Obermässing

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Obermässing
City of Greding
Coordinates: 49 ° 6 ′ 47 ″  N , 11 ° 18 ′ 24 ″  E
Height : 403 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 728  (December 9, 2019)
Incorporation : January 1, 1972
Postal code : 91171
Area code : 08469
Obermässing (Bavaria)
Obermässing

Location of Obermässing in Bavaria
Obermässing with Hofberg
Obermässing with Hofberg
Parish Church of the Assumption of Mary
Interior of the parish church
Grave slab of Berthold von Mässingen; † 1285
Former box house (and former school)
Former rectory at Am Kirchplatz 2
Nepomuk statue at the Schwarzach Bridge
Obermässinger Seldenhaus in the Franconian Open Air Museum Bad Windsheim

Obermässing is a district of the town of Greding in the Middle Franconian district of Roth in Bavaria .

location

The parish village is located west of the plateau of the southern Franconian Jura , which extends between the Schwarzachtal and Sulztal in the Altmühltal Nature Park , in the valley on both sides of the Schwarzach and on the right slope of the valley.

Place name interpretation

Karl Kugler interprets the basic form “Mässing” of the place name as “the property of Mazzo”. The name "Ober" mässing was given to the village to distinguish it from Unter- or Niedermässing, "which is half an hour of it further down on the Schwarzach river to the west."

history

About one kilometer north of today's village was the “Greuth” moated castle in the Carolingian-Ottonian period (approx. 10th or early 11th century). Written evidence of this has not been preserved, according to archaeological findings it represented an important traffic interface. "Mazzingen" is mentioned for the first time on April 2, 1068, in the endowment document for St. John's Chapel , which the Eichstatt Bishop Gundekar II. On the south side of the Eichstätter Domes was built as his burial chapel and consecrated in 1062 ; The noble Richlint gave Gundekar, among other things, her estate in the village, which Gundekar gave to the foundation of the chapel. The village was one of those border towns within which King Heinrich IV. 1080 gave the bishop of Eichstätt the ban on wild animals. From 1122 the local nobility of Mässingen can be traced. Several family members joined the Teutonic Order in Ellingen . Therefore, in 1281 the last Mässinger, Perchtold / Berthold, bequeathed his property in Obermässing and the castle to the Teutonic Order, who set up a commandery here at the latest in 1287 according to Berthold's last will . The first Commander of Obermässing was called Marquart. The new settlement was soon consolidated through gifts and bequests from neighboring noble families, but also from the Burgraves of Nuremberg and the Dukes of Bavaria . Therefore, between 1307 and 1314, the Obermässinger order house was built. The necessary wood was allowed to be felled in the forests of the Teutonic Order in Ellingen and Nuremberg. The first Obermässinger Komtur was Friedrich von Wemding (1308-1361). In 1337 Konrad and Friedrich von Heideck founded a perpetual mass in Obermässing and gave, among other things, a farmstead with a garden and a field in Obermässing. In 1465, Bishop Wilhelm von Reichenau acquired the Teutonic Order from the Obermässinger Komtur Burkhart von Erlingshofen with the consent of the order and with the consent of the Landshut Duke Ludwig the Rich , as the castle was under his protection and umbrella. In the following year, the bishop acquired the blood spell over Obermässing and set up a high court here. He built a new palace on the Hofberg as a summer residence, where he fell ill during his last stay and died on November 14, 1496. In 1521 Obermässing was one of those four Eichstättischen Hochstift sorts in which a total of "600 buckets" of wine were made.

During the Peasants' War on April 21, 1525, rebellious peasants who had come together in the "Mässinger Haufe" took the castle by a ruse, plundered it and set up a camp here. The box house in the village was also looted. On May 2, 1525, Count Palatine Friedrich II recaptured Obermässing Castle and had several of the farmers' captains beheaded on the spot; a little later the whole movement was crushed. In 1566, Bishop Martin von Schaumberg built a new rectory. In 1580 the bishopric was able to expand its holdings in Ober- and Niedermässing by acquiring the bailiwick , the court and the patronage rights from Hans Konrad von Absberg . A schoolmaster is mentioned in 1602 and 1623. Dominikus Salle built a new rectory in 1768 . In the same year the schoolhouse was demolished and a new one was built by 1769.

