Munich University Archives
| Munich University Archives
|
|
|---|---|
 Seal of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich |
|
| Archive type | University archive |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 11 '41.4 " N , 11 ° 36' 42" E |
| place |
Munich Bavaria |
| Visitor address | Edmund-Rumpler-Straße 9 80939 Munich |
| founding | 1497 |
| Age of the archive material | 1346 until today |
| carrier | Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich |
| Organizational form | Central institution of the university |
| Website | www.universitaetsarchiv.uni-muenchen.de/ |
The University Archive Munich (UAM) is the central archive of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (LMU).
tasks
The main task of the Munich University Archives is to take over, evaluate , order, record , preserve and make usable of written material, audiovisual material and collections that are created at the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, among its committees, administrative units, institutions and people. This includes the historical documents of the former university locations Ingolstadt and Landshut up to recent acquisitions in analog and digital form, for example from the registries , dean's offices and examination offices. By storing relevant documents, the archive contributes to legal safeguards and university self-administration.
By making its holdings available for scientific evaluation, the archive primarily supports historians, university lecturers, doctoral students and students from various disciplines, but also private individuals, such as genealogists, in their research, either by personally inspecting the relevant archive material in the reading room or by the production of scans. In addition, the archive and its holdings contribute to publications and conferences, often on university and scientific history or related topics.
Advising university bodies, for example on records management, as well as collaboration and exchange in specialist groups are also part of the archive's area of responsibility.
The university archive operates on the basis of the Bavarian Archives Act .
history
“In that year [1497] the university asked the artist faculty to be given a certain part of a lecture hall for what they called the building of an archive. The faculty was happy to do so, on the condition that she herself had the right to deposit and keep her more valuable things there. The old college is subject to the sovereignty of the artist faculty. "
The history of the university archive goes back to the year 1497. At that time, a lecture hall in the old college of the University of Ingolstadt, probably on the second floor, was divided by a partition. From then on, the newly created room served as a storage room for the documents and valuables of the Rectorate and Senate as well as the artist faculty; Despite the spatial union, the holdings of both institutions continued to be viewed as separate archives. Thus, for the first time, the documents, files and other important objects from 25 years of university history, i.e. since its foundation in 1472, could be appropriately stored. In 1564, after the Jesuit order had gained significant influence on the university and had expanded spatially in the building , the archive room was moved to the ground floor, where it was to remain until the university moved to Landshut (1800).
For the first centuries of the university it would be wrong to imagine a single, comprehensive university archive. Rather, different archives and registries existed side by side for a long time: the archives of the Rectorate and Senate, the archives of the faculties and the registries and archives of various university authorities. For a long period of time, the archives of these locations were stored in different locations, which were to be viewed separately, which meant that the overview of the existing documents was partially lost and their state of preservation was gradually exposed to threats. In 1796, for example, parts of the archive were relocated to Munich as a result of refugees due to imminent danger ( coalition wars ). A serious clean-up of this diverse archive landscape could only be tackled from the third quarter of the 19th century.
For the period from 1660 onwards, there is evidence of a largely complete series of university archivists whose task was to look after the main archives of the rectorate and the senate. However, since the senior archivists were also professors and were thus heavily involved in teaching and research, intensive work on the archival holdings and thus professional support could hardly be carried out by them.
In 1800, as mentioned above, the University of Ingolstadt was finally relocated to Landshut. In 1804, a large part of the Ingolstadt archives was accommodated in the sacristy of the church of the local Dominican monastery. For this period of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the first users of the university archive who published their findings scientifically can be verified. These include, for example, Lorenz Westenrieder and Johann Nepomuk Mederer .
In 1826 the almost complete row of the archive's board members began, at the same time as the university's second move, now from Landshut to Munich. However, this time, too, the entire archive inventory was not transported to the new university location in its entirety, because some parts remained in the secularized Seligenthal monastery , while others still remained in Ingolstadt. Since there was initially no suitable building for the university in Munich, as was the case with the move to Landshut, the precarious situation of the archives and their orderly condition worsened. With the move into the newly built main university building (1840) in Maxvorstadt , the archive and registry were allocated to two rooms on the first floor. The extension of the main building, which was inaugurated in 1911, remedied the lack of space that became apparent in the coming decades, partly because of the increasing number of students. The archive was now given rooms on the mezzanine floor of the old north wing, which included a magazine and study. The archive was now able to look after its users directly in its own rooms, after the university library's reading room had previously been used to inspect archives.
