Aldersbach Monastery
| Aldersbach Monastery | |
|---|---|
 The former abbey church of the Assumption of Mary |
|
| location |
 Germany Bavaria |
| Lies in the diocese | Diocese of Passau |
| Coordinates: | 48 ° 35 '15.5 " N , 13 ° 5' 9.8" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
217 |
| Patronage | Assumption Day |
| founding year | 1120 by Augustinian canons |
| Cistercian since | 1146 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1803 |
| Mother monastery | Ebrach Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
Fürstenfeld Monastery (1263) |
Monastery Aldersbach (Latin Abbatia Alderspacum ) is a former Cistercian - abbey in Aldersbach in Bavaria in the diocese of Passau .
history
From foundation to secularization (1803)
Already in the sedentary period of Bishop Engelmar von Passau (875–899) there was a church in Aldersbach, which is mentioned for the first time in the tradition codex of the Mondsee Monastery for the middle of the 8th century. Around the year 1120, an Augustinian canon monastery was founded here by the local nobility . Soon after its construction, Bishop Otto I von Bamberg took the initiative, similar to the nearby Asbach monastery and the Osterhofen monastery .
In 1146, according to the house tradition on July 2nd, the Augustinian canons' monastery was taken over by the Cistercians of the Ebrach monastery and consecrated to the Holy Mary Mother of God according to their tradition.
The Ebrach monastery was founded in 1127 by the French monastery Morimond . In the 13th and 14th centuries it had an important scriptorium and its own goldsmith's workshop. A conflicting abbot election in 1361 brought the monastery to the brink of ruin, from which it only recovered 100 years later.
The Aldersbach monastery experienced a great heyday from the Counter Reformation (mid-16th century) until its abolition. The abbots mostly held the office of vicar general of the Bavarian Church Province and visited seven male monasteries and one female convent ( Seligenthal ) in this function . The philosophical-theological home school , which Abbot Malachias Niederhofer (officiating 1669–1683) established, is a testimony to the level of education and science in Aldersbach in the 18th century . The plan of a central teaching institution for general studies for the next generation of the Cistercians in Bavaria could not be implemented because of the secularization. The practical music maintenance in the monastery was also at a high level. Some abbots were active as musicians and composers. The monastery had an impressive orchestra with an extensive music archive of numerous printed and handwritten music by well-known musicians, including 58 symphonies.
Overall, the monastery experienced all ups and downs in the course of its history: wealth, splendor, scientific excellence and exemplary monastic life were in constant ups and downs with looting as a result of war events, diseases such as the plague , incompetent abbots and finally the politically motivated repeal by the Secularization in 1803.
When on March 21, 1803, the abolition commissioner announced the abolition of the monastery under Abbot Urban Tremel (officiating 1797–1803), a flourishing monastery with 42 monks was almost seven centuries before its abrupt end.
Daughter monasteries
Several other significant Cistercian abbeys were founded from Aldersbach, the monasteries Fürstenzell (Lkr. Passau) (1274), Fürstenfeldbruck (1258) and Gotteszell (1285) and the Walderbach monastery (1669). The Seligenthal Landshut monastery , which still exists today, has been looked after from Aldersbach since the 17th century . Monks ordained priests were also sent to parishes in the area, such as Rotthalmünster .
secularization
After nationalization - commonly referred to as secularization - the monks and servants of the monastery were first dismissed; while the monks received a small pension or found accommodation as pastors in the area, the servants became unemployed. The extensive possessions such as fish ponds, agricultural properties, forests and all the furniture that once belonged to the monastery were auctioned. The important library, comprising over 40,000 volumes, was closed by the electoral library commissioner Johann Christoph von Aretin . Manuscripts, incunabula and rare prints came to today's Bayerische Staatsbibliothek in Munich. The remaining books, mainly prints from the 18th century, went to the university library in Landshut, the predecessor of today's Munich university library, and to the grammar school in Straubing. The official books and files were brought to the Bavarian Main State Archives . The books that remained in the monastery and were not found to be worth keeping by any of the aforementioned institutions were sold as waste paper at a kilo price. The modest proceeds went to the Electorate or the Kingdom of Bavaria.
Todays use
The church designed by the Asam brothers (also called "Dom des Vilstals ") was supposed to be demolished, but after violent protests by some citizens, it was elevated to the parish church of the Aldersbach community, which was under construction from 1806.
1804, which belongs to the monastery brewery was first to a brewer from Passau , in 1811 at the since 1806 in the near Haide Castle resident Johann Adam von Aretin sold. He also purchased a large part of the monastery buildings, the port church at the entrance to the monastery and other land and forests that had not yet been sold. The earlier monastery buildings were used very differently: the Portenkirche served at times as a storage room for fertilizers, until the 1930s the Mallersdorfer sisters in the monastery maintained a “children's institution”, ie a kindergarten ; other parts of the monastery were converted into apartments. During times of war there was a military hospital and after the Second World War the rooms offered refugees from the east their first accommodation. The former library served as a gym.
