Baboons

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Coat of arms of the Babons, excerpt from the Weingartner song manuscript

The Babonen or Pabonen , Puaponen or Paponen were an important Bavarian aristocratic family of the early and high Middle Ages and a branch of the Huosi , the latter were one of the five leading Bavarian families during the time of the formation of the Bavarian tribes until around 1100 .

Historical overview of the tribal history of the Babones

The Babons - after the key names Babo, Papo, Puapo and others. Ä., administered until the end of the 12th century possessions in the Bavarian Donaugau and in the Nordgau (Bavaria) . Today these are the areas of Lower Bavaria and Upper Palatinate .

After the overthrow of the Agilolfinger by Emperor Charlemagne , counts were installed in the Donaugau, to which Regensburg also belonged . Gottfried (806 - 830), Ratpot (830 - 840), Pabo I. (841, 848), Alberat (849 - 871), Engildeo (888 - 895) and Pabo II. (896 - 904); thereafter the count's office came into the hands of the Luitpoldinger until 955 . Around 970 a Burkhard , who was also Margrave of the Marcha orientalis , is mentioned as the first Burgrave of Regensburg ( Praefectus Ratisbonensis ). Since he had joined the uprising of Heinrich the Quarrel against Emperor Otto II , the Ostmark and the burgrave office were taken from him. With the reorganization of the southeast area, the Ostmark came to the Babenberg Luitpold (Leopold I) and the burgrave office to the Babonen, who were also related to the Babenbergs.

Around 976, Emperor Otto II appointed Babo I as Burgrave of Regensburg . Babo I. is identical to Lord von Stefling. In the 12th century, the Babons were bailiffs over the Benedictine monastery Prüll , as well as bailiffs over the St. Emmeram monastery , where their family burial place is located; The Gundershausen estate near Abbach was transferred to the monastery as security . Their lawyers also included the Walderbach monastery , which they founded, and that of Heinrich III. and his brother Otto II. Altmühlmünster Monastery founded in 1155 . Burgrave Otto I was also a co-founder of the Schottenkloster St. Jakob in Regensburg .

Stefling Castle (Stevening (a), Stefningen) near Stefling am Regen in the Bavarian Forest is considered the headquarters of the Babonen . The Regensburg burgrave Otto I is also referred to as Count von Regenstauf around 1125 . His son Heinrich III. and his brother Otto II bear this title. Since the early 12th century, they have also been considered Counts of Riedenburg (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Landgraves of Riedenburg or Burgraves of Riedenburg ). The town's coat of arms of Riedenburg still contains the three typical Babonen roses. Here you can be seen as the founders of Rosenburg , Dachenstein Castle and von Rabenstein . From the diocese of Regensburg they also held the counties around Kufstein and Kitzbühel as well as Sinzing and goods in Tangrintel ( bona in Tangründel ).

Coin of Rutprecht (Babone or Münzmeister) after Heinrich Philipp Cappe, 1850, plate 7, image 77

As burgraves ( Praefectus , vorfectus urbis , burgi comes , Burggravius ) they had the same judicial ( ban on court ), administrative (tax revenue) and military ( army ban ) powers as the counts , as long as they were not restricted by privileges of the diocese of Regensburg or the monasteries. The burgrave office was an imperial fief. The burgrave held the court in the apse of the Aegidia Church , he was supported by a judicial subordinate called the mayor , tribunus or centurio . The right, which existed until 1360, to ride through the streets of the city with a spear placed across the saddle was connected with the city defense; everything that offered resistance to the spear had to be removed (this served to ensure the freedom of the paths around all fortifications). A coin shelf of the burgraves is controversial . At least one coin is attributed to Burgrave Rutprecht (Rupert). On the obverse of this coin there is a cross and a ball in the three corners, and two balls in the fourth corner (this design, with variations, is typical of the Dukes of Bavaria); the inscription is † RVODB.RT . On the back is a five-column church building with the inscription RADASPONA . The obolus weighs 0.75 g. The most common interpretation, however, is that the name refers to a mint master named Routpert of Duke Heinrich IV , who is proven in Regensburg, and not to the burgrave of the same name. However, it is sometimes claimed that this is unusual, because usually the name of the mint is on one side of the coin and the mint is on the other. However, there is no evidence of a coin rack for the Babons.

