Single support room
A single column room is a special form of column arrangement in Gothic rooms.
Building type
In the single- pillar room, a central pillar supports the vault of the room. This type of building is available both as a liturgical space ( church , chapel ) and as a functional building in a sacred context, for example as a chapter house or library room . In addition to “real” one-pillar buildings, i.e. rooms in which, apart from the outer walls, there is only one column arranged in the middle, the choirs of two-aisled churches are also included. These include B .:
- Ediger , St. Martin
-
Toulouse , Jacobin Convent
- church
- Chapter House
Single-pillar rooms are also created when small, single-nave churches are subsequently expanded to include a nave or when square rooms with a large span are subsequently vaulted using a central support (for example in the village churches in Recknitz and Börnicke near Bernau ). They can also be found in secular buildings , for example in Tangermünde's town hall .
history
This form arose as a building type in the second half of the 14th century in Bohemia , from where it found its way to Austria . From the 15th century this construction method was introduced to Germany by Nikolaus von Kues and used in the hospital church in Bernkastel-Kues from 1452 onwards. From there it spread further in the region.
Also in the north of Bohemia, in Saxony and further north in Upper Lusatia , Einstützenkirchen spread from the Bohemian area.
distribution
Bohemia (Czech Republic)
- Prague , P. Marie na slupi , from 1360 and after destruction in the Hussite Wars until 1480
- Vetlá , parish church of St. Jacob, 1390
Poland
- Muchobór Wielki (Groß Mochbern), parish church
Austria
- Freistadt , All Saints Chapel, after 1370
Germany
Bavaria
- St. Magdalena (Hausbach) , Gothic conversion of a Romanesque round church
- St. Peter and Paul (Oberbuch) , Gothic two-aisled hall church with star vault
Moselle-Eifel region
-
Bernkastel-Kues , St. Nikolaus Hospital
- Hospital Church, from 1452
- Library room above the sacristy, 1494/1495 ( dendrochronological dating )
- Kerpen , former castle chapel , 16th century
- Klausen , library room above the sacristy of the pilgrimage church of the Visitation of Mary , 1491
- Kronenburg , St. Johann Baptist , shortly after 1500
- Lutzerath-Driesch , Pilgrimage Church Mater Dolorosa , 1477/1478
- Meckel , former parish church of St. Bartholomäus, which is now used as a cemetery chapel.
- Merl , sacristy of the Church of St. Michael , formerly perhaps the chapter house, 15th century
- Reil , pilgrimage church, demolished in 1842, one-pillar church built in 1390 through reconstruction
- Rockeskyll , Parish Church of St. Bartholomew, 1511
- Steinborn , St. Lambertus
- Traben-Trarbach , Evangelical Parish Church, 1491
- Ueß , St. Luzia
East Germany
- Erfurt , preacher's monastery , library room
- Prohn village church in Western Pomerania
- Schöpstal- Ebersbach, St. Barbara
- Tangermünde Town Hall
-
Zittau ,
- Kreuzkirche
- Franciscan monastery , sacristy (formerly: Nikolauskapelle) and chapter house
Belgium
- Büllingen , St. Eligius , around 1515
- Weweler , St. Hubertus , shortly after 1500
France
- Paris , Hôtel de Cluny , around 1500
- Toulouse , St-Sernin , crypt , 11th century
England
- Lincoln , Lincoln Cathedral , Chapter House
- London , Westminster Abbey , Chapter House
literature
in alphabetical order by authors / editors
- Andreas Britz: A cardinal and his building idea. Nikolaus von Kues and the one-pillar churches in the Eifel . In: Rheinische Denkmalpflege . Vol. 53, No. 3, 2016, ISSN 0342-1805 , pp. 173-184, here 172-177.
- Klaus Freckmann and Michael Leonhardt: The Cusanusstift in Bernkastel-Kues and its one-pillar church - a Central European location . In: INSITU 2018/2, pp. 211–226.
- Paul Schotes: Late Gothic one- pillar churches and two-aisled hall churches in the Rhineland . Aachen undated [around 1970].
Individual evidence
- ^ Dehio: Rhineland-Palatinate. Saarland: Bernkastel-Kues, St. Nikolaus Hospital Church.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, pp. 218f.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, pp. 225f.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, pp. 224f.
- ^ Rudolf Koch: Church architecture in the Mühlviertel up to the end of the Romanesque period. Retrieved August 25, 2015 .
- ^ Rudolf Koch: Church building during the Gothic period in Upper Austria. 2009 in the forum OoeGeschichte.at
- ↑ Bernkastel-Kues-Kues: cath. St. Nicholas Hospital Church (1458). In: kirchbau.de. Retrieved August 25, 2015 .
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 211.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 219.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 219.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 219.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 219.
- ↑ Burgkapelle Kerpen ( Memento of the original from September 18, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 221.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 221.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, pp. 219f.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 220.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 226.
- ↑ Freckmann / Leonhardt, p. 222.