The effects of the Second World War on the university archive represented a profound turning point. Since 1936, the then board member Götz von Pölnitz had rendered outstanding services to the archive and its holdings, among other things through order work and the takeover of numerous documents from the faculties, the rectorate and the senate as well as documents and official books from the university library that were originally assigned to the archive. Later he tried very hard to secure the archives from the Allied air raids on Munich . In 1943 and 1944, for example, he had a large number of archives housed in the castles of noble families he knew, for example in Egglkofen and Schwaigwang near Garmisch. Documents and objects from the archive, the faculties and other departments of the university were also moved to the cellar vaults of the Wässerndorf Castle, which was still inhabited by Pölnitz , a total of well over 1000 boxes. However, while the part of the Munich university main building in which the archive was located was comparatively slightly damaged in the bombing and the archive material left there remained largely intact, Wässerndorf Castle burned out almost completely. In a later report, Pölnitz writes, supported by the statements of other eyewitnesses, that the fire was set in the attic of the castle by an American officer on April 5, 1945, in retaliation for a fallen comrade and in order to finally break the bitter German resistance against which the Americans had taken the place. Fire accelerators were also used in the cellar vaults. According to Pölnitz, rescue and extinguishing attempts were prohibited under the threat of armed violence. Numerous important archival documents were burned, including the papal privilege and the sovereign foundation letter, which concerned the establishment of the university, many other documents, some dating back to the High Middle Ages, the archives and registries of the administrative committee and the university caste offices , as well as several repertories and large quantities of them other files and books. Other objects such as the university scepter and a cup in the shape of a ship were badly damaged; others, such as the hat of Johannes Eck , Martin Luther's main theological opponent, were irretrievably lost in the flames. The Golden Rector chain rescued Pölnitz, turning them umhängte before the outbreak of the fire and carried hidden under clothing for several days.
In 1946, after Pölnitz was ousted by the military government, the operation of the university archive collapsed. It was only from 1954 onwards, under the previously appointed director Johannes Spörl, that extensive repatriations from the salvage depots, the reconstruction and reorganization of the archives could begin gradually over a period of several years. Here you had to start from scratch, as many finding aids in the archive did not survive the war.
In 1954, the archive also received new premises in the main university building and gradually received specialist archive staff. In 2008, the archive moved out of the main building, mainly due to a lack of space, after the holdings had grown considerably and several external depots had to be created. Since then it has been located in the northern part of Munich's Freimann district . The external depots could be closed so that all stocks are housed again in a central location.
Stocks
More than 4,000 linear meters of archive and collection items are stored in the Munich University Archives (as of the end of 2019).
The main focus is on documents and objects from the 18th century onwards, but some archives date back to the founding of the university, some of them even before that. A document from 1346 ( Seelgerätstiftung ) is the oldest document preserved in the archive.
Between one and two thirds of the old stock of the archive, i.e. the records from the university's founding in 1472 up to the 19th century, are due to the effects of the war, the two-time relocation of the entire university, the inadequate staffing of past centuries and the associated neglect of the archive material lost.
Material and person-related documents from the rectorate and senate of the university, from the administrative committee, from faculties, departments, institutes and chairs as well as from university hospitals form a significant part of the archive material. Among other things, administrative files , official registers, late medieval, early modern and modern documents, card files and registers, as well as clinical documents and pathological dissection protocols can be found here. Through the history of the university, the university archive is partly linked to the archive of the Ducal Georgianum , for example in the area of the files of the theological (later Catholic-Theological) faculty.