In the course of time, but especially in recent years, the former monastic property and real estate had to be sold again and again for economic reasons. In contrast, the majority of the brewery is family-owned.
The “Förderkreis Kloster Aldersbach”, founded in 1983, took over the monastery from the Aretin family and has set itself the task of saving the buildings of what was once the most important Cistercian monastery in Bavaria from decay and putting them back into a contemporary use. With a cost of around six million euros and with strong support from the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation , this goal was almost achieved. The money comes mainly from the compensation fund of the Free State of Bavaria and the German Foundation for Environmental Protection as well as from private donations. After several years of difficult restoration work - as the last construction measure for the time being - the art-historically significant Fürstensaal was reopened by State Minister Thomas Goppel and made accessible to the public. Because of the frescoes with scenes from the life of King Solomon, this room is now predominantly referred to as the “Salomons Hall”. As in the monastic past, cultural events are to take place here again in the future.
The original goal of monastic repopulation has not yet been achieved, but it is not being given up. From 1990 to the summer of 2004 a Cistercian monk lived in Aldersbach with Father Stephan Holzhauser from Zwettl Abbey (Austria).
Today's monastery complex is divided into the parish area belonging to the church (pastor's apartment), the public area with a restaurant and an educational establishment with several seminar rooms. The former monk cells are used as guest rooms, the other rooms, such as the "Modlersaal" (former dining room of the abbot and his guests) are available for seminars, training courses and private events. The refectory (dining room) of the monastery now serves as the ballroom for the Aldersbach brewery and is integrated into the nationally known “Bräustüberl”.
The former school building now houses the town hall with the entire municipal administration, the former utility buildings are used as a building yard for the municipality, and the local kindergarten is located in the monastery hospital area (infirmary).
Since 2004, the support group, which had around 300 members in 2007, has been organizing three concerts each with the title “Aldersbacher Frühling” and three readings (“Aldersbacher Herbstlese”) together with the international artist house Villa Concordia in Bamberg (an institution belonging to the Free State of Bavaria). Artists such as Conny Froboess , Manfred Krug , Erika Pluhar , the Kuss Quartet , Udo Samel , German Brass , Ludwig Güttler with his ensemble, The King's Singers , the Büchner Prize winner Martin Mosebach and Gudrun Landgrebe performed .
From April 29 to October 30, 2016, the Bavarian State Exhibition entitled Beer in Bavaria took place in the former Aldersbach monastery on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Purity Law .
Significant members of the Convention (selection)
- Wolfgang Marius (1514–1544)
swell
- Bernhard Lübbers : The oldest accounts of the Aldersbach monastery 1291-1373 / 1409. Analysis and edition (= sources and discussions on Bavarian history. New series, vol. 47,3). Beck, Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-406-10412-1 .
literature
- M. Katharina (Petra) Hauschild: Abbot Wolfgang Marius von Aldersbach (1514–44) and his commentary on the rules. In: Analecta Cisterciensia, 55 (2005), pp. 179-267 (also Diss. Munich 2003). Part II in Analecta Cisterciensia, 56 (2006) pp. 3-333.
- Bernhard Lübbers: Aldersbach. In: Hans-Michael Körner , Alois Schmid (ed.), Martin Ott: Handbook of historical sites . Volume 7: Bavaria I. Part 1: Old Bavaria and Swabia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 324). Kröner, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-520-32401-6 , pp. 10-11.
- Volker Kannacher: Aldersbach - monastery, church and brewery. SüdOst-Verlag, Waldkirchen 2004, ISBN 3-89682-135-0 .
- Robert Klugseder: 850 years of the Cistercian monastery Aldersbach 1996 - Festschrift to celebrate the 850th anniversary of the founding of the Cistercian monastery Aldersbach on July 2nd, 1996. Aldersbach 1996.
- Robert Klugseder: The scriptorium and the library of the former Cistercian monastery Aldersbach. In: Vilshofener Jahrbuch 8 , 2000, pp. 13–28.
Web links
- Robert Klugseder: The care of sacred music in the Cistercian monastery Aldersbach. Master's thesis Univ. Regensburg, 2003.
-
Aldersbach Monastery , basic data and history:
Stephanie Haberer: Aldersbach Monastery and its famous Asam Church in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History - Last Perner bells for Aldersbach
Remarks
- ↑ Official website for the Bavarian State Exhibition 2016
- ↑ Laudation ( memento of October 14, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) at the book presentation by Vicar General Prelate Otto Mochti, Passau