Greding (district)

Greding City of Greding
Coordinates: 49 ° 2 ′ 45 ″  N , 11 ° 21 ′ 9 ″  E
Height :	397 m above sea level NHN
Area :	13.25 km²
Residents :	3682  (December 9, 2019)
Population density :	278 inhabitants / km²
Postal code :	91171
Area code :	08463
Market square with town hall

View of Greding

Greding is a district of the city ​​of Greding and its main town in the Middle Franconian district of Roth in Bavaria . It is located on the Schwarzach and in the area of ​​the Altmühltal Nature Park . The district has 3894 inhabitants, 33682 of them with primary residence.

geography

location

Neighboring towns starting from the north:

• Röckenhofen
• Herrnsberg
• Landerzhofen
• Kaising
• Mettendorf
• Heimbach
• Power book
• Hausen

Greding is 36 km north of Ingolstadt on the federal highway 9 .

Greding is located in the center of the Altmühltal Nature Park . The city is a state-recognized health resort .

• River: Schwarzach , Agbach
• Mountains: Kalvarienberg, Galgenberg, Pfaffenberg

climate

The climate in Greding is temperate . The annual average temperature is 8.4 ° C, the average annual rainfall 707 millimeters.

Greding
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     46   1 -4     41   3 -4     45   8th 0     49   13 3     70   18th 7th     88   22nd 11     83   23 12     79   23 12     57   19th 9     48   13 4th     49   6th 1     51   2 -3 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: climata-data.org

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Greding Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 1.4 3.3 8.4 13.4 18.3 21.6 23.4 22.7 19.1 13.2 6.4 2.4 O 12.8 Min. Temperature (° C) -4.1 -3.5 -0.3 3.2 7.3 10.6 12.2 11.7 8.6 4.3 0.8 -2.6 O 4.1 Temperature (° C) -1.4 -0.1 4th 8.3 12.8 16.1 17.8 17.2 13.8 8.7 3.6 -0.1 O 8.4 Precipitation ( mm ) 46 41 45 49 70 88 83 79 57 48 49 51 Σ 706 Source: climata-data.org

history

Until the 10th century

Between 10,000 and 6000 BC There are first traces of settlement (charcoal remains, dog jaws) on Euerwanger Bühl . On the Hofberg near Obermässing, in Schutzendorf and near Attenhofen, between 1400 and 1200 BC. Chr. Barrows erected. Celtic traces of settlement near the thistle mill are found in the 2nd century BC. These were the second prehistoric dwelling found in Bavaria to be researched in 1910.

From the first half of the 6th century the first evidence of clearing of the Bavarians in the Schwarzachtal near Greding-Großhöbing was found. The Bavarian place name "Gred-ing" means something like that of the people of "Gredo" or "Grado". The personal name "Grado" or "Gredo" itself stands for "the hungry, the hungry". The place name "Höb-ing" goes back to the home of a "Hebo" or "Habo". "Hebo" or "Habo" means "the fighter". Since Greding and Höbing - due to their early meaning - are certainly a real "-ing" place, the suffix "-ing" refers to a "group of people" (and not to a geographical condition = fake "- ing "-Ort; see W.-A. Reitzenstein, Lexicon of Bavarian Place Names, p. 16 and A. Heintze and P. Cascorbi, Die deutscher Familiennames, p. 221, keyword“ Gradas / Gredus ”).

Around 600 AD a water mill and an artificial weir were built near Großhöbing. Iron ore was probably already being processed at that time. The (Groß-) Höbing settlement comprises around 200 to 250 people.

Around 700 AD the Gredingen district (Groß-) Höbing is an important border post (probably of the Baier Huosi clan; see the discovery of a tuff stone sarcophagus in Max-Müller-Strasse, St. Martin as the patron saint of Huosi, the names of the Gredingen districts etc.) in the Duchy of Bavaria on the long-distance trade route from the North Sea to Venice . At the same time, this place was an important production site for the Bavarian “arms industry”. At Großhöbing, iron slag, racing fire stoves, charcoal piles, whetstones and an artificially created land for ships can still be identified from this period . The processed iron ore (and possibly the goods from Venice and the North Sea?) Was transported by water ( Schwarzach , Altmühl , Danube ) to the Bavarian capital of Regensburg .

