Walderbach Monastery
| Walderbach Monastery | |
|---|---|
|
|
| location |
 Germany Bavaria |
| Lies in the diocese | Diocese of Regensburg |
| Coordinates: | 49 ° 11 '4.2 " N , 12 ° 22' 41.9" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
192 |
| founding year | 1130 by Augustinian canons |
| Cistercian since | 1669 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1803 |
| Mother monastery |
Waldsassen Abbey Aldersbach Abbey |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
no |
The monastery Walderbach is a former abbey of the Cistercians in Walderbach in Bavaria and is considered Kreismuseum Walderbach from the district of Cham used.
history
From the foundation to the abolition of the monastery in 1556
Around 1140, Burgrave Otto I von Riedenburg founded an Augustinian canons consecrated to the Mother of God and St. Nicholas as a house monastery and family burial place from the House of Babones in Walderbach . The monastery was first mentioned in 1143 when it was converted into a Cistercian monastery and thus occupied by the Waldsassen monastery . No further monasteries were founded from Walderbach. The founding of the monastery is seen as a demonstration of power by the Babonen against the Diepoldinger Rapotonen , who shortly after founded the monasteries Reichenbach and Waldsassen. In addition to the founder of the monastery, Richardis , a sister of Leopold V of Austria, should also be mentioned as the benefactress of the monastery; She donated 300 people to the monastery, not counting children, of whom the men had to pay five pfennigs and the women three pfennigs in taxes. The founder endowed the monastery with properties in Middle Franconia (e.g. Auernheim near Treuchtlingen , Hofstetten and Meckenhausen near Hilpoltstein ) and Lower Austria (e.g. Gottsdorf near Persenbeug or Untergrafendorf near Böheimkirchen ), but also in the Upper Palatinate (e.g. Biberbach near Treffelstein , Taimering near Riekofen ). Pope Innocent IV placed the monastery and its possessions under his protection in 1249; 94 localities, houses, properties and a grangie are listed. The possessions of Walderbach were also significantly expanded by donations from noble families in the catchment area of the Regen , with donations from the families of the Satzenhofen , the Segensberger, the Peilsteiner , the Hohenfelser , the Kürner zu Kürn , the Hautzendorfer , the Buchberger , the Zenger von Altendorf , the Lichtenwaldern , the Hofer von Lobenstein or those von Neuhaus should be mentioned. For the Hofer von Lobenstein the monastery was also the burial place. The property remained until the monastery was dissolved in 1803. The monastery flourished in the 13th and 14th centuries and also had a rich library. At the beginning of the 15th century, the general chapter of the Cistercians in Cîteaux felt compelled to intervene because of the decline in monastic customs in Walderbach. However, a little later the monastery was attacked and sacked by the Hussite Wars .
Abolition of the monastery, re-establishment and secularization
In the course of the Reformation initiated by Ottheinrich in 1556 , the monastery was abolished and administered by secular administrators. At the end of 1562 the last member of the order left the monastery and in 1563 it was officially closed.
In 1669 the monastery was re-established and repopulated by Cistercians from the Aldersbach monastery . The buildings were rebuilt in the baroque style at the end of the 17th century . The monastery church, which partly dates from the 12th century, remained largely unchanged.
The monastery was finally dissolved in 1803 in the course of secularization . The real estate and some buildings were auctioned in 1804. The church became a Catholic parish church and the monastery buildings were successively housed in the rent office , regional court, rectory and a forester's apartment. A brewery was set up in the western wing. Today the Cham district museum is housed in a wing. The library and archive were closed and moved to Amberg and are now in the Amberg State Archives .
Monastery church
architecture
Of architectural interest are the church building, largely preserved in its original Romanesque form, and the originally preserved ornamental paintings on the ribs, divider and belt arches of the vaults. The three-storey rococo tower of the church with its pilasters and onion dome was only built in 1779 in place of the originally Romanesque vestibule. On the north side of the church there is an elongated Gothic chapel extension from the 14th century with two-lane, otherwise single-lane tracery windows on the east side.
