Exile

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Heerbann (formerly also Heermannie, mhd. Herban , ahd. Heriban ; Middle Latin heribannus , French arrière-ban ) was in the Imperial Army Constitution of the Holy Roman Empire the commandment of all free landowners capable of armed forces for military service , i.e. H. to an imperial war.

According to the original meaning of the word (ahd. Bannan “command” or “forbid”, actually “speak”), the army ban was a “call” from the king or duke to military service; see also Königsbann .

historical development

In the regulation of the army ban, which was necessary due to the constant campaigns of Charlemagne , it was divided into seven classes, or so-called army shields , according to the rank of those liable . The campaigns, which were fought out with the help of the army ban, were called army journeys, the participation of the vassal army succession .

In addition to the exile, the feudal system developed early on , as a result of which, after the death of Charlemagne, the exile fell more and more. Since this became very difficult for poorer landowners, several of whom had to jointly equip a warrior (there was one man for every three hooves ), they tried to evade it by placing themselves under the protection and at the service of the mightier from which they were supported in equipping or even completely exempted from military service.

Towards the end of the 10th century this led to the reorganization of the entire war constitution. The armies of the kings no longer consisted of the totality of the free, but of the more powerful imperial officials or vassals and their servants, and those who did not do military service were leased for an army tax.

At the time of the Crusades , when the feudal system reached its peak, the military ban had almost completely disappeared in all western empires.

literature

  • Gerhard Schreiber: Structural principles of army ban and fleet in the north Germanic . In: Schiff & Zeit , Vol. 12 (1980), pp. 27-40, ISSN  1432-7880

Individual evidence

  1. See the indications of origin to ban with Duden online
  2. See Heerbann at Duden online

Web links

Wiktionary: Heerbann  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations