Martin von Schaumberg
Martin von Schaumberg (* 1523 in Nassenfels ; † June 28. 1590 in Eichstätt ) was bishop of the diocese of Eichstaett and Prince Bishop of the Bishopric of Eichstätt 1560-1590.
Life of Martin von Schaumberg
Canon of the Eichstätter Chapter since 1531 , he studied in Ingolstadt in 1533 , in Vienna in 1539 and in Bologna in 1544 . To increase his income, he acquired a canonical in Bamberg in 1549 and another in Würzburg in 1550 . In 1555 he became cathedral cantor in Eichstätt, and in 1559 cathedral dean . He lived in the (later) Hof Welden (on the site of today's Protestant rectory), which he sold as bishop in 1575. On July 17, 1560, the cathedral chapter elected him Bishop of Eichstätt.
Reforms
When he took up his bishopric, two thirds of the diocesan area had become Protestant during the Reformation . He tried to push through reforms in the rest - mainly in the bishopric and in the Bavarian part of the diocese - especially with regard to the diocesan clergy. In this context, he founded the Collegium Willibaldinum on November 16, 1564 , an institution that combined high school education with academic studies in accordance with the ideas of the Council of Trent and was the first such institution in Germany.
The renewal of the clergy's way of life was also very important to him. So he had to fight against the celibacy violations of clerics throughout his reign. He himself led an impeccable, pious life.
He also included the monasteries in his reform work and sometimes took tough action, for example in 1561 in the Eichstätter Dominican monastery , where he deposed the prior and drove out unruly monks, in the Augustinian Canons of Rebdorf , where he also deposed the prior , and in 1586 to 1589 in the Benedictine Abbey of Plankstetten . He not only based himself on the decisions of the Council of Trent, but also obtained special powers from the Pope in Rome if necessary . He introduced a certain oath of office: the Tridentine Creed had to be sworn when taking on church positions and when awarding academic degrees at his universities. In 1585 he prescribed the Tridentine form of marriage and ordered the keeping of parish registers and parish registers . In 1589 he published a new diocesan district and made the daily prayers compulsory for the clergy.
In order to promote the education of his subjects, he had village schools set up in his domain from 1560.
The bishop expanded his bishopric through the acquisition of villages and jurisdictions ( Kinding , Haunstetten , Mettendorf , Töging with the local castle, Burggriesbach , Lauterbach and Untermässing ); He was able to reduce the college debt through thrift and prudent management. He issued new court and craft regulations. On February 1, 1583 he introduced the Gregorian calendar and thus took a pioneering role in the empire.
During his tenure, the witch hunt began in the Hochstift Eichstätt , in which at least 26 women from Spalt , Dollnstein and Abenberg were sentenced to death for alleged witchcraft and executed from 1585 to mid-1590 .
Construction activities
His name is associated with extensive construction activities on the Willibaldsburg ; of the three extensive wings of the third courtyard that were built under him, only the north wing, known as the "Schaumberg Building", remains. He also built a small Katharinenkirche, which later gave way to the Guardian Angel Church . He also built the episcopal Hirschberg Castle , as his coat of arms stone shows. Overall, however, little has survived from his construction activity.
Foundations
Like many other prince-bishops, Martin von Schaumberg was generous. For example, in 1570 he donated six vestments with his coat of arms to the cathedral. A later foundation went to the Blatternhaus in the Buchtal near Eichstätt.
Epitaph altar
When Bishop Martin died, he was buried in the cathedral next to the Michael's altar. An epitaph altar reminds of him. The Mannerist work made of Jura marble was created around 1570 on behalf of the bishop by the artist Philipp Sarder , was moved from its original location from the east wall to the west wall of the south transept in 1789 and is now on the east wall again. The multi-storey altar structure shows the crucifixion , resurrection , ascension and second coming of Christ in reliefs . The evangelists , the apostles Peter and Paul and the diocesan saints are also shown . The bishop and his parents kneel in front of or stand around the crucified one. The actual epitaph (grave slab) of the prince-bishop is in the Eichstätter cathedral cloister .
The Schaumbergers in Eichstätt
The von Schaumberg family was represented several times in Eichstätt:
- From 1493 to 1508, Walburg von Schaumberg was the abbess of the Benedictine convent of St. Walburg in Eichstätt.
- At the end of the 15th century Heinrich von Schaumberg was court master of the prince-bishop.
- Under Prince-Bishop Gabriel von Eyb , Georg von Schaumberg was the prince-bishop's council.
- In 1497 Melchior von Schaumberg, canon of Eichstätt and Würzburg, died in Rome.
- On January 15, 1525, Gabriel von Schaumberg died as a canon in Eichstatt (since 1471).
- Hans von Schaumberg, from 1523 canon of Bamberg and from 1531 canon of Eichstätt, died in 1552 and was buried in Eichstätt.
- Martin von Schaumberg, † August 11, 1613, was provost of Eichstätt, canon in Bamberg and Würzburg.
literature
- Julius Sax: The bishops and imperial princes of Eichstätt 745–1806. Vol. 2: 1535-1806. Landshut 1884–1885
- Ernst Reiter: Martin von Schaumberg, Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt (1560–1590) and the Trento Reform. Münster 1965 (Reformation history studies and texts 91-92)
- Felix Mader (edit.): The art monuments of Bavaria, administrative region Middle Franconia, I. City of Eichstätt. Munich 1924 (Reprint Munich, Vienna 1981, ISBN 3-486-50504-1 )
- Felix Mader: The cathedral at Eichstätt. Augsburg: Dr. Benno Filser Verlag 1929, 24 pages and 25 plates
- Gerhard Hirschmann: Eichstätt. (Historical Atlas of Bavaria), Munich, 1959
- Klaus Kreitmeir: The bishops of Eichstätt. Eichstätt: Verlag der Kirchenzeitung 1992
- Richard Baumeister among others: The diocese of Eichstätt in the past and present. 3. From the Counter Reformation to Secularization , Eckboldsheim 1993: Edition du Signe
- Ernst Reiter: Martin v. Schaumberg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 275 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Eberhard II of Hirnheim |
Bishop of Eichstätt 1560 - 1590 |
Kaspar von Seckendorff |
Friedrich II of Parsberg | Heinrich IV. Count of Württemberg | Engelhard von Dolling | Hildebrand of Carrots | Reinboto von Meilenhart | Konrad II of Pfeffenhausen | John I of Strasbourg | Philipp von Rathsamhausen | Marquard I of Hagel | Gebhard III. Count of Graisbach | Friedrich III. Landgrave of Leuchtenberg | Heinrich V. Schenk von Reicheneck | Albrecht I of Hohenfels | Berthold von Zollern | Raban Truchseß von Wilburgstetten | Friedrich IV. Count of Oettingen | Johann II of Heideck | Albrecht II of Hohenrechberg | Johann III. by Eych | Wilhelm von Reichenau | Gabriel von Eyb | Christoph Marschall von Pappenheim | Moritz von Hutten | Eberhard II of Hirnheim | Martin von Schaumberg | Kaspar von Seckendorff | Johann Konrad von Gemmingen
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Schaumberg, Martin von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1523 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Nassenfels |
| DATE OF DEATH | June 28, 1590 |
| Place of death | Eichstatt |