Huosi

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The Huosi were one of the Bavarian nobility and nobility . They are expressly mentioned in the Lex Baiuvariorum , in which the old popular law of the Baier tribal duchy from 635 onwards, alongside the Trozza , Fagana , Hahiligga , Anniona and the ducal family of the Agilolfingers .

Tribal area

The home country of the Huosi was the area between Lech and Isar in Upper Bavaria . With pagus Huosi as Adelsgau is meant the central landscape for this family ; In addition, the name Huosigau developed for the extensive sphere of influence of the Huosi, but the name never had the meaning of an administrative unit. This name is still used today as a folkloric identification designation. In the sphere of influence of the Bavarian duchy formed dormer drawings were varied, they have to directions ( Nordgau , Sundergau , a Westgau is also called in some cases), for a central site (such as the Augstgau to Augsburg , not to be confused with the Swabian Augstgau , the Kelsgau around the Roman camp Celeusum , the Künziggau after the Roman Quintana ), after the names of the waters (Donaugau, Rottachgau, Isengau , Attergau , Mattiggau , Traungau , pagus inter valles later Chiemgau ) or after the name of noble clans (including pagus Poapintal , the founding family of Scharnitz ) educated. Such dormer designations are not known from the other four Bavarian original noble families.

Tribal area of ​​the Huosi

Max Fastlinger and Elisabeth Hamm have shown the extent of the pagus Huosi and the Huosigau. A Freising tradition note from 791 gives information about the places that were settled by the Huosi , in which an inheritance dispute over an own church consecrated to Saint Martin in Avvicozeshushir , which cannot be precisely located , is reported. This lost place is sometimes equated with Ilmberg (Berg an der Ilm), today a district of Reichertshausen , in which there is a branch church St. Martin, also the interpretation of a predecessor settlement of Scheyern is represented. This dispute, in which over 20 members of the Huosi was called u. a. Ruled by Bishop Arn and several Carolingian royal messengers in Lorch an der Enns am Uuartperc in favor of Priest Eio and his brothers Isancrim and Erchanperht.

The earliest mention of a pago Huosi can be found in 840 in a document from Ludwig the German who describes Sulzemoos as being in pago Huosi , and in a Freising document Landsberied is referred to as in confinio Hosiorum . In the 11th century these names are lost. It is also worth mentioning that the Augstgau, mentioned for the last time in 888, was incorporated into the pagus Huosi , perhaps the result of an error by the Imperial Chancellery. The name Huosigau still appears in the course of the High Middle Ages , when it changed to Hausengau .

As proven traditions through the Huosi prove, the family also had widely scattered properties in the Rottachgau near Passau , on the Wallersee , in the Tyrolean Inn Valley and in Bozen .

Possibly, on the basis of prosopographic analyzes, the ancestry of the Aribones and the Babones , perhaps also the Wittelsbach , can be traced back to the Huosi. Likewise, cognatic relationships with the ducal family of Agilolfinger are assumed. The identification of the respective persons is not easy, since at that time single names were in use and the family affiliation must be deduced from the context of use of the names. The name is u. a. seen as the plural formation of a masculine i-tribe with the Germanic root hos / has and means like the word hare the gray or the gray .

Founding of monasteries by the Huosi

In the 8th century, members of the Huosi family appeared as founders or co-founders of numerous monasteries. In total, they are said to be three women's monasteries, namely Kochel Monastery (around 740), Polling Monastery (around 750), Staffelsee Monastery (around 750), and nine male monasteries, namely Benediktbeuern Monastery (739/740), Sandau Monastery (around 740), Monastery Schlehdorf (763/772), Seiferstetten Monastery (around 740), Tegernsee Monastery (746 or 765), Ilmmünster Monastery (762), Scharnitz Monastery (769/772) and Wessobrunn Monastery (this attribution is controversial).