At the end of the Old Kingdom , Obermässing consisted of 68 properties belonging to the Obermässing maintenance and caste office, namely from

  • 5 whole farms,
  • 2 semi-farms,
  • 20 Köbler goods,
  • 29 Seldengüter,
  • 1 grinder,
  • 8 empty houses ,
  • 1 bathing property,
  • 1 forge and
  • 1 shepherd's house.

In addition, there was the church, the rectory, the schoolhouse, the 36 meter long and three storey high box house already built by the Teutonic Order, the nursing home on the Hofberg and the forester's house. An Obermässinger Seldenhaus is now in the Franconian Open Air Museum in Bad Windsheim .

After the bishopric of Eichstätt was dissolved in the course of secularization in Bavaria , Obermässing and the former lower bishopric came to Grand Duke Archduke Ferdinand III in 1802 . from Tuscany , who sold Obermässing Castle, and in 1806 to the new Kingdom of Bavaria and there to the Beilngries Regional Court . A tax district of Obermässing was formed here in 1808 , which was divided into two rural communities in 1811 , namely Obermässing and Untermässing. The parish village of Obermässing with the castle, the Rotheneichmühle and the Wirthsmühle belonged to the municipality of Obermässing . The parish edict of 1818 left it at that.

In the 19th and well into the 20th century, the number of residential buildings in Obermässing was around 80. In 1826 the Obermässing Community and Church Foundation acquired the former box house and set up a school here that existed until the 1960s 1964/65 was replaced by a new building. In 1836 there were 22 Jews in four houses, in 1875 there were only five. In 1846 Eduard Vetter describes the parish village as follows: “Catholic. 80 houses, 108 families, 468 souls, with a parish and school. 1 brewery, 1 surgeon, 2 millers, 1 innkeeper, 1 bather, 3 bakers, 1 iron merchant, 1 potter, 2 carpenters, 5 shopkeepers, 1 bricklayer, 2 butchers, 1 shepherd, 1 blacksmith, 5 tailors, 1 shoemaker, 1 rope maker , 1 Wagner, 1 midwife. “In 1871 there were 426 inhabitants in Obermässing and (1973) 25 horses and 314 cattle.

In 1857, the two municipalities of Obermässing and Untermässing, along with another six municipalities, were removed from the Beilngries regional court and assigned to the nearby Greding regional court . The next change came with the regional reform in Bavaria : On January 1, 1972, the municipality of Obermässing and its districts were incorporated into the city of Greding.

In the first few years after the Second World War , the population had temporarily risen sharply due to refugees and displaced persons, it was 527 in 1950. The population rose permanently due to new settlement areas since the 1960s. In 1974 the land consolidation began , in 1976 the sewer system was built in the village .

Hochstiftisches Pflegeamt Obermässing

For Obermässing and the surrounding villages of the lower bishopric, the court chamber of the bishopric Eichstätt established the Obermässing care office. The respective aristocratic caretaker resided in Obermässing Castle on the edge of the Hofberg above the town, while the box already built by the Commandery for the duties from the places under the care office stood at the parish church and was administered by a noble Kastner. In 1548 this was Hans von Schafhausen; the epitaph of the deceased in 1553 and his wife, a work by Loy Hering , is in the parish church. The castle, completely destroyed in the Thirty Years War in 1633 (1634?), Was rebuilt by Prince-Bishop Marquard II Schenk von Castell until 1670. After secularization in Bavaria , it was auctioned for demolition in 1804. With regard to blood jurisdiction, the Obermässinger nurse was not only responsible for the area of ​​his own care and caste office, but also for the Hochstiftische Kastenamt Jettenhofen , which also administered the Hochstiftische Hofmark Thannhausen . The Obermässinger nurse and his Kastner administered 22 places of their own nursing and caste office, in some cases with only a few or even only one subject.

After the 15th century repeatedly with the neighboring office of mayor Neumarkt the Upper Palatinate had given frictions, closed the Bishopric and the Palatinate and Bavaria in 1523 a treaty but did not yield any lasting relief. Finally, on January 30, 1767, another treaty on the border between the two territories between Elector Maximilian III. Joseph and Prince-Bishop Raymund Anton Graf von Strasoldo ratified and the new border petrified in the same year. The borderline on the nearby Hofberg, which both the Episcopal Nursing Office Obermässing and the Palatinate-Neuburgian Nursing Office Hilpoltstein claimed for itself, was not clarified. The bishopric had the forests of the Hofberg marked several times with oak posts with the bishop's coat of arms; the Hilpoltstein nursing office removed the stamps each time. Until 1802, the end of the Old Kingdom , no unity was reached. Two high estates' offices fought over the area west of the Schwarzach, namely the judge's office in Greding and the maintenance office in Obermässing. In 1785 they approached the councilor in Eichstätt about a decision that was obviously not made in the few years until the end of the Old Kingdom. The last nurse to Obermässing (and the last of his family) was Friedrich Karl Freiherr von Eyb (* 1776, † 1851) since 1799.

