Johann Lukas Schönlein

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Johann Lukas Schönlein
Bust of Schönleins in Bamberg on Schönleinsplatz

Johann Lukas Schönlein (born November 30, 1793 in Bamberg ; † January 23, 1864 ibid) was a German physician , internist and pathologist, medical historian and palaeobotanist . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is “ Schönl. ".

Life

Schönlein, son of a master rope maker, studied natural sciences and medicine in Landshut and Würzburg from 1811 to 1816 . In 1816 he wrote his dissertation, From brain metamorphosis to comparative embryonic brain development in mammals and humans, with Ignaz Döllinger . This was followed by two practical years in Bamberg, Jena , Göttingen and Munich . In 1817 he completed his habilitation at the University of Würzburg . As a private lecturer, he taught in Würzburg from 1817. In 1819 he became a professor of internal medicine and initially held clinical lessons on behalf of Nicolaus Anton Friedreich . In 1824 he became a full professor for special pathology and therapy and head of the medical clinic at the Juliusspital .

Relieved of his academic offices in Würzburg in 1832 for political reasons, Schönlein fled to Zurich , where he became professor of clinical medicine in 1833. In 1839 he accepted a call to the University of Berlin , where he became full professor and personal physician to King Friedrich Wilhelm IV in 1840 . After his resignation from the throne in 1858, Schönlein retired a year later and returned to his hometown Bamberg. In 1844 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

plant

He fundamentally reformed and modernized German medicine by introducing scientific methods instead of speculative approaches based on natural philosophy in diagnostics . To this end, a regular autopsy of deceased patients to check diagnoses was introduced. His manuscript On Whooping Cough , written in 1818/19, was trend- setting , in which he based the causal analysis on a precise description of the temporal and spatial course of the disease. Since 1826 he has been using novel physical and chemical examination methods such as percussion and auscultation as well as blood and urine analyzes.

The following anecdote about him has been handed down by Steinbart: He “taught his students in the diagnosis subject: thoroughness, self-denial and keen observation. So, as he mischievously said, one should not be satisfied with checking the color of the urine at the bedside . All previous doctors had tested the sugar content on the tongue with their fingers. He demonstrated this and all students obediently followed suit. 'Well, gentlemen,' said Schönlein thereupon, 'I congratulate you on your thoroughness and self-denial; Unfortunately, you still lack the right powers of observation, otherwise you would have noticed that I dipped my ring finger into the urine glass, but licked my middle finger! "

Schönlein recognized tuberculosis as an independent clinical picture, Rudolf Virchow was one of his students. Schönlein differentiated between typhus abdominalis and typhus and discovered a pathogenic skin fungus in 1839 ( Achorion Schoenleinii , today: Trichophyton schoenleinii ). His plan to develop a natural disease system comparable to biological nomenclature could not be realized.

Schönlein coined the terms hemophilia and tuberculosis . His description of the purpura rheumatica (as "Peliosis rheumatica"), a special form of the purpura anaphylactoides , was written down by one of his students. The latter is now also called Henoch-Schönlein purpura .

A considerable part of his research activities dealt with medical history topics, especially the history of epidemics. Schönlein bequeathed his book collection (the "Schönleiniana"), which was designed especially for this purpose and which mainly contained epidemiological sources and comprised 3479 volumes, to the University of Würzburg two years before his death.

Schönlein is also known as a paleobotanist , where he collected especially during his time in Würzburg in the lower Keuper of Franconia, possibly inspired by his childhood friend, Professor of Mineralogy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry in Würzburg Ludwig Rumpf (1793–1862). Schönlein's collection is - as far as it is still preserved - partly in the Natural History Museum Berlin, partly in the collection of the University of Würzburg. He had precise drawings made of the fossil plants (they were published posthumously with text by Joseph August Schenk ) and worked with the palaeobotanists Adolphe Brongniart and Joseph August Schenk, to whom he gave fossil material for description. Images from his book also found their way into other standard works of paleobotany in the 19th century ( Wilhelm Philipp Schimper , Albert Charles Seward ). The fossil horsetail Neocalamites schoenleinii and the seed fern Sphenopteris schoenleiniana are named in his honor.

