Single support room

Chapel of the Cusanus pin in Bernkastel-Kues

A single column room is a special form of column arrangement in Gothic rooms.

Building type

Palmette pillars in the apse of the Jacobin Convent in Toulouse

In the single- pillar room, a central pillar supports the vault of the room. This type of building is available both as a liturgical space ( church , chapel ) and as a functional building in a sacred context, for example as a chapter house or library room . In addition to “real” one-pillar buildings, i.e. rooms in which, apart from the outer walls, there is only one column arranged in the middle, the choirs of two-aisled churches are also included. These include B .:

• Ediger , St. Martin
• Toulouse , Jacobin Convent
  • church
  • Chapter House

Single-pillar rooms are also created when small, single-nave churches are subsequently expanded to include a nave or when square rooms with a large span are subsequently vaulted using a central support (for example in the village churches in Recknitz and Börnicke near Bernau ). They can also be found in secular buildings , for example in Tangermünde's town hall .

history

This form arose as a building type in the second half of the 14th century in Bohemia , from where it found its way to Austria . From the 15th century this construction method was introduced to Germany by Nikolaus von Kues and used in the hospital church in Bernkastel-Kues from 1452 onwards. From there it spread further in the region.

Also in the north of Bohemia, in Saxony and further north in Upper Lusatia , Einstützenkirchen spread from the Bohemian area.

distribution

Bohemia (Czech Republic)

Floor plan of St. Mary on the Lawn , Prague

• Prague , P. Marie na slupi , from 1360 and after destruction in the Hussite Wars until 1480
• Vetlá , parish church of St. Jacob, 1390

Poland

• Muchobór Wielki (Groß Mochbern), parish church

Austria

• Freistadt , All Saints Chapel, after 1370

Germany

Bavaria

• St. Magdalena (Hausbach) , Gothic conversion of a Romanesque round church
• St. Peter and Paul (Oberbuch) , Gothic two-aisled hall church with star vault

Moselle-Eifel region

Pilgrimage church Mater Dolorosa in Lutzerath-Driesch

• Bernkastel-Kues , St. Nikolaus Hospital
  • Hospital Church, from 1452
  • Library room above the sacristy, 1494/1495 ( dendrochronological dating )
• Kerpen , former castle chapel , 16th century
• Klausen , library room above the sacristy of the pilgrimage church of the Visitation of Mary , 1491
• Kronenburg , St. Johann Baptist , shortly after 1500
• Lutzerath-Driesch , Pilgrimage Church Mater Dolorosa , 1477/1478
• Meckel , former parish church of St. Bartholomäus, which is now used as a cemetery chapel.
• Merl , sacristy of the Church of St. Michael , formerly perhaps the chapter house, 15th century
• Reil , pilgrimage church, demolished in 1842, one-pillar church built in 1390 through reconstruction
• Rockeskyll , Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, 1511
• Steinborn , St. Lambertus
• Traben-Trarbach , Evangelical Parish Church, 1491
• Ueß , St. Luzia

East Germany

Kreuzkirche , Zittau (panoramic view)

• Erfurt , preacher's monastery , library room
• Prohn village church in Western Pomerania
• Schöpstal- Ebersbach, St. Barbara
• Tangermünde Town Hall
• Zittau ,
  • Kreuzkirche
  • Franciscan monastery , sacristy (formerly: Nikolauskapelle) and chapter house

Belgium

• Büllingen , St. Eligius , around 1515
• Weweler , St. Hubertus , shortly after 1500

France

• Paris , Hôtel de Cluny , around 1500
• Toulouse , St-Sernin , crypt , 11th century

England

Chapter House of Lincoln Cathedral

• Lincoln , Lincoln Cathedral , Chapter House
• London , Westminster Abbey , Chapter House

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

• Andreas Britz: A cardinal and his building idea. Nikolaus von Kues and the one-pillar churches in the Eifel . In: Rheinische Denkmalpflege . Vol. 53, No. 3, 2016, ISSN  0342-1805 , pp. 173-184, here 172-177.
• Klaus Freckmann and Michael Leonhardt: The Cusanusstift in Bernkastel-Kues and its one-pillar church - a Central European location . In: INSITU 2018/2, pp. 211–226.
• Paul Schotes: Late Gothic one- pillar churches and two-aisled hall churches in the Rhineland . Aachen undated [around 1970].

Individual evidence

1. ^ Dehio: Rhineland-Palatinate. Saarland: Bernkastel-Kues, St. Nikolaus Hospital Church.
2. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, pp. 218f.
3. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, pp. 225f.
4. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, pp. 224f.
5. ^ Rudolf Koch: Church architecture in the Mühlviertel up to the end of the Romanesque period. Retrieved August 25, 2015 . 
6. ^ Rudolf Koch: Church building during the Gothic period in Upper Austria. 2009 in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
7. ↑ Bernkastel-Kues-Kues: cath. St. Nicholas Hospital Church (1458). In: kirchbau.de. Retrieved August 25, 2015 . 
8. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 211.
9. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 219.
10. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 219.
11. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 219.
12. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 219.
13. ↑ Burgkapelle Kerpen ( Memento of the original from September 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . 
14. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.
15. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.
16. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 221.
17. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 221.
18. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, pp. 219f.
19. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 220.
20. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.
21. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.
22. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 226.
23. ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.