Representation of the abbots Lantfrid, Waldram and Elilant on the Romanesque floor of the church of Benediktbeuern Abbey
Depiction of Boniface and the abbots Lantfrid and Elilant on the Romanesque floor of the church of Benediktbeuern Abbey

There is no contemporary historical source about the foundation of the Benediktbeuern monastery. But the Rotulus historicus benedictoburanus by the monk Gottschalk dates from the middle of the 11th century , in which the Huosi brothers Lantfrid, Waldram and Elilant are named as the founders and first abbots of the monastery. After the foundation of the Benediktbeuern monastery, the Huosi brothers founded the Kochel monastery, which their sister Kailswindis joined. The churches in Slechdorfensis ( Schlehdorf ) and Staphalastanga ( Staffelsee ) also go back to them; a monastery , called a monastery or coenobium, was attached to each of these churches . According to the Rotulus, all of these monasteries are located in pago Huosi .

The first abbot Lantfried held a convent every day in a different monastery, on Sunday in Benediktbeuern, on Monday in Kochel, on Tuesday in Schlehdorf, then in Staffelsee monastery, in Wessobrunn, in Sandau and finally in Polling. After 25 years he was replaced by Abbot Waldram, who after 39 years was replaced by Abbot Elilant, who was abbot for 19 years and cultivated a special friendship with Emperor Charlemagne , who in turn acts as a book and relic donor for Benediktbeuern. However, this information about the sedentary periods makes the claim that the first three abbots were brothers unreliable. The information about the existence of these three abbots is supported by archaeological excavations that were carried out in the 1970s. It was possible to uncover parts of a decorative floor from the Romanesque church, about 80 cm below the current church floor, which consists of a plaster screed . In these, about 5 mm deep and partly colored incrustations are made . I.a. it was possible to secure two fields (height approx. 2.4 m, width 3.6 m) with three people each underneath the arcades. The people can be recognized as Benedictine monks or abbots in the northern field by scapulars and simple rods with crooks and nodus . Because of the romanization one can read “(LANTFR) IDVS A (bbas)”, “WAL (D) RAMMVS A (bbas)” and “(ELI) LLANDVS A (bbas)”. In the northern arcade field "S (anctus) BONIFACIVS C (onfessor) or E (piscopus)" can be identified. Due to his pontifical robe ( miter , pallium and red chasuble border ) , the latter can be understood as the bishop Boniface , who consecrated the monastery. Next to it stands «(L) ANTFRIDVS A (bbas)», which gives Boniface a book. The third character is «(EL) ILANDVS A (bbas)», who is holding a book in front of him. Both Huosi are depicted this time without abbot insignia and only with tonsure and wheel coat . The three founding abbots of Benediktbeuern also appear independently of the rotulus in different documents. Lantfrid is mentioned as a witness to a donation to the Schlehdorf zu Kienberg monastery , Waldram is mentioned between 766 and 788 in Mondsee and Schäftlarn traditions. Abbot Elilant is also mentioned after 808 in a process coram omnibus nobilissimus de pago Huosi before the judge Kisalhart, which took place in the villa Söchering and in which Liutkerus, Gagandus and Lantold were accused of the Predium Uffing on the Staffelsee with a mill and their shares the Martinskirche, which was part of the original equipment of the Benediktbeuern monastery.

Other monasteries have also been founded by the Huosi, such as the Scharnitz Monastery , which was established in 763 by the Huosi Reginperht and Irminfried and whose first abbot Arbeo von Freising and his successor Atto von Freising , both belonging to the Huosi family. Atto von Freising also appears as the abbot of Schlehdorf Abbey and Scharnitz Abbey and he is also the founder of Innichen Abbey . The Ilmmünster Monastery was founded in 762 by the Huosi members Adalbert and Otker.

In the 8th century the "surplus bishops" Manno and Oadalhart are mentioned in connection with the Diocese of Neuburg , which was united with the Diocese of Augsburg around 800 . In the Vita sancti Bonifatii Manno is mentioned as the fourth Bavarian bishop in Nova civitate and Oadalhart is said to have succeeded him. In 759/760 Manno put his signature under a traditional document in which a Chunipert transferred his possessions in the Poch, which cannot be reliably located (possibly now the district of Leonhardsbuch von Allershausen ) and in tandern of the Freising Marienkirche . He also signed as the first bishop at the Synod of Dingolfing (776). In 784, Bishop Oadalhart put his signature under the founding deed of a monastery in the district of Singenbach . It appears on documents until 808. It is possible that both had their seat in the quasi-episcopal church in Staffelsee , without it being a canonical diocese. Both are assigned to the Huosi family as "personal bishops".