Honors

Fonts

  • From Brain Metamorphosis: Inaugural Treatise. FE Nitribitt, university printer, Würzburg 1816 (dissertation; digitized ).
  • Theses ex universa Medicina. Quas Gratiosi in Inclyta Universitate Herbipolitana Medicorum Ordinis consensu per Gradu Doctoris in Medicina, Chirurgia et Arte Obstetricia Rite Obtinendo Pubice, Defendet The XXIV February MDCCCXVI. Horis Matutinis Consuetis Joannes Lucas Schoenlein, Bambergensis. Würzburg 1816 (defense of Schönlein's theses in 1816)
  • General and special pathology and therapy. After JL Schönlein's lectures. Written down and edited by one of his listeners. 4 volumes. 2nd edition: C. Etlinger, Würzburg 1832; 3rd edition: Literatur-Comptoir, Herisau 1837 ( digitized version ); 4th edition: Verlags-Comptoir, St. Gallen / Leipzig 1839; 6th edition: St. Gallen 1846.
  • Typhoid family of diseases. Written down after his latest lectures and edited by one of his listeners. Mann, Zurich 1840.
  • Clinical lectures in the Charité hospital in Berlin. Edited and edited by Ludwig Güterbock . Veit & Comp, Berlin 1842 ( digitized version ).
  • Günter Klemmt: Johann Lukas Schönlein's unpublished lecture manuscript on the “Keichhusten” (= treatises on the history of medicine and natural sciences. Vol. 53). Matthiesen, Husum 1986, ISBN 3-7868-4053-9 .
  • Images of fossil plants from the Keuper Franconia. With explanatory texts edited by August Schenk after his death . Kreidel, Wiesbaden 1865 ( digitized in the Google book search).

literature

  • Philipp Teichfischer, Eva Brinkschulte (ed.): Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864): Mon chèr Monsieur Schönlein . Letters to the doctor, teacher and father. Steiner, Stuttgart 2016.
  • Philipp Teichfischer, Eva Brinkschulte (ed.): Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864): Unpublished letters. On the 150th anniversary of death. Steiner, Stuttgart 2014.
  • Philipp Teichfischer: On the history of medical classification systems: New findings on Johann Lukas Schönlein's classification system of diseases. In: Brinkschulte, Eva; Dross, Fritz; Magowska, Anita; Moskalewicz, Marcin; Teichfischer, Philipp (Hrsg.): Medicine and language - the language of medicine / Medycyna i język - język medycyny. Frankfurt a. M. 2015, pp. 97-110.
  • Eva Brinkschulte, Philipp Teichfischer: " Legacy stories " - about the Schönlein biographer Erich Ebstein (1880–1931) and the rediscovery of part of the Schönlein estate . In: Medizinhistorisches Journal ( Memento from October 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) 47, 1, pp. 1–30.
  • Robert Arnholdt: Johann Lukas Schönlein as a tuberculosis doctor. In: Bayerisches Ärzteblatt . No. 6, 1978, pp. 702-707.
  • Johannes Dietl : At Georg Büchner's deathbed. In: Bayerisches Ärzteblatt. 2013, no. 12, p. 667 ( online ).
  • Heinz Rudolf Fuhrmann: Dr. Johann Lukas Schönlein, the founder of a new era and medicine. In: Reports of the Phys.-med. Society of Würzburg. 1938, pp. 130-179 (dissertation).
  • Werner E. Gerabek:  Schönlein, Johann Lukas. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , p. 419 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Rudolf Herd: Dr. Johann Lukas Schönleins (1793–1864) Franconian ancestors and relatives. In: Report of the Historical Association Bamberg. 100: 551-557 (1964).
  • Julius Pagel :  Schönlein, Johann Lukas . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 32, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1891, pp. 315-319.
  • Rudolf Virchow : memorial speech for Joh. Lucas Schönlein, given on January 23, 1865, the first anniversary of his death in the auditorium of the Berlin University. August Hirschwald, Berlin 1865 ( digitized version ).
  • University Library Würzburg: Catalog of the Schoenlein Collection. Catalog of the Schonleinian Collection. GK Hall, Boston (Massachusetts) 1972.
  • Bamberg State Library: "... and his fame will ring out forever ..." Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864): Doctor and patron. Exhibition of the Bamberg State Library. Bamberg 1993 ( digitized version ).
  • Honorary members of the natural research society in Bamberg, status May 1860. In: Fifth report of the natural research society in Bamberg, Reindl, Bamberg 1861 p. V-VI archive