Population development (only the parish village of Obermässing)

  • 1830: 362 (84 households)
  • 1836: 424 (75 properties)
  • 1846: 468 (80 houses, 108 families)
  • 1871: 426 (237 buildings)
  • 1900: 372 (84 residential buildings)
  • 1938: 379 (including 3 Protestants)
  • 1950: 527 (92 households)
  • 1961: 461 (100 residential buildings)
  • 1987: 566 (153 residential buildings, 180 apartments)
  • 2014: 718

Catholic parish church "Assumption of Mary"

Nothing has survived from the Romanesque church of the Lords of Mässingen, which was consecrated by Bishop Otto (1182–1196) around 1190 and which presumably had a previous building. Around 1280, Berthold von Mässingen had a new, well-fortified church built in the early Gothic style; the grave slab of the 1285 deceased is in the church. The ship measures 19 × 9 meters. A wooden bridge led from the church to the box building on the west side. In 1336 Heinrich von Wildenstein made a legacy for a new bell. With the transition from Obermässing to the Teutonic Order (1287), the parish church became a Teutonic order church until it became a secular parish again in 1465. The high altar, initially destined for Berching and sold from there to Obermässing in 1684, was built in 1680 ; the two side altars are four decades younger. In 1689 wall pillars were drawn in by the high-school builder Johann Baptist Camesino, who lived in Obermässing, and the interior with its double west gallery was vaulted with a lance-cap barrel. In 1696 the consecration of the now baroque church took place. Around 1700, the church tower on the northeast corner of the ship was raised by Camesino. He made the bell house in half-timbered construction, on top of which was a hood with a lantern; the weather vane shows the year 1701. In 1724 Camesiono donated a big bell. In 1773 Johann Michael Wild painted the ceiling painting. In 1906 an 11-register organ by the Eichstatt organ builder Joseph Franz Bittner came into the church. In 1931 the sacred building was renovated both inside and out. In 1938 there were four bells in the tower that were cast in 1645, 1774 and two of them in 1923. Ten years later, a new chime of seven bells was purchased.

The Obermässing parish is part of the Greding Parish Association of the Eichstätt diocese.

Architectural monuments

In addition to the parish church, architectural monuments include the rectory from 1769, the former box house, two ways and a field chapel, a wayside shrine and the baroque St. Johannes Nepomuk figure on the Schwarzach Bridge, which was newly built in 1926.

See also the list of architectural monuments in Greding # Obermässing

nature

NSG Bach and Schluchtwald

To the south of the village is the nature reserve Bach and Schluchtwald near Untermässing .

traffic

Obermässing is to the east of the A 9 federal motorway, the next junction is Greding. The village lies on the county road RH 27. The east to small Notter village in switchbacks up leading road, county road RH 28, was built in 1926; to the north it leads over Karm to Meckenhausen . Hofberg can be reached from Obermässing via Hofbergstrasse.

From the “Grüner Baum” restaurant, the seven kilometer long circular hiking trail no. 6 leads up to Hofberg with 200 steps.

Personalities

  • Johann Baptist Camesino (1642–1724), master builder from Graubünden, citizen of Obermässing by marriage since around 1683

societies

  • Volunteer fire brigade Obermässing
  • German youth force (DJK) Obermässing, sports club
  • Catholic Workers' Movement (KAB) Obermässing
  • Brass band Obermässing
  • Faschinxverein Obermässing
  • Model sports club Obermässing
  • "Tell" shooting club
  • Fruit and horticultural association Obermässing
  • Nature and hiking enthusiast Obermässing
  • Forchheim-Obermässing fishing association
  • Lederhosen-Buam Obermässing