Karl Martell invaded the northern Duchy of Bavaria around 725 (see History of Bavaria ). Around this time, the Bavarian aristocratic family was probably buried near Großhöbing ("Prince of Höbing"; exhibited in the Greding Archeology Museum). Around the year 740 a monastery was founded in Eichstätt (predecessor of the diocese of Eichstätt) by Duke Odilo of Bavaria, Bonifatius and the Bavarian nobleman Suitger, who owned extensive property in the Eichstätt area and in the Salzburg / Reichenhall area. In 745 or 750 AD, Pippin placed the diocese of Eichstätt under Carolingian administration. Duke Tassilo III. from Bavaria is deposed by Charlemagne in 788. The entire Duchy of Bavaria comes under Frankish-Carolingian administration. So-called royal courts (“curie”) are established as administrative bases.

Around 900 Greding is a Franconian royal court in the Bavarian Nordgau and was awarded by the Carolingians (as an imperial fief) to the Nordgaugrafen from the Babenbergs ( Popponen line ). The Nordgau is largely comparable to today's Upper Palatinate . The Babenbergs are said to be descendants of the clan of the "nobilis vir Poapo" (= Pabo / Babo) from the Huosi family, named around 765. The Bavarian Duke and Carolingian King Ludwig hands over the child after 900 greding (in the course of the Babenberg feud ) from the property of the Babenberg Nordgaugrafen (Popponen line) to the Bishop of Eichstätt .

Count Babo / Papo / Poppo von Rott (am Inn), the son of Count Pilgrim I an der Sempt (= area between Moosburg and Landshut ; from the Pilgrimid family ), owned Biberbach around 945. This is near Beilngries below the later Hirschberg Castle in the triangle of the three neighboring cities of Beilngries , Berching and Greding. This Count Babo / Papo / Poppo was most likely the progenitor of the later Babonen von Kühbach (near Aichach ) and the Babonen von Abensberg (near Kelheim ). The Babons of Kühbach are in turn the ancestors of the later Counts of Grögling-Hirschberg . The Pilgrimids and the Counts of Grögling-Hirschberg were chief bailiffs of the Freising Monastery. The pilgrimids are also said to be descendants of the “nobilis vir Poapo” (= Pabo / Babo) clan.

At the end of the 10th century, Greding is again an imperial fiefdom of the Babenbergs (Popponen) in the Bavarian Nordgau. When and how the change from Eichstätt to the Babenbergers (Popponen line) was carried out (use of force?) Is not known.

11th to 15th centuries

After the Schweinfurt feud in 1003, large parts of the northern Bavarian Gau were handed over to Count Udalschalk from the Babonen von Kühbach family by King Heinrich II. As part of this feud, Greding itself is again taken from the Babenberg Nordgaugrafen Heinrich von Schweinfurt by the later Emperor Heinrich II and comes into the possession of the Bishop of Eichstätt. After this feud, Nordgaugraf Heinrich moved his center of power from Sulzbach (today Sulzbach-Rosenberg ) in the direction of Schweinfurt (see also Schweinfurt (noble family) ). Count Udalschalk from the Babonen von Kühbach family died in 1008. Heinrich von Schweinfurt received parts of the northern Gau back from Emperor Heinrich II. The Babons are said to go back to the "nobils vir Poapo". Count Sieghard V (from the family of the Chiemgaugrafen of the Sieghardinger with headquarters in Reichenhall ) donated his property in the Esselberg district of Gredingen to the St. Emmeram monastery in Regensburg in order to save his soul. Possibly this property in Esselberg comes from the Pilgrimids, because the nephew Thiemo of Count Babos / Papos / Poppos (cf. “around 945”) is called Count von Reichenhall in 1007. The Sieghartinger became the legal successors of the Huosi in Chiemgau through weddings. Thus, the Sieghartinger's property in the Greding area should originally go back to the Huosi. Greding must have been taken away from the Bishop of Eichstätt between 1003 and 1058 (forcibly? / Exchange of goods with the newly established diocese of Bamberg?), As it was again owned by the Babenberg Nordgaugrafen from the line of Popponen Otto von Schweinfurt (also Otto III. ( Called Swabia ) is. When he died in 1058, King Heinrich IV. Otto's widow Irmengard withdrew the Greding estate and placed it under his imperial administration. Margrave Ekbert I. von Meißen , the second husband of the widow Irmengard, is considered to be one of the leaders in the coup d'état of Kaiserswerth in 1062 . Together with the Bavarian Duke Otto von Northeim and other princes, this group kidnaps the young King Heinrich IV and blackmailed the imperial insignia for a short time. De facto, the leadership of the Reich was with this group until 1065. King Henry IV is reinstated in office on March 29, 1065 by the sword line. Otto von Northeim had to abdicate as Bavarian duke in 1070 after allegedly seeking the king's life. Greding appears in King Heinrich IV's table goods directory in 1064 or 1065 as “Gradinga” under the “curie de bawaria” (as the Bavarian royal court among the imperial estates). The creation of this table goods register coincides with the sword line of King Henry IV after his kidnapping. In this register it is also listed that Greding had to render five servitia to the king. Since at that time Nuremberg had to perform seven servitia and Weißenburg only one, Greding must have been much more important then than it is today.