The church is a Romanesque hall church from the last third of the 12th century with eight bays and ribbed vaults. The original east end with three apses , as evidenced by excavations, has not been preserved. It was replaced by a three-sided east end in the Rococo period. In addition, the spatial effect is characterized by the progressive shape of the vaults typical of the Cistercian order. According to Georg Dehio , the Walderbach monastery church is one of the most interesting vaulted buildings in the Bavarian homeland. The exterior structure is determined by the arched windows that were enlarged in the 18th century. In the west, the church is accessed through a two-tiered vestibule portal that was built around 1200 and has variously profiled pillars, which today stands inside the tower.
Inside, the Romanesque design of the nave is very well preserved. Cross-shaped pillars with inserted round bars support the cross-ribbed vaults, which are rectangular in the central nave and square ribbed vaults in the side aisles. A vaulted gallery is built in to the west. In the two western bays, the width of the central nave increases slightly to the east. The choir is closed by a barrel vault with stitch caps over a pilaster structure. The coat of arms of Abbot Gerardus Paumann, who was in office from 1752 to 1768, is affixed above the slightly receding choir arch .
Furnishing
Several altars from the second half of the 18th century form the main pieces of equipment. The main altar is a broadly proportioned, four-column canopy structure with late baroque-early classical ornamentation. The altar panel shows the patrons of the Church of St. Nicholas and Mary; As side figures with golden frames, St. Bernard is shown on the left and St. Luitgard kneeling in front of the crucified Christ on the right. Carved reliefs with scenes from the life of St. Nicholas can be found on the column bases.
Six side altars are designed as flat column structures with ornaments made of tendrils, bandels or shells. The eastern altars are decorated with rich reliquary tabernacles of Saints Probus and Fausta as well as with altar leaves by Valentin Reischl from Waldmünchen, showing Saint Sebastian on the left and Saint Johann Nepomuk on the right . The middle altars are dedicated to St. Bernard and the Fourteen Helpers in Need. The northwest side altar in the painting shows the death of St. Joseph and the side figures of Saints Joachim and Anna, the opposite altar in the painting shows the martyrdom of Saint Barbara and the side figures of Saints Johann Baptist and Elisabeth.
The pulpit is decorated with rocaille ornamentation and is crowned with an angel who presents the tablets of the law. The organ prospect from around 1760 was created by Conrad Wild and bears the coat of arms of Abbot Gerardus Paumann († 1768). The work from 1983 is by Michael Weise and has 24 stops on two manuals and a pedal .
The pictures of the Stations of the Cross, dated to 1735, are provided with Latin and German sayings, the 15th station shows St. Helena . Of the grave monuments, the grave slab of the founder of Walderbach Monastery, Burgrave Otto I († 1143) in the slab floor in front of the choir arch is particularly important. On the gallery pillars, the red marble slabs with the figural reliefs of Abbots Georg († 1536, north side) and Georg Thannhauser († 1521, south side) should be noted. Another unusual epitaph is the etched plate with a depiction of the crucifixion and with numerous coats of arms from the ancestral test for the virgin Agnes Hofer von Lobenstein († 1599), a Regensburg work from 1606.
Monastery building
The south adjoining monastery buildings were rebuilt around 1680. They are grouped around a rectangular inner courtyard, with an extension building attached to the south wing to the west. Since 1962, the monastery buildings have housed a museum, a kindergarten and an inn.
The monastery buildings are three-storey hipped roof buildings with diamond blocks as corner emphasis and window crowning. A slightly asymmetrical, segmental arch projecting risalit with a somewhat more sophisticated structure (including a volute gable) is attached to the extension building mentioned above , behind which the two-storey ballroom is located. The prelature is housed in the west wing and in the eastern part of the extension wing . A bay window with three wrought-iron window bars from the beginning of the 18th century is arranged above the entrance on the west side.
In the mostly vaulted rooms, the stuccoing of the ceilings from the construction period has largely been preserved. In the two-storey ballroom, which was once adjoined by the guest wing on the west side, there are long, originally vaulted windows on both sides and a flat mirror vault with stitch caps. The vaulted ceiling from 1768, which is attributed to Otto Gebhard fromprüfunging, shows Joseph's banquet in Egypt. The coats of arms of the abbots Gerardus Paumann (1752–1768), Nivardus Bixel (1768–1775) and the monastery (coats of arms of the Queen of Hungary and the burgrave of Regensburg-Steffling) are shown between the stabbing caps, on the west and east sides Seasons.