Count Babo with his 32 sons and 8 daughters (Babotriptych City Museum Abensberg ; excerpt)

In the Bavarian state research, Babo I. (Pabo I.), a relative of the Babenberg Count in the western Danubeau, is considered the progenitor of the Babonen . He received the office of Burgrave of Regensburg from Emperor Otto II around 976. He died in 1001 or 1002. In older literature he is often confused with a Babo II of the same sex who lived in the 11th century. According to the vita of the Salzburg Archbishop Konrad , the latter had an astonishing number of children; a total of 32 sons and eight daughters are said to have been born to him. Nothing is known about the two mothers of the children.

Under the sons of Otto I, the property was divided into two lines: Heinrich III. and his successors are from now on considered the Burgraves of Regensburg, Otto II and his sons as the Landgraves of Stefling. Under Henry III. the family's possessions were expanded considerably, because through his wife Bertha he received goods that stretched from the Mühlviertel to Lower Austria . Heinrich sold part of the Beinwald forest to Otto von Marchland , who handed this property over to the Waldhausen monastery .

After the extinction of the burgrave line of the Babonen in the male line with Heinrich IV. Around 1185 and the line of the Landgrave von Stefling with Otto VI. In 1196 the Counts of Wittelsbach and in particular Duke Ludwig der Kelheimer enforced hereditary claims to the allodal property of the Babones after some armed conflicts (1203/1204) with the diocese of Regensburg , based on the marriage of Adelheid von Wittelsbach with the Babonen Otto II. Founded. The offices of Haidau, Riedenburg, Nittenau and Regenstauf were subsequently formed from this inheritance. The Landgraviate of Stefling was first established by Emperor Heinrich VI. handed over to Duke Ludwig, who then passed it on to the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg .

Famous family members

Two minstrels and a bishop of Regensburg emerged from the family :

coat of arms

A coat of arms of the Babones is missing in the usual heraldic books . However, the Weingartner song manuscript and the Codex Manesse contain pictures of the two members of the Babonen family known as minstrels.

The coat of arms of the Burgrave of Riet (d) enburg is represented in the Codex Manesse with a triangular, golden herald's shield and a slanted bar in which there are three silver roses on a red background. In addition, a high medieval golden bucket helmet can be seen on the right ; the helmet jewel is formed by an ornamental quiver from the center of which a rose grows. In Weingartner's song manuscript he is shown seated with a sword in his right hand and his left hand raised; he wears a count's crown on his head . Next to him is the Babonen coat of arms with the typical three roses.

The burgrave of Regensburg is also represented in the Codex Manesse with a triangular shield, in which the two crossed keys from the Regensburg coat of arms are on a red background. These keys are also attached to the golden helmet as a helmet ornament. He wears a princely hat .

Gravestone of Richardis in the Heiligenkreuz monastery

Tribe list of the Babonen, the Burgraves of Regensburg, the Landgraves of Stefling, the Counts of Sinzing, von Regenstauf and Riedenburg

NN

  1. Babo I., 975 - 980 Count in the western Danube region, 983 Burgrave of Regensburg, 1001 - 1002,
    ⚭ 1st marriage NN,
    ⚭ 2nd marriage NN,
    ⚭ 3rd marriage Mathilde (around 1000), daughter of Ulrich Count von Schweningen ⚭ Kunigunde
    1. Liudolf, 996, a monk at St. Emmeram Monastery
    2. Rutprecht, 990 count, burgrave of Regensburg († 1035)
      1. Babo II., 1028 († 1080)
        ⚭ NN,
        ⚭ NN
      2. NN daughter ⚭ Wolfram I., Graf im Dungau (Abensberg), 1040, 1059
      3. Otto , Canon of Bamberg , 1061 - 1089 Bishop of Regensburg († June 6, 1089)
      4. Heinrich I, 1048, burgrave of Regensburg, 1053 count an der lower Altmühl , 1080 count von Sinzing († September 30 around 1083)
        1. Heinrich II., 1089 burgrave of Regensburg, 1091 count an der lower Altmühl, 1100 crusade to Jerusalem (†)
        2. Otto I., Count 1108, 1112 Burgrave of Regensburg, around 1125 Count von Regenstauf , 1140 Vogt of the Monastery ofprüfung , 1142 Vogt of the Monastery of St. Emmeram
          ⚭ Adelheid von Plötzkau, daughter of Count Dietrich von Plötzkau
          1. Heinrich III., Count around 1135, count in 1142 burgrave of Regensburg and count an der lower Altmühl, 1144 count in the western Donaugau, 1147 count von Regenstauf, around 1150 count von Riedenburg , bailiff of convent testing, 1156 bailiff of convent St. Emmeram,
            ⚭ Berta of Austria (* approx. 1124, † April 19, 1150, buried in the Schottenkloster in Regensburg ), daughter of the Babenberger Leopold III. ⚭ NN of Oettingen
            1. Friedrich I, 1154 Burgrave of Regensburg, 1171 Count of Riedenburg († July 17, 1181)
            2. Heinrich IV., 1174 Burgrave of Regensburg, 1179 Count of Riedenburg, († January 4, 1185)
            3. Adelheid, around 1190, nun, then abbess of Obermünster Abbey
            4. Otto IV., 1179 Count of Riedenburg, 1183 Burgrave of Rohrbach, 1173/83
            5. NN daughter ⚭ Friedrich I., Count of Hohenburg († January 26, 1178)
            6. NN daughter ⚭ Boppo I., Count of Wertheim , 1157/1201
          2. Otto II., 1143, Landgrave, 1152 Burgrave of Regensburg, 1156 Landgrave of Stefling , around 1160 Count von Regenstauf († August 16, 1175),
            ⚭ Adelheid († February 9 ...), daughter of Otto V. von Scheyern from Wittelsbach ⚭ Heilika von Lengenfeld
            1. Otto III., 1179 Landgrave von Stefling, 1167, 1190
            2. Friedrich II., Around 1189.1181, Landgrave von Stefling, 1177–1178 / 1190 († June 10 ...)
            3. Otto von Stefling, 1179 Canon of Bamberg
            4. Heinrich V, around 1190 Landgrave of Riedenburg, 1173 († May 1, 1190), ⚭ Richardin (Richenza) of Austria (Babenbergerin) around 1185/1196 († February 24 ..., buried in the Heiligenkreuz monastery ), daughter of Duke Heinrich II. Jasomirgott ⚭ Gertrud von Sachsen , daughter of Emperor Lothar III.
            5. Otto VI., Landgrave of Stefling 1192, († October 31, 1196 in Hungary)
            6. Heinrich († 1218), Canon of Bamberg

Manorial areas in their possession

Web links

literature

  • Manfred Mayer: History of the Burgraves of Regensburg . Riegersche Univ.-Buchhandlung, Diss. Munich 1883.
  • Manfred Mayer: Regesten on the history of the burgraves of Regensburg . In: Negotiations of the historical association of Upper Palatinate and Regensburg 43 (1889), pp. 1–55. [1]

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Heinz Löwe : The Carolingian Empire and the Southeast. Studies on the development of Germanness and its confrontation with Rome . In: Research on Church and Spiritual History 13 . Stuttgart 1937, p. 25 .
  2. ^ Manfred Mayer: History of the Burgraves of Regensburg . Riegersche Univ.-Buchhandlung, Munich 1883.
  3. ↑ Manfred Mayer, 1883, p. 9.
  4. ↑ "property right, bulk law". In: German legal dictionary . Retrieved March 19, 2019 .
  5. ^ Heinrich Philipp Cappe: The coins of the dukes of Baiern, the burgraves of Regensburg and the bishops of Augsburg from the tenth and eleventh centuries. Self-published, Dresden year 1850, p. 48.
  6. ↑ Manfred Mayer, 1883, pp. 20f.
  7. ^ Mayer: History of the Burgraves, 1883.
  8. ^ F. Janner: History of the bishops of Regensburg. Volume 1, 1883.
  9. ↑ Friedrich Prinz (Ed.): Handbook of Bavarian History. Volume I, p. 301.
  10. ^ Mayer: Regesten zur Geschichte der Burggrafen (1889), p. 28.
  11. ↑ Adam Rottler: Abensberg through the ages. P. 26.
  12. ↑ Yearbooks of Literature, Volumes 87-88 page = 35, access = 2018-03-20
  13. ^ Gerhard Köbler : Babonen (gender) . In: Historical Lexicon of the German States. The German territories and imperial immediate families from the Middle Ages to the present . 6th, completely revised. Verlag CH Beck, 1999, ISBN 3-406-44333-8 , p. 31 .
  14. ↑ Franz Tyroller:  Babonen. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 481 ( digitized version ).
  15. ↑ Master list based on Detlev Schwennike (Hrsg.), Europäische Stammtafeln. Family tables on the history of the European states. New series (Volume XVI). JA Stargardt, Berlin: 1995 plate 79.