1064/68: Margrave Ekbert I. von Meißen, second husband of the Babenberger widow Irmengard, makes claims for the return of the Greding estate.

1068/86: Margrave Ekbert II of Meißen inherits from his father Ekbert I and also raises claims on Greding.

Before 1086 Emperor Heinrich IV handed Greding back to the Bishop of Eichstätt. Margrave Ekbert II alienated the Greding estate from the Bishop of Eichstätt twice in 1086 and 1090 and took it under his control. After Ekbert II sought the king's life, he was murdered by royal troops in 1090. Emperor Heinrich IV. (Known for his trip to Canossa ) hands over on May 5, 1091 in Bassano del Grappa, Italy (after the successful siege of the city of Mantua in the fight against the Pope) “Gredingen, which is in the possession of Heinrich in the northern part of the region” and “ which had possessed its royal and imperial predecessors since time immemorial and had been taken away by enemies (twice) "because of" the salvation of his parents and his soul "for the third time," forever "to his faithful servant, Bishop Udalrich I of Eichstatt . Heinrich, the "owner" (administrator) of Greding was Count an der lower Altmühl ( Kelsgau ) and a grandson of Regensburg burgrave Babo I von Abensberg from the Babonen family , who were related to the "nobilis vir Poapo" from the family the Huosi is said to be. This is only considered a documentary appointment by the city of Greding. Count Heinrich von Northeim (also called Heinrich der Fette , son of Count Otto von Northeim) took over the inheritance of his brother-in-law Ekbert II, who died childless, in 1091 or 1093 and reclaimed Greding from the emperor. Emperor Heinrich IV gave Greding to Heinrich von Northeim in 1093 so that he could be sure of his political support. The so far very "loyal" Bishop Udalrich I. von Eichstätt has not been traceable in the emperor's surroundings since this transfer from Greding. Richenza von Northeim , the daughter of Count Heinrich von Northeim, married Duke Lothar von Sachsen around 1100 and brought Greding into this marriage as a dowry (a right to). In 1125, Lothar von Sachsen was surprisingly elected German king (later Emperor Lothar III (HRR) ). King Lothar regards Greding as his wife's “dowry” and calls on the two Staufer brothers, Friedrich II of Swabia and Konrad (later the Roman-German King Konrad III ), to surrender Greding. Duke Friedrich, the loser in the election of a king, and his brother Duke Konrad (both grandsons of Emperor Heinrich IV.) Regard Greding as their grandfather's inheritance (Salian household) and do not give up their claim to Greding in relation to King Lothar. In 1127 King Lothar transfers his tribal duchy of Saxony , the imperial city of Nuremberg and (for strategic reasons?) Greding to his son-in-law, the Bavarian Guelph Duke Heinrich the Proud. This Heinrich the Proud was also the father of the later Bavarian Duke Heinrich the Lion . In the summer of 1127, fighting broke out in the area around Greding between King Lothar (together with his son-in-law Heinrich the Proud) and the two Staufer brothers, Friedrich and Konrad. The Staufer brothers Friedrich and Konrad won these battles in the Greding area after 1127 and proclaimed Konrad to be the rival king in 1127. The Hohenstaufen immediately began to secure the area around Greding with loyal noble families from the southern Bavarian region (primarily from the Reichenhall / Berchtesgaden , Freising and Lower Bavaria area ). The gentlemen from (Hilpolt-) Stein, the gentlemen from Höbing, von Mässing, and von Stauf appear in the area around Greding. These families donate a lot of goods from the Greding / Thalmässing area to the Berchtesgaden Abbey (later the Berchtesgaden prince-provost ), founded by the Counts of Sulzbach. The founding of the Berchtesgaden Abbey was initiated by Countess Irmgard von Rott (on the Counts of Rott am Inn see also the comments "around 945"), the wife of Count Gebhard II. Von Sulzbach and thus the grandmother of Countess Gertrud von Sulzbach, Wife of King Konrad. After all, the Berchtesgaden Abbey owned around 25 places and villages around Greding / Thalmässing (referred to as the administrative unit “Propstei Höbing” or “Münchhöbing”). Two years after this war (1129) the Plankstetten monastery (now part of the city of Berching ) is founded by the later Counts of Hirschberg. The basic equipment of this monastery also includes old Kühbach property in the Nordgau. Witnesses of the founding of the monastery were, among others, the Lords of Höbing from the Babonen family (cf. Werner Robl, Die Höbinger and Hilpoltsteiner are Paponen Agnaten, 2014)

