University of Landshut

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Former Dominican monastery, 1802–1826 state university

The University of Landshut existed from 1800 to 1826 and was the successor to the University of Ingolstadt . The tradition of both universities continues to this day in the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich .

history

In 1800 Bavaria's Elector Max IV Joseph, from 1806 King Maximilian I Joseph (Bavaria) , moved the Bavarian State University, founded in 1472, from Ingolstadt to Landshut . The reason was the endangerment of Ingolstadt in the Second Coalition War . Richard Du Moulin-Eckart wrote about the move to Landshut :

“On May 17, 1800, the Electoral University of Ingolstadt received the order to get itself and all academics ready for travel and then to leave for Landshut immediately. Nobody suspected that this hasty, provisional transfer from the old Ingolstadt University would be a permanent one. And not just that - that from that day on a new era should begin for it .... There, at the foot of the Trausnitz, it has shed the last traces of Jesuit pressure and has become a refuge for science and enlightenment. "

- R. Du Moulin-Eckart

The university was established in the rooms of the abandoned Dominican monastery and in the former Jesuit college . In 1802 it was renamed Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität after its founder Ludwig the Rich and Max IV Joseph. The move was hoped for an intellectual new beginning and a strengthening of state supervision of the university. Above all, the strictly conservative and anti-reformist orientation of the old University of Ingolstadt should be eliminated. This is particularly evident in the appointment of mainly North German and Protestant professors to the university chairs. In addition, the old division of the university into faculties was removed and - analogous to the Bavarian Academy of Sciences - divided into two main classes, each with four sections.

Johann Michael Sailer was one of the most important professors of the university in Landshut and taught moral and pastoral theology as well as homiletics and pedagogy here until 1821 (“Sailer Circle”). Among his listeners was the Bavarian Crown Prince, who later became King Ludwig I. Through the work of Johann Michael Sailer, the University of Landshut became a center of Catholic renewal in Bavaria after the experiences of secularization and the attacks of rationalism . In his teaching activities in Landshut, Sailer formed a whole generation of priests who felt just as committed to maintaining church tradition as they were to openly and constructively dealing with the issues of the Enlightenment.

In 1811/12 the University of Landshut had 640 academics.

Within a short period of time, the University of Landshut developed into one of the most important centers of higher education in Germany. In 1819, however, it too was hit by the effects of the Karlovy Vary resolutions . While the government director Karl von Günther, appointed extraordinary ministerial commissioner on the basis of the university law, did not respect the university as a traditional corporation in any way, he only intervened against students and their - in Landshut, non-political - liaison system only occasionally and by order of the ministry. Tensions within the professors, the departure of important university lecturers and poor financial resources soon led to the decline of Landshut University. Not least to remedy these grievances and because of the increased importance of Munich as the capital and residence of the Kingdom of Bavaria , King Ludwig I moved the university from Landshut to Munich in 1826.

University building

  • Dominican monastery in Landshut : the church and convent building of the monastery, which was abolished in the course of secularization in 1802, were designated as the seat of the Bavarian State University. The three-storey baroque building (built from 1699) forms a courtyard on the north side of the Gothic, baroque church. When the university moved in, the wall that separated the monastery and church from the city on the west side was put down. A new building for the university's anatomical institute was built in the courtyard in 1803/4. After the state university was relocated to Munich, the buildings were initially assigned to the appellate court. The Dominican monastery has been the seat of the government of Lower Bavaria since 1839.
Former Jesuit college
  • Jesuit Church St. Ignatius : When the Bavarian State University was relocated to Landshut, the former Jesuit college was given to the ducal Georgianum , the seminary associated with the University of Ingolstadt. The buildings of the college were built in 1665-1691 by Michael Beer and Michael Thumb . When the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773, the buildings were initially given to the Order of Malta . After the university was relocated to Landshut, the buildings were used as barracks until 1919; today they serve public administration.

