the royal seat and from 1688 he was the “High Princely Builder and Mason” of the Eichstatt Prince-Bishop. Together with the later Graubünden master builder Gabriel de Gabrieli , he significantly shaped the baroque image of the city of Eichstätt, but also radiated into the closer and wider region. At the turn of the century he received his largest building contract, the new construction of the prince-bishop's city residence (today district office). The corner oriels , polygonal or square, often with a domed or onion helmet , are characteristic of his buildings . The buildings are mostly emphasized almost rigidly in the horizontal plane by means of ribbons ; triangular and segmented gables alternate with the windows . While he only created a single sacred space in Eichstätt with the hospital church, he built many churches in the surrounding area himself, or they were built or converted according to his plans.

Jakob Engel, who never became a citizen of Eichstätt but always remained a member of the prince-bishop's court, married Anna, daughter of the Augsburg messenger Johann Jakob Mayr, in Eichstätt on November 10, 1671. After her untimely death on April 3, 1685, he married again, on June 10, 1686, Walburga, widow of Hofrat Johann Baptist Heugel, who ran a general store. From this marriage, Jakob Engel's only child, a daughter Anna Maria Angelika, was born; Godmother was the wife of the Eichstatt sculptor Christian Handschuher , Barbara. Walburga also died long before him, on May 25, 1701.

Sometimes he also worked with his brother Karl Engel . In Eichstätt he hired master mason Hans Schönauer (* 1660; † 1727) several times .