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the Nordgau was administered by the Counts of Grögling-Hirschberg (based on the Hirschberg near Beilngries ) and the Counts of Sulzbach (cf. Sulzbach (noble family) ) for the Staufer family . Both count genders are very closely related to one another. The Staufer counter-king Konrad, who had been the sole king of Germany since 1138, has been married to Gertrud von Sulzbach since 1135/36 . Most of the families around Greding belong to the retinue of the Counts of Sulzbach.

From the places Greding, Hirschberg, Fribertshofen, Plankstetten, Pollanten and Töging, Bishop Gebhard von Eichstätt (later Pope Viktor II ) sent 100 knights and 300 foot servants (including 10 servants of the abbot from Plankstetten ) to the Staufer King Konrad in 1147 for his second crusade. Count Gebhard von Sulzbach and Gerhard von Hirschberg were in charge. Only Count Gerhard von Hirschberg of the participants from the Greding / Berching / Beilngries area returns from this crusade. Bishop Otto von Eichstätt consecrated the Martinskirche in 1182 or 1196. The Counts of Sulzbach died out in the male line in 1188. Large parts of the northern Gau fell to the Counts of Hirschberg, who were closely related to them. Around this time (1186–1190) the place name "Greding" appears for the first time in a document. “Pernhart de Greding” is a witness to a donation to the St. Emmeram Monastery in Regensburg (traditional St. Emmeram Monastery, no. 988). In contrast to “Greding”, the neighboring town of “Thalmaezingen” still has the original “-en” ending in this document. Greding thus loses its "-en" ending around a century earlier than the episcopal city of Freising (1287 still as "Freising", 1290 for the first time as "Freising").

In 1220 an imperial official "Konrad von Greding" was responsible for the administration of Greding. The citizens of Gredingen send troops to Italy in 1240 to support the Staufer Emperor Friedrich II in his fight against the Pope (predominance in Central Europe). The Pope therefore bans Greding from the church. In this pronouncement of the ban, citizens of Gredingen (“cives”) are spoken of for the first time.

With Count Gebhard VII, the Count von Grögling-Hirschberg family died out in 1305 . Gebhard's county is divided in the Gaimersheim Treaty of 1305 between the bishop of Eichstätt and the House of Wittelsbach . However, Greding remains imperial territory and therefore belongs neither to the Bishop of Eichstätt nor to the Wittelsbach family. In order to remember "his wife Margareta, his children and his ancestors", King Heinrich VII returned the town of Greding "in the north gau" to the bishop of Eichstätt on January 23, 1311 in the Italian city ​​of Milan , "after he had learned from conclusive documents I saw that it had belonged to the Eichstätter Church since ancient times ”. In this document, Greding is called the city ("oppidum") for the first time and in this document the term Nordgau appears for the last time in Bavarian history. The self-government of the city of Greding is occupied by an internal and an external council in 1340. The oldest town seal Greding (king with crown and scepter), which has been handed down in prints from 1341 to 1400, refers to the former Franconian royal court in Bavaria ("curie de Bawaria"). Emperor Ludwig IV. , Called Ludwig the Bavarian, claimed Greding again for a short time in 1344. But after taking note of the documents of Henry IV and Henry VII, he returns Greding to the Bishop of Eichstätt. Prince-Bishop Albrecht I von Hohenfels grants neck jurisdiction to Greding. Under the Eichstätt prince-bishop Friedrich IV. Von Oettingen (1383-1415) the city wall was built in 1383 with a length of 1250 meters, 3 gates and 20 towers. A city court is mentioned in Greding in 1384. The city judge Götzel Gotzwein / Gößwein speaks on behalf of his master, Heinrich von Morsbach and the citizens of Greding.

