Philipp von Rathsamhausen

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Bishop Philip as a preacher in the Pontifical Gundekarianum

Philipp von Rathsamhausen (* between 1240 and 1245; † February 25, 1322 ) was a Cistercian , master of theology and Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt from 1306 to 1322.

origin

Rathsamhausen coat of arms

Philip came from a noble Alsatian noble family, who first emerged in 1127. The ancestral seat that gave it its name was a completely abandoned castle near the hamlets of Nieder- and Oberrathsamshausen near Schlettstadt .

The monk

The father was possibly Philipp de Racenhusen, who owned the Kintzheim Castle west of Schlettstadt in the 13th century . Philip, who later became abbot and bishop, was almost certainly born between 1240 and 1245. In 1256 he took part in the translation of the Willibaldine bones in Eichstätt. As he himself reported, he was taught "in the secular sciences" in his youth. Around 30 years after his death, it is said that he was a “magister in theologia”; Theological training he should have completed between 1260 and 1300 at the University of Paris , where the Cistercian order had its own study house, the Collegium S. Bernardi, which could be sent by each abbey of the order. However, when Philip first entered the Alsatian Cistercian Abbey Pairis ( diocese of Basel ) and when he returned there after his studies is unknown. In any case, he became abbot of this monastery by 1301 at the latest . Under him an economic rise of the monastery began, which enabled him to build a choir chapel on the monastery church and to build an Antonius chapel in Colmar .

The bishop

In 1306 the abbot undertook a diplomatic trip to Lyon to see Pope Clement V on behalf of King Albrecht I together with the Eichstätter bishop and court chancellor of the king, Johann I. Thereupon he became the bishop of the Pope in succession to Johann, who was simultaneously transferred to Strasbourg Eichstätt and appointed on February 18, 1306. On April 28, 1306, he was awarded the Regalia in Schweinfurt , and in May 1306 he moved into Eichstätt. The Eichstätter cathedral chapter came to terms with his appointment, and Philip was also recognized by King Albrecht I. Even under Henry VII , who visited Eichstätt in February 1310 with his wife Margareta von Brabant , Philip played an important role as a royal confidante and advisor in imperial politics and as the tutor of his son Johann , the underage King of Bohemia. As the king's companion, he is documented several times on his travels within Europe. Finally, he was also involved in the preliminary negotiations for the appointment of Ludwig the Bavarian and was personally present when he was elected king in Sachsenhausen near Frankfurt . After the election negotiations of 1314, Philip withdrew completely from imperial politics.

Bishop Philip promoted the world and religious clergy. In 1307 he held a diocesan synod; In doing so, he proceeded so thoroughly against grievances that more than 50 parishes were vacated by the synod. He appointed the provost of Spalt , Magister Ulrich, as vicar general . For the first time the diocese got an auxiliary bishop in Heinrich. He incorporated a total of 17 parishes into monasteries in his diocese. He also consecrated churches - 17 in 1308 alone - and gave instructions on prayer and liturgy. He himself was considered a masterful preacher and is represented as such in the Pontifical Gundekarianum . His love for rhetoric is also evident in his numerous religious and theological writings, including biographies of the diocesan saints Willibald and Walburga . In 1309 he raised the bones of Bishop Gundekar II and had them reburied in a stone tomb that still exists today in the St. John's Chapel of the cathedral. In 1316 he had the tomb of St. Open Deocar in the collegiate church of Herrieden and gave relics to worship him; some of them came as a royal gift to Nuremberg , where in 1406 a Deokar chapel was added to the St. Lorenz Church .

In territorial policy, he tried to secure the inheritance of the Hirschbergs for the bishopric after the death of the last count on March 4, 1305. His good relations with the German kings helped him here. In 1306, King Albrecht I decided in favor of the bishop in more than 50 villages and village courts in the Altmühl , Sulz and Anlauter areas . The bishop broke resistance with force if necessary. When Heinrich VII outlawed Count Konrad von Öttingen in 1310 , his cities Herrieden and Ornbau were declared as fiefs that had reverted to Eichstätt ; The destroyed Herrieden did not come to the bishop until 1316 through the intervention of King Ludwig the Bavarian . In 1311 Henry VII gave the town of Greding back to the bishop. During his life, Philipp tried to limit the powerful influence of the imperial district court Hirschberg, which continued to exist after the Hirschberg inheritance - with little success.

The heavy debts of the diocese caused by the Hirschberg inheritance grew under Philip through new debts and pledges with which he financed his armed conflicts. Due to imperial intervention, his debts with the Jews were postponed. In 1316 the financial situation had finally become so serious that the bishop appointed the thesaurian of the Eichstätter church and later successor, Marquard I von Hagel , to the general procurator who had paid off almost all debts until 1324. Philipp died very old in 1322 and was buried in the Willibald Choir of Eichstätter Cathedral . His grave is unknown today.

See also

Works

literature

  • Martin Grabmann : The Eichstätter Bishop Philipp von Rathsamhausen O. Cist. as a scholar and writer. Supplement to the Augsburger Postzeitung 1904, No. 40–42
  • Luzian Pfleger: Philipp von Rathsamhausen, Abbot of Pairis, a preacher of the 14th century. In: Cistercienser Chronik 26 (1914), pp. 144–147
  • Hirschmann: Philipp von Rathsamhausen. Bishop of Eichstätt 1306–1322. In: St. Willibaldsblatt, church newspaper for the diocese of Eichstätt, No. 24 of October 9, 1927, p. 1
  • J. Geibig: Cistercians on the bishop's chair in Eichstätt. In: Cistercienser Chronik 51 (1939), pp. 143-148
  • Andreas Bauch: The theological-ascetic literature of the Eichstätter Bishop Philipp von Rathsamhausen (1306-1322). Examination and text output. Eichstätt 1948: Publishing house of the Catholic Church in Bavaria, 507 pages
  • Klaus Kreitmeir: The bishops of Eichstätt. Eichstätt 1992, Verlag der Kirchenzeitung, pp. 46–48
  • Alfred Wendehorst : The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume 1: The row of bishops until 1535 . Series: Germania Sacra - New Episode 45 . Berlin 2006. ISBN 978-3-11-018971-1 . Pp. 134-150.
  • Alfred Wendehorst:  Philipp von Rathsamhausen. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , p. 374 f. ( Digitized version ).

Web links

predecessor Office successor
John I of Strasbourg Bishop of Eichstätt
1306–1322 		Marquard I of Hagel
personal data
SURNAME Philipp von Rathsamhausen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince-Bishop of Eichstätt
DATE OF BIRTH between 1240 and 1245
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1322
Place of death Eichstatt