Andreas Röschlaub

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Andreas Röschlaub.
Lithograph by an unknown artist, between 1800 and 1830
Andreas Röschlaub after a drawing by Peter von Cornelius

Johann Andreas Röschlaub (born October 21, 1768 in Lichtenfels ; † July 7, 1835 in Oberdischingen / Oberamt Ehingen ) was a German physician , natural philosopher and Brownian .

Life

Röschlaub, who came from a humble background, began studying theology in Bamberg in 1786 . In 1787 he switched to medicine and studied this subject in Würzburg as well as in Bamberg . In 1795 he received his doctorate at the University of Bamberg with his dissertation De febri fragmentum .

In 1796 he received an extraordinary professorship for medicine at the University of Bamberg and from 1797 served as an assessor in the medical faculty. In 1798 he became a full professor of pathology and clinic at the Bamberg General Hospital and was there since 1799 second doctor next to Adalbert Friedrich Marcus (1753-1818), the personal doctor of Franz Ludwig von Erthal . In the same year, 1799, he was elected Prince-Bishop of Würzburg and Bamberg .

In 1802 Röschlaub accepted a call to the University of Landshut , where he worked as a professor of pathology and medicine, head of the clinic and as a general practitioner until 1824. Here he gained a great reputation among his followers, but he also developed strong opposition from the city magistrate and church circles.

Since he pushed for the clinic to be enlarged and reformed, the Ministry suspended him for two years. After the University of Landshut was moved to Munich in 1826, Röschlaub was again employed there as a full professor of medicine.

Teaching

Andreas Röschlaub on a lithograph by Ferdinand Piloty d. Ä.

Röschlaub was one of the most influential and controversial doctors of his time. Already in his dissertation he dealt with the concept of the Scottish doctor John Brown , which he continued in 1798 in his first major work, Investigations on Pathogeny . He developed his own excitation theory, which, under the influence of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling and Johann Gottlieb Fichte, replaced Brown's mechanical model with a dynamic, process-based one.

He understood medicine as a whole and emphasized the interaction between the organism and the environment. Accordingly, he called for the union of physiology and pathology and their connection with therapy . He called for a close cooperation between scientific theory and clinic and thus came into conflict with traditional medicine , which was based on Hippocrates .

In 1799 he founded the magazine Magazin to perfect theoretical and practical medicine . It appeared until 1809 and served as a discussion forum for new medical conceptions. Röschlaub found support in particular from a young generation of physiologists, while representatives of traditional medicine, particularly Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland , viewed his views with suspicion.

Schelling came to Bamberg for a semester in 1799 to get to know Röschlaub. Initially, a deep friendship developed and a fruitful collaboration for both sides, which, however, gave way to alienation due to differing views on the fundamentals of medicine as early as 1804. However, this was preceded by an alienation between AF Marcus and Röschlaub. Röschlaub had already accepted a call to the University of Landshut in 1802. The alienation had arisen on the occasion of the obvious arguments between Röschlaub and Joseph Reubel on the one hand and Ignaz Döllinger on the other, Röschlaub's successor in Bamberg, in which Marcus probably sided with Reubel and Döllinger. In Röschlaub's view, Reubel and Döllinger had immersed themselves too much in Schelling's natural-philosophical perspective and thus distanced themselves from Röschlaub's pragmatic understanding of medicine. In 1805, Röschlaub openly turned away from Schelling's natural philosophy. He represented a scientific clinic of medicine based on natural philosophy as propaedeutic , but also a practice in which natural philosophy had to be in the background ( theoretical-pragmatic school ). But neither Marcus nor Schelling accepted that.

In the New Magazine for Clinical Medicine (1816/17) published by him, Röschlaub critically examined the positions he had previously represented as well as Brownianism and the natural philosophy school. In the last years of his life he limited himself largely to practical medicine and clinical instruction. His ideas were particularly carried on by his student Johann Lukas Schönlein .

Works

  • Investigations on the pathogeny or introduction to the medical theory , 3 volumes, Frankfurt am Main, 1798–1800.
  • On the influence of Brownian theory on practical medicine , Würzburg 1798
  • Textbook of nosology , Bamberg / Würzburg 1801
  • About medicine, its relationship to surgery, along with materials for a draft of the medical police , Frankfurt am Main 1802
  • Textbook of special nosology, jatreusiology and jaterie , Frankfurt am Main, 1807-10
  • Philosophical works. Vol. 1: On the dignity and growth of the sciences and arts and their introduction into life , Sulzbach 1827
  • Magazine for perfecting theoretical and practical medicine 1799–1809 in ten volumes

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Segebrecht, Wulf (Ed.): Romantic love and romantic death. About the stay in Bamberg by Caroline Schlegel, Auguste Böhmer, August Wilhelm Schlegel and Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling in 1800. Publisher: Universität Bamberg Lehrst. f. Modern German literary studies, ISBN 978-3-935167-03-1 , paperback; (a) to Stw. “More detailed conditions for Röschlaub's position in Bamberg”: page 117; (b) Re. "Relationship between Röschlaub, Schelling and the other Bamberg physicians after 1800": page 126 ff.
  2. ↑ Tsouyopoulos, Nelly : The dispute between Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling and Andreas Röschlaub over the basics of medicine. In: Medical History Journal. International quarterly for the history of science. 13th year (1978) issue 13, G. Fischer, Stuttgart 1978; Pages 229–246
  3. ^ Röschlaub, Andreas: Journal for Jatrotechnik . 1804

literature

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Röschlaub, Andreas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physician and natural philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH October 21, 1768
PLACE OF BIRTH Lichtenfels
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1835
Place of death Oberdischingen