In connection with a mass foundation in 1439, the grave church of St. Magdalena is mentioned for the first time in a confirmation document from Bishop Albrecht . Greding receives from Eichstätter Prince-Bishop Johann III. von Eych 1446 a council and community order. The city is divided into four quarters (Falterviertel, Mausviertel, Neuviertel and Agbruckviertel), each of which was represented by a quarter master. A chapel was built in 1448 on the site of the later St. Jacob's Church (today's parish church). The Eichstätter Prince-Bishop Wilhelm von Reichenau (1464–1496) had the Agbruckor (Eichstätter Tor), Fürstentor (Beilngrieser Tor) and Faltertor (Hausener Tor, Nürnberger Tor) and the 20 towers expanded and strengthened in 1464. The school system was first documented in Greding in 1487.

16th to 18th century

In 1503, Greding was destroyed by a great conflagration over several days: “Forty-five houses fell back then, forty-four towns and rooms everywhere; Two Thorturm and a small one on the town hall, also one out of the city wall. ”During the Peasants' War in 1525, the“ Mässinger Haufen ”took Greding and sacked the Zehentstadel. Count Palatine Friedrich II , however, liberated the city again soon afterwards. The Eichstätt prince-bishop Johann Konrad von Gemmingen confirmed Greding again in 1595 the conferred jurisdiction over the neck. In 1605, Greding was struck by the plague. The Swedes stormed the city in the Thirty Years' War in 1633, plundered it and burned down the town hall, the St. Jacob's Chapel, the Agbruckmühle and the Distelmühle as well as a town house. In 1634 the plague raged again in the city and claimed 307 victims (215 residents, 92 from the surrounding villages). The Swedes are still in the area around Eichstätt. In 1648 the Swedes visit Greding again; the entire war expenditure (including the contribution to the Swedes) amounts to 18,728 guilders (for comparison: a craft property in Greding costs 300 to 600 guilders) without the private damage to the population. After a terrible thunderstorm in 1693, the water in Greding is up to 2.70 meters high. Many residents save themselves on their house roofs. 48 houses and “29 Städel” are flooded. Around 90 meters of the masonry break out of the city wall due to the water pressure. There are two human lives and a lot of "critters" to complain about. The prince-bishop of Eichstätt grants the citizens of Gredingen tax breaks because of the high damage. Prince-Bishop Johann Euchar Schenk von Castell had the Prince-Bishop 's hunting lodge built between 1693 and 1696 according to plans by Jakob Engel . Prince-Bishop Johann Martin von Eyb ordered the construction of the Gredingen town hall in 1699. In 1701 the plague returned to the city and claimed 13 lives. The Eichstätt court architect Gabriel de Gabrieli built the parish church of St. Jakob between 1725 and 1727, which was consecrated as St. Jacob's Church in 1728 by Eichstätt Prince-Bishop Franz Ludwig Schenk von Castell . In 1741 the plague in Greding claimed 40 lives again and Gabriel de Gabrieli built the prince-bishop's hunter's house next to the prince-bishop's palace, which later served as a school. In 1770 and 1771 there is a great famine in Greding. The Gredingen area is occupied by the French in 1796.