Web links

Commons : Johann Lukas Schönlein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Robert Herrlinger : The development of medical history teaching at the Julius Maximilians University. Messages from the Georg Sticker Institute for the History of Medicine at the University of Würzburg, Issue 1 (March 1957), pp. 1–8; P. 3 f.
  2. ↑ Werner E. Gerabek and Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Schönlein, Johann Lukas. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. Edited by Werner E. Gerabek, Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil and Wolfgang Wegner, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 2005 ( ISBN 3-11-015714-4 ), pp. 1305 f .; here: p. 1305.
  3. ↑ Cf. also Carl Köhl : Franconian high traitors. Mayor Behr , University Professor Schönlein. German publishing house, Würzburg 1919.
  4. ^ Anne-Marie Mingers: Famous Scientists in Würzburg and Their Contributions to Hemostaseology. In: Würzburger medical history reports 8, 1990, pp. 73–83; here: pp. 73–75.
  5. ^ Henry Ernest Sigerist : Johannes Müller and Johann Lukas Schönlein. In: Great Doctors. A history of medicine in images of life. Munich 1965, pp. 273-285.
  6. ↑ Hiltrud Steinbart: Doctor and patient in history, in anecdote, in popular parlance. Stuttgart 1970.
  7. ↑ Friedrich v. Zglinicki : Uroscopy in the fine arts. An art and medical historical study of the urine examination. Ernst Giebeler, Darmstadt 1982, ISBN 3-921956-24-2 , p. 149 (quoted).
  8. ↑ See also Rudolph Virchow: Commemorative speech on Johann Lucas Schönlein, given on January 23, 1865, the first anniversary of his death in the auditorium of the Berlin University. Hirschwald, Berlin 1865.
  9. ↑ Cf. Georg Friedrich Most: About old and new medical teaching systems in general and about Dr. JL Schönlein's newest natural system of medicine in particular. A historical-critical attempt. Brockhaus, Leipzig 1841.
  10. ^ Anne-Marie Mingers: Famous Scientists in Würzburg and Their Contributions to Hemostaseology. In: Würzburg medical history reports 8, 1990, p. 73.
  11. ↑ Klaus-Peter Kelber : JL Schönlein as a promoter of paleobotanical science. Supplement (pp. 1–4) to: Mälzer, G .: Johann Lukas Schönlein (1793–1864) and the Bibliotheca Schoenleiniana. Booklet accompanying the Schönlein exhibition in the University Library of Würzburg in 1994
  12. ↑ Klaus-Peter Kelber, Martin Okrusch : The geological exploration and mapping of the Würzburg city area from the beginnings to 1925. Mainfränkische Hefte, 105, 71–115; Würzburg 2006
  13. ↑ Paleobotany: Mesophytic, plant fossils from the Triassic to the Cretaceous Period, Natural History Museum Berlin ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.naturkundemuseum-berlin.de
  14. ^ Jürgen Meyer-Kronthaler: Berlin's subway stations . be.bra, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-930863-07-3 , pp. 247 .
  15. ^ Johann Lukas Schönlein Prize 1992. In: Internal Medicine. Volume 19, No. 3, 1992, p. IV.
  16. ↑ www.forschern-foerdern.org: Johann Lukas Schönlein Prize .
personal data
SURNAME Schönlein, Johann Lukas
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schönlein, Johann Lucas; Schoenlein, Jean-Lucas
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German doctor
DATE OF BIRTH November 30, 1793
PLACE OF BIRTH Bamberg
DATE OF DEATH January 23, 1864
Place of death Bamberg