In addition, there is a student tradition, for example in the form of historical stock individually applied for each student lists of courses attended (document sheets), the criminal and pleased files and the index cards from the Registrar's Office. With the early matriculation volumes up to the student files of the 20th century and a subsequent digital administration at the student chancellery, almost complete documentation of the students enrolled at the university has been guaranteed since it was founded in 1472. Historical student files, as they exist at other universities, have not survived due to the losses in World War II.
Another extensive inventory group consists of the older and current examination files, which document the acquisition of an academic degree - mainly doctorate, Magister, Diploma, Master, Bachelor - and are submitted to the archive by the examination offices.
Some files and documents on prominent university members are available in the archive: from Nobel Prize winners such as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen , Max Planck , Werner Heisenberg and Adolf Butenandt , from Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI. ) To politicians such as Theodor Heuss and Ludwig Erhard to members the resistance group " White Rose " such as Kurt Huber , Hans and Sophie Scholl .
In addition, (partial) bequests , mostly from lecturers, documents from third-party sources, as well as photo, audio and film material are archived. Other documents such as leaflets, pamphlets, speeches from the rectorate and university are also kept in separate collections. There are more than 20 teaching and research collections to be considered separately, for example from the fields of geography, geology, pharmacognosy, pharmacology and toxicology. In addition to documents and images, these also include scientific instruments, maps and atlases, herbal drugs and other objects.
The university archive maintains a custody with paintings, graphics, busts, medals, trophies and other handicrafts. The custody also includes the insignia of the university, including historical seal typars , the rector's chain, the two sceptres still preserved from the 17th century and a police halberd as a symbol for academic jurisdiction.
88 portraits of Augustinian canons from Polling Abbey are kept in the archive and originally not related to the university . In the course of secularization in 1803, the intention was to hand over the "Pollinger Pinakothek", which at that time still comprised over 200 portraits, to the Munich court library. For reasons that were no longer comprehensible, the paintings, or a part of them, were loaded onto a raft and, probably by mistake, driven down the Isar to the then headquarters of the University in Landshut. A return transport to Munich was refused by the responsible office because of the high costs, as it would have had to be against the direction of the Isar and therefore overland, so that the portraits remained at the university.
In addition, there is a reference library in the university archive, which consists primarily of works on the history of education, the university and science, as well as Bavarian history.
Publications and conferences
In addition to various individual publications, the university archive has published the following series:
- Ludovico Maximilianea - Sources Department (LMQ)
- Ludovico Maximilianea - Research Department (LMF)
- LMUniverse
- Contributions to the history of the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (BGLMU)
Since 2015, as part of the preparation for the 550th anniversary of the founding of the university (2022), the archive has hosted an annual conference that deals with a selected topic related to the history of the university or science. Here, specific aspects of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, also at its previous locations in Ingolstadt and Landshut, are examined, but other universities are also considered in comparison. The respective presentations will be compiled in a printed conference proceedings.
people
University archivists 1660–1818
| Period | Surname |
|---|---|
| 1660-1677 | Kaspar Manz |
| 1677-1686 | Ignaz Rath |
| 1686-1720 | Johann Christoph (from) Chlingensperg |
| 1722-1755 | Hermann Anton Maria von Chlingensperg |
| 1755 / 1759-1765 | Johann Adam von Ickstatt (Head Supervisor) |
| 1756-1761 | Franz Joseph Schiltenberger |
| 1765-1788 | Johann Joseph Prugger (Head Supervisor) |
| 1788-1800 | Franz Seraph Siardi ( Head Supervisor) |
| 1784-1792 | Johann Nepomuk Gottfried von Krenner |
| 1792-1795 | Anton Stich |
| 1800-1804 | Johann Georg Feßmaier |