Buildings

Hirschberg Castle, east wing (center) and north wing (left) by Jakob Engel

• around 1665: Eichstätt, Willibaldsburg, bastions, construction management probably in Engel's hands
• 1668: Obereichstätt , fixtures in the rectory
• 1669/1670: Obermässing , Prince-Bishop's Palace (now in ruins), plan and construction management
• after 1670: Prince-Bishop's hunting lodge in Hirschberg , extension of the hall building (east wing), north wing, corner bay window
• 1672: Eichstätt, Dompropstei (now Episcopal Ordinariate), baroque two-wing corner building with polygonal corner bay window
• 1675: Eichstätt, Domherrenhof Speth (now Gasthaus "Krone"), closed four-wing complex, three-storey gable building with corner bay window and eaves-sided wing, probably by Jakob Engel, facing Domplatz
• 1677/1678: Mörnsheim , rectory
• 1677–1685: Abenberg , St. Peter's Monastery Church and the Augustinian Choir Monastery, rebuilt after fire over remains of the 15th century
• 1678: Beilngries , Fürstbischöfliches Bräuhaus, main building, stately steep-gable building, five-storey gable, backwards with elevator hatches, corner bay window, probably by Jakob Engel
• 1679: Arlesheim , plans for cathedral and canon house (allocation of the cathedral uncertain)
• Eichstätt, Walburgistiege, outside staircase to the monastery and pilgrimage church of St. Walburg, undated
• around 1680: Gempfing , St. Veit parish church, high altar
• Plans for the reconstruction of the Ornbau church , implemented by his brother Karl Engel in 1680/81
• 1680–1685: Eichstätt, Marktgasse 9, residential building, corner building with corner core
• 1680: (Not implemented) cracks for the new building of Oettingen-Spielberg Castle
• 1681: Sappenfeld , branch church, tower
• 1681–1683: Bettbrunn , pilgrimage church St. Salvator, octagonal tower structure and dome
• 1683/1684: Rupertsbuch , parish church, renovation
• 1684/1685: Berching , Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary, reconstruction plan
• 1685: Buxheim , parish church of St. Michael, elevation of the church tower probably according to Engels' plans
• 1687–1689: Pietenfeld , parish church St. Michael, extensive new building, plans and site management
• 1687–1689: Pleinfeld , Mautnerhaus
• 1688: Eichstätt, redesign of the Ulmer Hof into a baroque city ​​palace
• 1688: forehead , rectory; Parish church, draft
• 1689: Hausen (Greding) , church, nave and tower elevation
• 1690: Eichstätt, Speth'scher Domherrenhof, hipped roof building with corner bay window
• 1690–1691: Osterberg , branch church, renovation
• 1691/1692: Möckenlohe , parish church, tower, construction management
• 1693–1695: Beilngries , parish church of St. Walburg, new nave construction, site management
• 1694: Eichstätt, Vizedomamt, baroque building with hipped roof and polygonal corner bay, built by Jakob Engel on the basis of the previous buildings from 1634 and 1586
• 1694: Hofstetten Castle , Prince-Bishop's Hunting Lodge, Weiherhaus, three-storey, simple three-wing building, probably by Jakob Engel
• 1694–1696: Untermässing , parish church, reconstruction, overhead line
• 1695: Eichstätt, Willibaldsbrunnen , four-pass basin with central column
• around 1695: Eichstätt, town house in the current Luitpoldstraße 29, corner building with polygonal corner bay window
• 1696: Greding , prince-bishop's hunting lodge (temporarily tax office), baroque two-wing complex, two-storey, above it mezzanine floor, at the southeast corner a polygonal oriel tower, probably by Jakob Engel
• 1696: Pleinfeld , parish church, tower, construction management
• 1697/1698: Wettstetten , parish church, plans and overhead management, rectory, plans
• 1698/1699: Gerolfing , rectory, plan
• 1698–1703: Eichstätt, Hl. Geist-Spitalkirche , baroque wall pillar construction in structural unit with the four-storey hospital building
• 1698/1699: gap , parish church St. Emmeram, reconstruction (plan), main altar (draft)
• 1699: Nassenfels Castle , Kastnerhaus (today ruins)
• 1699: Greding , town hall, two-storey baroque gable building with roof turret, probably by Jakob Engel
• End of the 17th century: Bechthal , Catholic branch church St. Margaretha, reconstruction of the nave and redesign of the upper floor of the tower, probably by Jakob Engel
• 1700: Abenberg , parish church, plan
• 1701/1702: Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz , Hofkirche, conversion of the nave (plans, management)
• 1703–1705: Denkendorf , parish church St. Laurentius, plans
• 1702–1707: Eichstätt, Prince-Bishop's Residence (now District Office), large baroque three-wing complex attached to the south side of the cathedral, west and east wings by Jakob Engel
• 1707: Adelschlag , St. Andreas Church, plans
• 1707: Pfalzpaint , Catholic branch church St. Andreas, new nave building, elevation of the tower (plans)
• 1707: Titting , Prince-Bishop's Palace (today Gutmann Brewery )
• 1708: Preith , parish church, tower, draft
• 1709/1710: Altendorf near Mörnsheim , pilgrimage church “Mariä End”, nave extension and elevation, plans
• 1710: Schlösschen Inching , country residence of Eichstätter canons, ( supplemented by Gabriel de Gabrieli 1715–20 with a hall on the second floor).
• 1710ff .: Pfünz , Prince Bishop's Summer Palace , three-storey rectangular complex with oriel towers
• Without dating: Filialkirche Schernfeld ; Bell tower in Breitenbrunn (Upper Palatinate) ; Convent and prelature of the Plankstetten Benedictine Abbey ; Parish and pilgrimage church Pettenhofen ; Tower end of the church of Seuversholz ; Tower construction of the Buchenhüll pilgrimage church

literature

• Hugo A. Braun: The hospital church of the Holy Spirit in Eichstätt . In: Heilig-Geist-Spital Eichstätt. Eichstätt 1978, pp. 71-80, especially p. 72
• Erich Herzog:  Engel, Jakob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 502 f. ( Digitized version ).
• The Eichstätter area past and present . Eichstätt: Sparkasse Eichstätt 2nd edition 1984
• Max Pfister: Master builder from Graubünden - pioneer of the baroque . Chur: Verlag Bündner Monatsblatt 1993, pp. 89-93, 218f.
• Gabriele Schmid: The Eichstätter Hofbaumeister Jakob Engel (1632–1714). A contribution to southern German building history after the Thirty Years' War. Augsburg: AV-Verlag 1987, ISBN 3-925274-10-3 (also Diss. University of Hamburg 1987); the same: Jacobo Angelini - Jakob Engel. A Graubündner as court architect in Eichstätt , St. Ottilien: Editions Sankt Ottilien 2019 (contributions to the history of the diocese of Eichstätt; 1) ISBN 978-3-8306-7926-4 .

Web links

Commons : Jakob Engel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Hans-Rudolf Heyer: Jakob Engel. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . October 24, 2005 .