On the first floor of the west wing, there is a single-pillar room with two cross-arched yokes and a yellow-glazed, classicist tiled stove from 1817. To the south-east there is a room with a ceiling fresco depicting Saint Mary Magdalene as penitent and labeled “ CD Asam invenit 1718”. Two door frames from 1680 can also be found in the west wing.
The monastery enclosure wall from the second half of the 17th century and the garden wall with two portals from the 17th / 18th century. Century are largely preserved. To the north of the monastery district, the former monastery judge's house with a plaque for Franz Xaver Witt, who was born here, was built in 1913, a building with a gable roof from the 17th and 18th centuries. Century, which was later increased and used as a school house,
literature
- Heribert Batzl: Walderbach. From the history of a Cistercian monastery in Upper Palatinate. Landratsamt, Cham 1988, ISBN 3-931210-02-2 , 144 pages
- Heribert Batzl: Secularization of the year 1803. The end of the Walderbach monastery . In: Die Oberpfalz , 91, 2003, pp. 280–284.
- Manuela Daschner: The possessions of the Cistercian monastery Walderbach (1669–1802). Manorial rule, administrative system and economic management of an Upper Palatinate monastery . In: Regensburg Contributions to Regional History , 15, Archives of the St. Katharinenspital, Ed. Vulpes, Regensburg 2013.
- Manuela Daschner: The Walderbach Monastery and its possessions in the Middle Ages. In Tobias Appl; Manfred Knedlik (Ed.), Upper Palatinate Monastery Landscape. The monasteries, monasteries and colleges of the Upper Palatinate. Pp. 102 - 114. Friedrich Pustet , Regensburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7917-2759-2 .
- Hans Faltermeier: The maintenance of music in the Walderbach monastery at the end of the 18th century and its most important composer, Eugen Pausch (1758–1838) . In: Manfred Knedlik, Georg Schrott (eds.): Solemnitas; Baroque festival culture in monasteries in Upper Palatinate. Contributions to the 1st symposium of the Waldsassen Abbey Culture and Meeting Center from October 25th to 27th, 2002 . Publications of the culture and meeting center Abtei Waldsassen 1, Kallmünz 2003, pp. 75–93.
- Harald Gieß: The ballroom in the former Cistercian monastery Walderbach. History - equipment - restoration . In: Yearbook of Bavarian Monument Preservation , 45/46 (1991/92; 1999), pp. 145–165.
- Bärbel Kleindorfer-Marx: The Cistercian Abbey Walderbach . In: Contributions to the history in the district of Cham 2 (1985), pp. 25–37.
- Theodor Mayer: Fundatio monasterii in Walderbach along with previous memories about the family of the Regensburg Burgraves, Counts of Stevening and Ridenburg . In: Archive for Customer Austrian History Sources 12 (1854), pp. 247–266.
- Georg Prantl: The existing buildings of the Cistercian monastery Walderbach in 1803 . In: Contributions to history in the district of Cham 10 (1993), pp. 151–157.
- Norbert E. Schmid: 850 years of the Cistercian monastery in Walderbach. Publications and exhibitions . In: Die Oberpfalz , 81, 1993, pp. 254-255.
- Florian Stuiber-Kilger: The economic and social consequences of secularization using the example of the Walderbach and Reichenbach monasteries . In: Rodinger Heimat , 5, 1988, pp. 137-141.
- The pearl fisherman's daughter . In: Fliegende Blätter , Volume 1, 1845, Issues 12 and 13, pp. 89-92 and 97-101 ( Wikisource ) - a story with references to the Walderbach monastery
Web links
- Excellent representation of the construction, history and ideal of the Cistercians
-
Walderbach Monastery , basic data and history:
Peter Morsbach: Cistercian Monastery Walderbach - Romanesque in Regental in the database of Monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Georg Dehio: Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bavaria V: Regensburg and the Upper Palatinate. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03118-0 , pp. 830–834.
- ↑ Information about the organ on orgbase.nl. Retrieved April 22, 2019 .