Polling Monastery

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Polling Monastery on an engraving by Michael Wening
The former Holy Cross monastery church
Polling Parish Church, interior

The Polling Abbey is a former monastery of the Benedictine , the Augustinian Canons in Polling in Upper Bavaria Weilheim-Schongau .

history

Middle Ages and early modern times

According to legend, Duke Tassilo III founded. from Bavaria around 750 in Polling a Benedictine monastery. The real founders were probably members of the Huosi , a local noble family. The monastery suffered expropriations under Arnulf of Bavaria and was damaged in the Hungarian Wars . From 1010 regular canons lived in Polling again, who had lived according to the rules of Augustine since the beginning of the 12th century . A new church was built and consecrated in 1160 by the Bishop of Brixen , to the monastery and provost of Polling ("monasterium et prepositura in villa Pollingen in pago Hǒsen") in 1065 by King Henry IV . In the second half of the 12th century canons are also mentioned for the first time, which adopted the Benedictine rule around 1300 and moved to Benediktbeuern . In the 13th century, Polling became the destination of pilgrimages to the “To the Cross”. The church burned down at the beginning of the 15th century and was rebuilt in 1416–1420 in Gothic style. Provost Johannes Zinngießer had the prefecture, the refectory and the library built from 1499 to 1523, and the church was redesigned in the late Gothic style. The Madonna carved by Hans Leinberger was created around 1526 . Johannes Eck is said to have been in Polling several times at this time.

Baroque and Enlightenment

In 1714 the construction of the monastery began. From 1721 the monastery school was expanded. From then on, the Jesuit curriculum was used there . Polling Monastery played a key role in financing the Wieskirche, which was built by Steingaden Monastery in the years 1745–1754 . One of the teachers at the monastery school was Eusebius Amort (1692–1775). He published the journal Parnassus Boicus with articles on physics, chemistry, astronomy, meteorology, history and grammar and was later one of the founders of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . One of his students was Franz Töpsl , who during his time as provost (1744–1796) had the library expanded and the church redesigned. He took care of scientific cabinets and had an observatory built. To encourage his confreres to be scientifically active, Töpsl had portraits of learned Augustinian canons made and hung in the corridors of the monastery. The remains of this canon gallery ( Pollinger Pinakothek ), which once comprised more than 200 portraits, are now in the possession of the archive of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich . In 1803 the monastery was secularized . The monastery library at that time comprised 88,000 volumes, of which around 20,000 went to the court library in Munich and 7,000 to the Ingolstadt university library . The rest was wasted .

Owned by Swiss agricultural pioneers

Hieronymus von Meyers coat of arms.
Johann Wagner-Deines: from Rennerische Kühe in Polling (lithograph, 1834).

In 1804, the Swiss silk ribbon manufacturer, patron, philanthropist and revolutionary Johann Rudolf Meyer (1739–1813) from Aarau acquired the Polling monastery. 1805–1807 it was administered by his son Johann Rudolf (1768–1825), who dedicated an encyclopedia of chemistry to King Max Joseph . In 1812 it was given to his brother Jerome called Jérôme (1769–1844). Johann Rudolf and he had succeeded in the first ascent of a four-thousand-meter peak in Switzerland - the Jungfrau - the year before . In 1814 Hieronymus Meyer was raised to hereditary nobility for services to Bavarian agriculture. In 1817 he sold the estate to a compatriot, the nephew of his stepmother, Major Samuel Abraham von Renner (1776–1850). Although distinguished as a model farmer, he had to cede it to a believer in 1843. It is controversial whether monastery buildings were demolished in the four decades in which the estate was in Swiss possession.

Row of provosts

source

  1. Aribo
  2. Herrich
  3. Arnold, around 1073
  4. Hiltipert
  5. Chuno, 1136
  6. Conrad I., 1177, † 1180
  7. Berthold, 1186, 1195, † 1212
  8. Eglo, † 1224
  9. Manegold, 1224-1226
  10. Heinrich I, † 1247
  11. Dietrich, † 1254
  12. Gunther, 1263, † 1272
  13. Hermann, 1273
  14. Heinrich II., † 1279
  15. Conrad II. Ainsinger, 1279-1313
  16. Henry III. Ebersperger, 1313-1334
  17. Conrad III, 1334-1336
  18. Ulrich I., 1336-1341
  19. Henry IV, 1341-1345
  20. Conrad IV. Schondorfer, 1345-1387
  21. Ulrich II. Kalkmair, 1387–1404
  22. Wilhelm Daberzhofer, 1404-1433
  23. Ulrich III. Schütz, 1433-1450
  24. Johann I. Mairhofer, 1450-1454
  25. Johann II. Vent, 1454-1491
  26. Michael Spät, 1491-1499
  27. Johann III. Zingießer, 1499-1523
  28. John IV Vent, 1523-1530
  29. Johann V. Hartl, 1530-1531
  30. Gregor Pez, 1531-1562
  31. Erhard Eyerl, 1562–1571
  32. Jacob Schwarz, 1571–1591
  33. Caspar Leis, 1591-1616
  34. Kilian Westerrieder, 1616–1633
  35. Hartmann Koch, 1633-1634
  36. Sigmund Pschorn, 1634-1643
  37. Anther Azwanger, 1643-1669
  38. Claudius Plank, 1669-1682
  39. Valerius Baudrexl, 1682-1701; received the pontificals in 1689
  40. Albert Oswald, 1701-1744
  41. Franz Töpsl , 1744–1796
  42. Johann VI. Nepomuk Daisenberger, 1796–1803, † 1820