Known family members

Significant members of the family:

Belonging to the Huosi sex suspected:

literature

  • Harald Krahwinkler :  Huosi. In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde (RGA). 2nd Edition. Volume 15, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2000, ISBN 3-11-016649-6 , pp. 272-274. (on-line)
  • Lorenz Maier : Huosi, the. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 380 ( digitized version ).
  • Gertrud Diepolder: The origin of the Aribones. In: Journal for Bavarian State History. 27, 1964, ISSN  0044-2364 , pp. 74-119.
  • Johann Martin Maximilian Einzinger von Einzing: Historical explanation of the six princely surnames, Drozza, Huosi, Fagana, Hahilinga, Aenion and Agilulfinger, recorded in the ancient Bojuvar law book, on the most joyful celebration of the Bajerland, which was brought back to the most lucid house in Arnulf in 1180 . Strobel, Munich 1780.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ludwig Holzfurtner: "Pagus Huosi" and Huosigau. Investigations into the Gaulandschaft and western Upper Bavaria. In: Andreas Kraus (Hrsg.): Land and Reich, Stamm und Nation. Problems and perspectives of Bavarian history; Festival ceremony for Max Spindler on his 90th birthday. Beck, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-406-10478-9 , pp. 287-304.
  2. ↑ home and Trachtenvereinigung Huosigau (ed.): Huosi. A search for traces between Lech and Isar. Self-published, Diessen 2011.
  3. ↑ Max Fastlinger: The economic importance of the Bavarian monasteries of the time of the Agilulfinger. Freiburg 1903.
  4. ^ Elisabeth Hamm: Herzogs- und Königsgut, Gau and Grafschaft in early medieval Bavaria. Dissertation. Munich 1949.
  5. ↑ Elli Wolf: The ancestors of the Wittelsbacher: News about the family relationships between the Huosi, the Luitpoldingern and the Counts of Berg-Scheyern. Verlag E. Wolf, Scheyern 2017, p. 53.
  6. ↑ Ludwig Holzfurtner, 1984, p. 301.
  7. ^ Wilhelm Störmer, 1972, p. 94.
  8. ^ Joachim Jahn: Ducatus Baiuvariorum. The Bavarian duchy of the Agilolfinger . Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-7772-9108-0 , p. 301.
  9. ^ Wilhelm Störmer : Early nobility. Studies on the political leadership in the Frankish-German Empire from the 8th to 11th centuries , p. 46. (= monographs on the history of the Middle Ages). Stuttgart, Hiersemann 1973, ISBN 3-7772-7307-4 .
  10. ↑ Brigitte Haas-Gebhard: Early medieval monasteries "in pago Huosi". In: Peter Ettel, Reinhard Friedrich, Wolfram Schier: Interdisciplinary contributions to settlement archeology: commemorative publication for Walter Janssen. Leidorf Verlag, Rahden 2002, ISBN 3-89646-397-7 , pp. 153-159.
  11. ↑ Silvia Codreanu-Windauer: The Romanesque decorative floor in the Benediktbeuern monastery church. Bayer. State Office for Monument Preservation, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-87490-910-7 , pp. 10-14.
  12. ^ Wilhelm Störmer: Nobility groups in early and high medieval Bavaria. Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1972, ISBN 3-7696-9877-7 , p. 96.
  13. ↑ Gottfried Mayr: Studies on the nobility in early medieval Bavaria. Come on for Bayer. Landesgeschichte, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-7696-9892-4 , p. 146.
  14. ↑ Joachim Jahn, 1991, p. 459.
  15. ^ Joachim Jahn: Ducatus Baiuvariorum. The Bavarian duchy of the Agilolfinger. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-7772-9108-0 , pp. 405f.