literature

Web links

Commons : Obermässing  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Kugler: Explanation of a thousand place names of the Altmühlalp and its surroundings. One try. Verlag der Krüll'schen Buchhandlung, Eichstätt 1873, p. 124 (No. 365)
  2. ^ Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia. Volume IV, Ulm 1801, column 195.
  3. ↑ Jorg WE Fassbinder, Roland Linck, Lena Lambers, Lukas Werther: Prospecting work on the early medieval low castle Greuth in the Schwarzachtal, Obermässing, municipality of Greding, district of Roth, Middle Franconia.
  4. ^ Franz Heidingsfelder (arr.): The regests of the bishops of Eichstätt. Palm & Enke, Erlangen 1938, p. 82, no. 237/3.
    Pastoral paper of the diocese of Eichstätt. 3, 1856, p. 162.
  5. ^ A b c Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume II, Eichstätt 1938, p. 288.
  6. ^ Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6: Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959, p. 22.
  7. ^ Pastoral paper of the diocese of Eichstätt. 5, 1858, p. 175 f.
  8. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association. 39, 1924, p. 49.
  9. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association. 91, 1998, pp. 119f.
  10. ^ Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6: Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959, p. 27 f, p. 30.
  11. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association. 30, 1915, p. 69 f.
  12. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association. 12, 1897, p. 13 f., Note 2.
  13. ↑ a b c d e f Ludwig Krotter: Ortschronik von Obermässing. In: Heimgarten. Supplement to the Eichstätter Volkszeitung - Eichstätter Kurier. Volume 22, No. 12, March 24, 1951.
  14. ↑ Georg Barth: The 'Mässinger Haufe' from 1525. In: Heimatkundliche Streifzüge. Volume 3, 1984, p. 37.
  15. ↑ Georg Barth: The 'Mässinger Haufe' from 1525. In: Heimatkundliche Streifzüge. Issue 3, 1984, p. 39 f ..
    Petrus Bauer: The Benedictine Abbey Plankstetten in the past and present. Plankstetten 1979, p. 30.
  16. ^ Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. II. Volume, Eichstätt 1938, pp. 288-291.
    Collecting sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association. 53, 1937, p. 80.
  17. ^ Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6: Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959, p. 128.
  18. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association. 65/66 (1972/73), p. 40.
  19. ^ Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6: Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959, pp. 169, 229.
  20. ↑ obermaessing.de
  21. ↑ a b Th. D. Popp: Register of Biscuits Eichstätt. Ph.Brönner, Eichstätt 1836, p. 125.
  22. ↑ a b c Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1163 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized ).
  23. ^ Eduard Vetter: Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria. Ansbach 1846, p. 53.
  24. ^ Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6: Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959, pp. 182, 229.
  25. ↑ Greding - GenWiki. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  26. ^ A b c Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6: Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959, p. 229.
  27. ↑ Obermässing. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  28. ^ Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume I, Eichstätt 1937, p. 395.
    Georg Dehio: Handbook of German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1999, p. 813.
  29. ^ Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. II. Volume, Eichstätt 1938, pp. 289-291.
    Pastoral paper of the diocese of Eichstätt. 5 (1858), p. 176.
  30. ^ Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6: Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959, p. 78.
  31. ^ Gerhard Hirschmann: Historical Atlas of Bavaria. Part of Franconia. Row I, Issue 6: Eichstätt. Beilngries-Eichstätt-Greding. Munich 1959, pp. 37-39, 78.
  32. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association. 16, 1901, p. 26 f.
  33. ^ Eduard Vetter: Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia . Ansbach 1846, p. 53.
  34. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1224 ( digitized version ).
  35. ^ Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume II, Eichstätt 1938, p. 291.
  36. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 797 ( digitized version ).
  37. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 347 ( digitized version ).
  38. ^ Obermässing - City of Greding. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  39. ^ Pastoral paper of the diocese of Eichstätt. 5, 1858, p. 176.
  40. ↑ Collection sheet of the Histor. Eichstätt Association. 61, 1965/66, p. 48.
  41. ^ Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. II. Volume, Eichstätt 1938, pp. 288-292.
    Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria I: Franconia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1999, p. 813. Traveling
    together. Churches and parishes in the Roth district and in the city of Schwabach. Schwabach / Roth o. J. [2000], p. 79.
  42. ↑ Obermässing. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  43. ^ Parish association Greding: Home. Retrieved September 17, 2019 .
  44. ↑ Directions on greding.de
  45. ↑ On the road together. Churches and parishes in the Roth district and in the city of Schwabach. Schwabach / Roth o. J. [2000], p. 78.