19th century

In the course of secularization in 1802, the Hochstift Eichstätt was dissolved. On November 27, 1802, Prince-Bishop Joseph von Stubenberg relieved his subjects in his summer residence in Greding. Two days later, the Bavarian elector took possession of Eichstätt. Through the Treaty of Paris (1802), Greding became part of the Electorate of Salzburg and thus to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany . In 1806 Bavaria becomes a kingdom. Greding (together with Eichstätt) is incorporated from the Electorate of Salzburg-Tuscany into the new Kingdom of Bavaria and subordinated to the General-Landeskommissariat Neuburg an der Donau . Two years later, Greding came to the Bavarian Altmühlkreis based in Eichstätt and in 1810 to the Bavarian Oberdonaukreis based in Eichstätt. In 1809, Greding was combined with Hausen and Mettendorf to form a tax district and dissolved again in 1811. In 1812 the Raitenbuch district court was dissolved due to the lack of rooms and then housed in the Princely Castle in Greding together with the rent office. The Oberdonaukreis was the forerunner of today's administrative district of Swabia. The seat of the General District Commissioner for the Upper Danube District was moved from Eichstätt to Augsburg in 1817. The area around Eichstätt is part of the Regenkreis. In the following years the places Eichstätt, Beilngries and Greding changed several times between the Regenkreis (today Upper Palatinate) and the Rezatkreis (today Middle Franconia). In 1818 Greding had 912 inhabitants (433 men and 479 women) in 174 houses and 195 families.

In 1880 the border between Middle Franconia (formerly the Rezatkreis) and the Upper Palatinate (formerly Regenkreis) is cleared. On January 1, 1880, Greding was spun off from the Beilngries district office , which today largely belongs to the Eichstätt district, and merged with Hilpoltstein, which was still Upper Palatinate before 1880 (at that time still part of the Neumarkt district office in Upper Palatinate ), to form the new Hilpoltstein district office in Middle Franconia. The local railway from Roth to Greding (the "Gredl") opens in 1888.

In 1899, the current Raiffeisen established the power supply in Greding. The electricity was generated using a generator in the Achmühle.

20th century

In 1929 the Greding tax office, which was called the Rentamt from 1812 to 1920, was dissolved. Between 1935 and 1938 the Reichsautobahn, now known as the A9 , was built from Munich to Nuremberg with the Greding junction. The district court of Greding was subordinated to the district court of Nuremberg-Fürth on November 1, 1944, and consultation days were held once a week. With a government ordinance of July 1, 1959, it was completely dissolved. In 1953 a flood diversion ditch was built for the Agbach. In 1955/56 a new school building was built on Berchinger Strasse. In 1966 the school was expanded, a gymnasium built in 1970 and an indoor swimming pool in 1975. On February 14, 1959, the gendarmerie was relocated to Hilpoltstein. In 1964, the test center ( Wehrtechnische Dienststelle 81 ) for telecommunications equipment and electronics was relocated from Surendorf to Greding. At first it was rented in the Prince-Bishop's Palace and later on the Kalvarienberg in the direction of Röckenhofen was built. The first director was Alfred Forstmeyer, who later became an honorary citizen of Greding.

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Greding town center, panoramic view, September 2013

Religions

The population of Greding is predominantly Roman Catholic . It is the seat of the parish of St. Jakobus Greding. In Greding there is also the grave church and the Martin church.

The Protestant parish built the Apostle Church in 1967. She was looked after for many years by the pastor of Offenbau . The pastor of St. Gotthard, Thalmässing, Weißenburg deanery district is now responsible.

Brotherhoods

The Sebastian Brotherhood was founded in 1500 to help the poor, sick and needy and to commemorate the dead in prayer, devotion and worship. Even before 1600, in the course of the Counter-Reformation, a second brotherhood was founded to worship the Most Holy Sacrament of the Altar: The Corpus Christi Brotherhood. The Brotherhood received church permission from Pope Urban VIII on March 6, 1624. On January 24, 1752, Pope Benedict XIV confirmed the Corpus Christi Brotherhood and united it with the Sebastian Brotherhood.

Culture and sights

In the more than 900 years of history, several sights have been created.

town hall

Buildings

→ Main article : List of architectural monuments in Greding

• town hall

The previous building was burned down by Swedish soldiers in the Thirty Years War in 1633. The current baroque building was built in 1699 with the coat of arms of Prince-Bishop Johann Martin von Eyb (1697–1704) in the facade. The architect was probably the court builder Jakob Engel from Eichstätt.