Professors

  • Johann Michael Sailer (1751–1832), professor of moral and pastoral theology, bishop of Regensburg
  • Franz de Paula von cabinet (1747–1835), from 1784 professor of agriculture and natural history, initially in Ingolstadt, later in Landshut; from 1809 founding director of the Botanical Garden in Munich
  • Georg Alois Dietl (1752–1809), professor of aesthetics from 1801
  • Anton Michl (1753–1813), from 1799 professor of canon law and church history
  • Johann Christian Siebenkees (1753–1841), legal scholar, poet and from 1810 professor of literary history and librarian at the university
  • Konrad Mannert (1756–1834), from 1805 professor of history and geography, with the university relocated to Munich from 1826
  • Nikolaus Thaddäus von Gönner (1764–1827), professor of law first in Ingolstadt, then in Landshut
  • Jakob Salat (1766–1851), professor of philosophy 1807–1826, representative of the Enlightenment
  • Johann Baptist Graser (1766–1841), professor of philosophy and education
  • Sebastian Mall (1766–1836), Benedictine priest, from 1801 professor of exegesis and oriental languages
  • Andreas Röschlaub (1768–1835), from 1802 professor of pathology and medicine, from 1826 in Munich
  • Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Breyer (1771–1818), historian and university professor, from 1804 professor of history and statistics
  • Ludwig Walrad Medicus (1771–1850), professor of forestry, agriculture and agriculture, in Munich from 1826
  • Carl Sebastian Heller von Hellersberg (1772–1818), from 1804 to 1818 professor of history and constitutional law, permanent member of the Senate, university archivist and its treasurer
  • Joseph August Schultes (1773–1831), important botanist, since 1809 professor of natural history and botany; remained after the transfer of the university as director of the surgical school in Landshut
  • Paul Johann Anselm Ritter von Feuerbach (1775–1833), from 1804 professor of law, in 1805 transferred to the ministerial justice and police department in Munich as a secret trainee ; Draft for the new penal code for the Kingdom of Bavaria (1813)
  • Johann Nepomuk von Fuchs (1774–1856), from 1807 professor of chemistry and mineralogy
  • Johann Georg Feßmaier (1775–1828), legal scholar, historian, from 1799 to 1804 full professor of law
  • Friedrich Ast (1778–1841), professor of classical philology
  • Friedrich Carl von Savigny (1779–1861), from 1808 full professor for Roman civil law in Landshut; moved to the newly founded Berlin University as a professor of Roman law in 1810
  • Friedrich Tiedemann (1781–1861), from 1806 professor for anatomy and zoology, from 1816 until his retirement in 1849 professor for anatomy and physiology in Heidelberg
  • Philipp Franz von Walther (1782–1849), from 1804 professor of physiology, 1818 to 1830 professor of surgery and ophthalmology at the Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1830 head physician for surgery and ophthalmology at the municipal hospital in Munich
  • Johann Andreas Buchner (1783–1852), pharmacologist, from 1818 associate professor in Landshut, after relocating the university to Munich
  • Eduard Henke (1783–1869), lawyer, 1808–1813 associate professor of law
  • Martin Münz (1785–1848), anatomist, from 1821 full professor in Landshut, after relocating the university to Munich, 1828 professor of anatomy at the University of Würzburg
  • Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier (1787–1867), 1811 Professor of Law in Landshut, from 1819 at the University of Bonn , from 1821 at the University of Heidelberg
  • Franz Reisinger (1787–1855), surgeon, associate professor in 1819 and full professor of medicine from 1822; Transferred to Erlangen in 1824
  • Johann Nepomuk von Wening-Ingenheim (1790–1831), legal scholar and university professor, from 1814 full professor of civil law
  • Joseph Franz von Allioli (1793–1873), after studying at the University of Landshut, from 1823 associate professor and from 1824 full professor of oriental languages, exegesis and biblical archeology; after relocation of the University Professor in Munich

Students and graduates

Friedrich Hoffstadt as a student in Landshut (1823)

See also

literature

  • Karl Theodor Müller : Poems, essays and songs in the spirit of Marc. Storm . Rorschach 1853, reprint 2013, ISBN 978-1489543387 .
  • Laetitia Boehm (ed.), From the Danube to the Isar. Lectures on the history of the Ludwig Maximilians University 1800–1826 in Landshut (Ludovico Maximilianea: Forschungen, Vol. 20), Munich 2003.
  • Georg Dehio - Handbook of German Art Monuments. Bayern II: Niederbayern , edited by Michael Brix , with contributions by Franz Bischoff, Gerhard Hackl and Volker Liedke, Munich / Berlin 1988, 320f. and 325.
  • Andreas C. Hofmann: Teaching and studying under state supervision. The University of Landshut after the Karlovy Vary resolutions (1819 to 1825/26), in: Dom-Spiegel. Bulletin of the Friends of the Dom-Gymnasium Freising eV Vol. 15 (2007), pp. 37–40, langzeitarch. at Open-Access LMU, http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11516
  • Franz Dionys Reithofer : History and description of the Royal Bavarian Ludwig Maximilians University in Landshut . Landshut 1811 ( e-copy ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ [Georg] Küßwetter I: Richard Count Du Moulin Eckart. On the return of his 100th birthday on November 27, 1964 . The Trausnitz [Corps newspaper of Suevia Munich] No. 1/1965, pp. 13-18.
  2. Kgl. Baier. Government Gazette 1812, LV. Piece, October 17, 1812, col. 1701
  3. Federal University Act v. September 20, 1819 . Heinrich Heine Monument. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
  4. "The book is valuable in terms of student history, especially its descriptions of moral and cultural history in the form of poems about the goings-on at the University of Landshut from the years 1815 to 1820 are of value." ( Robert Paschke , Studentenhistorisches Lexikon 1999)