| 1804-1818 | Karl Sebastian Heller from Hellersberg |
Archive directors since 1826
| Period | Surname |
|---|---|
| 1826-1872 | Hieronymus (from) Bayer |
| 1872-1888 | Karl Ritter von Prantl |
| 1889-1891 | August von Druffel |
| 1892-1905 | Karl Theodor (von) Heigel |
| 1905-1924 | Hermann (von) Grauert |
| 1924-1936 | Heinrich Günter |
| 1936-1946 | Götz von Pölnitz |
| 1946-1951 | no board |
| 1951-1977 | Johannes Spörl |
| 1969 / 1977-2000 | Laetitia Boehm (member of the board since 1969) |
| since 2000 | Hans-Michael Körner |
Examples from the archive
Oldest register volumes of the university
Oath sheet for the doctoral oath of the medical faculty (17th century)
Three files of the academic senate of the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (19th / 20th century)
Examples of student archive material: bound voucher sheets; Bertolt Brechts index card from the student index
Poster of a dance school whose owner officially bore the title "University Dance Teacher" (1936)
Decorative sheet from a photo album for the botanist Ludwig Radlkofer on the occasion of his 80th birthday (1909)
Students Exercising on the Occasion of the Inauguration of the University Sports Ground near Freimann (Today Area of the Student City of Freimann ) (June 27, 1928)
Chest of the Artistic Faculty of the University of Ingolstadt (1561)
Centerpiece / Drinking Cup boat-shaped, gift of Archduke Ferdinand of Inner Austria to the University of Ingolstadt (Caspar Hentz, Augsburg, 1594)
Student flag with the German national colors (in an unusual sequence) and the Bavarian diamond coat of arms, handmade by Queen Therese of Bavaria and other Wittelsbach women for the Munich Student Freikorps (1848)
Bust of the legal historian Karl von Amira ( August Weckbecker , 1930)
literature
- Johann Nepomuk Mederer : Annales Ingolstadiensis Academiae. Ingolstadt 1782. (4 volumes).
- Karl Prantl : History of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Ingolstadt, Landshut, Munich. Kaiser, Munich 1872. (2 volumes).
- Heinrich Günter : The university archive. In: Karl Alexander von Müller (Ed.): The scientific institutions of the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. Chronicle of the centenary. Oldenbourg / Wolf & Sohn, Munich 1926.
- Maximilian Schreiber: Walther Wüst. Dean and Rector of the University of Munich 1935–1945 (contributions to the history of the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich 3). Utz, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8316-0676-4 .
- Matthias Memmel, Claudius Stein (ed.): "Quite useless ...". The Pollinger Pinakothek of the Ludwig Maximilians University (LMUniversum 11). Garnies, Haar / Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-926163-72-1 .
- Claudius Stein (Ed.): Domus Universitatis. The main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich 1835–1911–2011 (Contributions to the history of the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich 6). Utz, Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-8316-4326-4 .
- Claudius Stein: University history as institutional history: the archive of the LMU 1497–1954. (Presentation script, conference of the Munich University Archives 2018: "University history as a project and program: categories and perspectives")
Web links
- Homepage of the Munich University Archives
- Munich University Archives at Monasterium
- Munich University Archives at the Scientific Collections portal
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Munich University Archives, Item of the Month February 2018. Retrieved on November 26, 2019 .
- ↑ Claudius Stein (2018), p. 4
- ^ Claudius Stein (2018), p. 1
- ^ Karl Prantl (1872), Vol. 1, p. 645
- ↑ a b Claudius Stein (2018), p. 6
- ↑ a b Claudius Stein (2018), p. 5
- ↑ Claudius Stein (2018), p. 16
- ↑ Claudius Stein (2018), pp. 17-18
- ↑ a b UAM, inventory file for the recovery and return of archive material
- ↑ Maximilian Schreiber (2008), pp. 298–299
- ↑ a b c UAM, VA E 61 / 2b (Pölnitz report to the rector of the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München from July 15, 1945)
- ↑ Claudius Stein (2018), p. 18
- ↑ University Archives Munich, Item of the Month November 2018. Retrieved on November 26, 2019 .
- ^ Claudius Stein (2018), p. 11
- ↑ Charter: Documents A-VII-2 . monasterium.net. Retrieved December 3, 2019.
- ↑ University Archives Munich, Piece of the Month January 2018. Retrieved on November 26, 2019 .
- ↑ University Archives Munich, Piece of the Month June 2018. Retrieved on November 26, 2019 .
- ↑ University Archives Munich, Item of the Month August 2016. Retrieved on November 26, 2019 .