• Catholic parish church St. Jakob

Church of St. Jacob from the inside with side altars

Today's parish church was built between 1725 and 1728 after the previous building, a St. James 'Chapel, was burned down during the Thirty Years' War. Prince-Bishop Franz Ludwig Schenk von Castell held the parish fair on October 17, 1728. The altars were dedicated on the same day to St. James (relics of Serverus and Serverinus), St. Mary (Honestus and Casta) and St. Joseph (Iluminatus and Benedicta). The side altars were obtained from the Eichstätter Jesuit Church in 1735. The main altar was obtained from Rebdorf Abbey at the beginning of the 19th century . Only the altarpiece comes from the previous altar. In 1741 and 1742, the city donated the 2.5 m high Stations of the Cross, which were painted over in the 19th century. In 1742 the wine owner Michael Reidel and his wife Margareta donated a cross reliquary.

• Former prince-bishop's hunter's house

The former forester's house houses the Raiffeisenbank. It was built in 1741, probably under the direction of the court architect of the prince-bishops, Gabriel de Gabrieli . The coat of arms above the entrance stands for Johann Anton II. Freiherr von Freiberg . After the secularization in 1803, the building was acquired by the city of Greding and converted into a schoolhouse with a teacher's apartment. It was a school building until 1966. It was then acquired by Raiffeisenbank Greding and converted into a bank building.

• Prince-Bishop's hunting lodge

lock

The hunting lodge was built in 1696 under Prince Bishop Johann Euchar Schenk von Castell (1685–1697) by court architect Jakob Engel, as the inscription on the building shows. It served as the seat of the city administration and as a residence for hunting events of the prince-bishop. Today the castle is privately owned.

• city ​​wall

City wall with tower

Greding has an almost completely preserved wall ring from the 14th century with 18 towers and 3 gates. This ring encompasses a large area of ​​the city and extends over the surrounding hills.

The towers are clockwise:

1. northwest corner tower
2. Boys tower
3. canceled
4. Thalmayer storm
5. Hutterturm
6. Kripferturm (bridges the Agbach)
7. Flour tower
8. Smoke tower
9. Fürstentor
10. Sammüller
11. Sttreicherlerturm
12. Luselturm
13. Wilberturm
14. Blasiturm (bridges the Agbach)
15. Zeidlerturm
16. Agbruchertor
17. southwest corner tower
18. canceled
19. canceled
20. Faltertor
21. Clergy Tower
22. Kusslerturm

• Romanesque basilica of St. Martin

The most important building in the city stands in the northwest on a hill at the foot of the Calvary, surrounded by a narrow churchyard and the city wall. St. Martin is laid out as a three-aisled Romanesque hall church with three apses on the choir, a design typical of the region. It is the largest Romanesque building in the former Eichstätt monastery .

→ Main article : Martinskirche (Greding)

• Michaelskapelle / Karner / Sebastianskapelle

  Next to the Martinskirche is the Michaelkapelle. In the basement there is an ossuary , the so-called Karner , which contains the bones of around 2500 deceased. It is one of three preserved Karnern ( Chammünster has 5000 bones) in Bavaria. The building probably dates from the 12th century. It can be considered certain that it existed in 1525, since a foundation was established in that year. The ossuary was laid out in the 14th century when the cemetery became too small. This custom was maintained until the 18th century. The chapel was dedicated to the holy maries Sebastian , Chrispin, Chrispinianus , the holy Archangel Michael and all saints . Parish fair was celebrated on the Sunday after the feast day of Saints Simon and Jude.

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St. Martin, Panoramama Blick, September 2013

Museums

• Archeology Museum Greding

The main attraction is the reconstructed entombment of five warriors (" princes of Höbing ") from the time around 720 AD. Due to the remains of clothing (gold braids) and weapons they are counted among the Bavarian nobility of that time.

The collection includes Jurassic fossils and other prehistoric finds as well as exhibits on cave research in the Altmühltal. Another aspect are exhibits on local history.

• Sparkasse Museum

Exhibition on the history of the Sparkasse with old office equipment and machines as well as emergency and inflation money.

Events

Every year on the first weekend in September, the Gredinger Trachtenmarkt takes place on the market square . With around 10,000 visitors, it is one of the most important markets of its kind in Germany.

technology

Würzburg giant, exhibit in Greding

• Radar device " Würzburg-Riese ": Such a radar device is on display on the Kalvarienberg in front of the entrance to the Defense Technology Service Center 81 . Very few of the 1500 of these then ultra-modern radar devices from the Second World War have survived.