Todays use

The important late Gothic monastery church Heilig Kreuz with early baroque stucco by the Wessobrunner Georg Schmuzer became a parish church in 1803. Some of the monastery buildings came into the possession of Dominican women from St. Ursula in Donauwörth in 1892 , who - with an interruption during the Nazi era - maintained a school there until 1972. In the preserved part of the monastery building, a hospice is now housed, among other things . The pharmacy wing and farm buildings belong to private individuals. The unique Pollinger library hall was restored between 1970 and 1975 and can be viewed by the Friends of the Pollinger Library Hall . In his novel Doctor Faustus, Thomas Mann describes a monastery under the name Pfeiffering, which clearly bears traits of the Polling monastery.

See also

References and comments

  1. ↑ Three different versions of the founding of the monastery are listed in Max Biller: Pollinger Heimat-Lexikon. Polling 1992, half volume 2, p. 657 ff.
  2. ^ Martin Bitschnau / Hannes Obermair (editor): Tiroler Urkundenbuch. Section II, Volume 1, Innsbruck 2009, p. 212, No. 238.
  3. ↑ Systematic presentation of all experiences in the study of nature, designed by Johann Rudolph Meyer the Younger, edited by several scholars. 4 volumes (no longer published), Aarau 1806–1808.
  4. ↑ Peter Genner: From Aarau to Bavaria. Emigration and decline of the Meyer entrepreneurial family. In: Aarauer Neujahrsblätter, 2011, pp. 36–69, 2012, pp. 97–143. Same thing: after the end of the monastery rule - Swiss revolutionaries in the Pfaffenwinkel. In: Der Welf, Yearbook of the Historical Association Schongau, 2013, pp. 69–192 ( digitized version http: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F27650986%2FAfter_dem_End_der_Klosterherrschaft_Schweizer_Revolution%C3%A4re_im_Pfaffenwinkel%3D%3D%3D~IA%3ZD%3D%3D%3D~IA%3D%3D~MD 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D). The same: Johann Rudolf Meyer Sohn (1768–1825) and the Meyer family. Website IG Meyersche Stollen, Aarau 2015 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.meyerschestollen.ch%2Fpdf%2F150914_genner-text_j.r._meyer_sohn_%26_fam._meyer.pdf~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  5. ↑ Michael Hartig: Die Oberbayerischen Stifts , Volume I: The Benedictine, Cistercian and Augustinian canons . Publisher vorm. G. J. Manz, Munich 1935, DNB 560552157 , p. 135.
  6. ↑ Hospice Association in the Pfaffenwinkel eV

literature

  • Franciscus Petrus / Michael Kuen: Germania canonico-Augustiniana. Part I, Ginzburg and Danzig 1766, pp. 153-167 .
  • Joseph Federle: Brief history of the former praiseworthy Polling monastery. 2nd edition, Weilheim 1864.
  • Joachim Sighart : A wax tablet book from Polling Monastery . In: Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, II. Classe, Volume 9, II. Abtheilung, Munich 1864. P. 343–356.
  • Hartwig Peetz: The household of the Polling monastery in the eighteenth century. In: Yearbook for Munich History, Volume 4, Bamberg 1890, pp. 315–404.
  • Andreas Schmidtner: Overview of the history of the former monastery of the Regular Canons of St. Augustine, now the women's monastery of St. Dominicus in polling. Weilheim 1893.
  • Georg Rückert: The secularization of the Polling monastery. In: From the Pfaffenwinkel, Weilheim 1926, pp. 9–38.
  • Georg Rückert: The secularization of the Augustinian Canons Polling. In: Archive for the history of the Hochstift Augsburg, 6th volume, 5th delivery, Dillingen an der Donau 1929, pp. 433–469.
  • Max Biller: Pollinger Heimat-Lexikon, half volume 2, Polling 1992, pp. 706–806.
  • The same: 100 years of the Dominican Convent Polling. In: Lech-Isar-Land, Weilheim 1992, pp. 124–132.
  • Ludwig Hammermayer : The Augustinian Canon Monastery of Polling and its contribution to the emergence and development of the Enlightenment and the academy and society movement in the southern German Catholic area (approx. 1717–1787). Paring 1997. ISBN 3-9805469-1-8 .
  • Roland Milisterfer: The Polling monastery in the 18th century. Polling 2004.
  • Matthias Memmel / Claudius Stein (eds.): "Quite unusable ..." The Pollinger Pinakothek of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. Munich 2011. ISBN 978-3-926163-72-1 .

Web links

Commons : Monastery Polling  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 42.1 ″  N , 11 ° 7 ′ 54.1 ″  E