Sports

• Aero club
• Fishing club Greding Schwarzachtal e. V.
• Royally privileged fire shooting society Greding
• Greding ski club
• Dance sports club Greding
• Grün-Weiss tennis club
• Gymnastic and sport club

The Challenge Roth bike course runs through Greding .

Sons and daughters of Greding

• Georg Jobst (1552–1620), clergyman, legal scholar and educator
• Johann Steingrübler , from 1698 to 1720 cathedral music director at Eichstätt
• Johann Adam Bleibinhaus (1680–1749), cathedral music director at Eichstätt
• Julius Kopp (1823-1892), politician ( Patriot Party )
• Jakob Zierer (1824–1890), politician and postman
• Anton Biersack (1907–1982), composer
• Basilius Binder (1910–1947), Benedictine and professor of moral theology at the theological faculty in Salzburg
• Jutta Appelt (* 1939), politician (CDU)
• Christian Heiss (* 1967), church musician
• Bernhard Müllers (* 1968), organist

People in connection with Greding

• Alfred Forstmeyer (1902–1989), local history researcher, engineer and ministerial director
• Fredl Fesl (* 1947), musician and singer, spent several years in Greding
• Patrick Lange (* 1981), conductor, grew up in Greding
• Marina Schuster (* 1975), politician (FDP), 2005-2013 member of the German Bundestag, grew up in Greding

literature

• Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Greding . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 2 : El-H . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1800, DNB  790364298 , OCLC 833753081 , Sp. 380-385 ( digitized version ).
• Peter Honig: The urnfield settlement of Greding- "Rohrmeierkeller" . Lkr. Roth, Faustus Vlg, 2001, ISBN 3-933474-12-4 .
• Franz Heiler: Education in the Eichstätt Monastery between the late Middle Ages and Catholic denomination . Reichert Vlg., 1999, ISBN 3-89500-029-9 .
• Lukas Werther: Man and the Environment in the Early and High Middle Ages - Archaeological Research in the Schwarzachtal; in: Local history forays - series of publications of the district of Roth; Issue 31; Hilpoltstein 2012; Pp. 80-86.
• Toni Benz: Greding and its surroundings - one of the “curie de Bawaria” - in the field of tension between German and Bavarian history; in: Collection sheets of the Historical Association of Eichstätt; Volume 125; 103rd year; Eichstätt 2011; Pp. 51-156.
• Ottokar Wagner: Greding - between two millennia; Hilpoltstein 1990; P. 244 ff.

Web links

Commons : Greding  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Greding in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Entry on the coat of arms of Greding (district)  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Greding in the location database of the Bayerische Landesbibliothek Online . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, accessed on September 24, 2019.
• Greding in the Topographia Franconiae of the University of Würzburg , accessed on September 24, 2019.
• Greding in the historical directory of the Verein für Computergenealogie , accessed on September 24, 2019

Individual evidence

1. ^ History of the city of Greding
2. ↑ Greding aktuell , January 2019
3. ^ A Servitium consisted of 5 cows, 40 pigs, 7 suckling pigs, 50 hens, 500 eggs, 10 geese, 90 cheese, 19 pounds of wax, and 4 large loads of wine.
4. ^ Franz Xaver Buchner: The diocese of Eichstätt. Volume I: Eichstätt 1937, p. 394
5. ↑ L. Werther: Man and Environment . In: Local history forays . Issue 21. Hilpoltstein 2012, p. 80-86 .
6. ↑ T. Benz: Greding with his surrounding area ... , In: Collectors sheets of the historical association ... Volume 125, 103rd year, Eichstätt 2011, pp. 51–156.
7. ^ O. Wagner: Greding - between two millennia. Hilpoltstein 1990, p. 244 ff.
8. ^ Ernst Baumgartl: The history of the city of Greding . tape 3 , 1991, pp. 159-163 .
9. ↑ Weinlich, Edgar and Nadler, Martin (the latter from the State Office for the Preservation of Monuments!) - At the gateway to Bavaria - The Lord of Höbing, in: Arauner, Uwe and others, Vom Werden einer Stadt. Ingolstadt since 806, Ingolstadt 2006, pp. 42–45.