Lichtenfels (Upper Franconia)

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Lichtenfels
Lichtenfels (Upper Franconia)
Map of Germany, position of the city of Lichtenfels highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 9 '  N , 11 ° 4'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Franconia
County : Lichtenfels
Height : 273 m above sea level NHN
Area : 122.27 km 2
Residents: 20,142 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 165 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 96215
Area code : 09571
License plate : LIF, STE
Community key : 09 4 78 139
City structure: 28 districts

City administration address : 		Marktplatz 1 and 5
96215 Lichtenfels
Website : lichtenfels.de
Mayor : Andreas Hügerich ( SPD )
Location of the city of Lichtenfels in the Lichtenfels district
Neuensorger Forst Breitengüßbacher Forst Landkreis Haßberge Coburg Landkreis Coburg Landkreis Kronach Landkreis Kulmbach Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Bamberg Redwitz an der Rodach Michelau in Oberfranken Weismain Altenkunstadt Bad Staffelstein Marktzeuln Marktgraitz Lichtenfels (Oberfranken) Hochstadt am Main Ebensfeld Burgkunstadtmap
About this picture
Lichtenfels, the basket town
Lichtenfels from the west

Lichtenfels is a middle center and at the same time the district town of the Lichtenfels district in the Bavarian administrative district of Upper Franconia . It belongs to the Nuremberg Metropolitan Region .

geography

Geographical location

Lichtenfels is located in Upper Franconia in the Obermainland or Obermaintal between Bamberg and Coburg in the so-called God's Garden on the Obermain (with the Banz monastery and the Vierzehnheiligen basilica ). The city is considered a German basket city .

To the north of the center, the Main flows through the urban area.


Fulda (110 km) 		Erfurt (90 km)
Coburg (15 km) 		Leipzig (160 km)
Berlin (310 km)
Frankfurt / M. (170 km)
Schweinfurt (60 km) 		Neighboring communities Cheb (95 km)
Prague (240 km)
Würzburg (90 km)
Stuttgart (200 km) 		Bamberg (30 km)
Nuremberg (80 km)
Munich (230 km) 		Bayreuth (45 km)
Weiden / Opf. (95 km)

* Distances are rounded kilometers to the town center.

City structure

The following 28 districts belong to the city:

district Residents was standing Incorporation into the city of Lichtenfels
Lichtenfels - core city 11065 Oct 31, 2016
Oberwallenstadt included in the core city Oct 31, 2016 0Apr 1, 1959
Unterwallenstadt included in the core city Oct 31, 2016 0Apr 1, 1959
Seubelsdorf 01108 Oct 31, 2016 0May 1, 1978
Schney 02316 Oct 31, 2016 0May 1, 1978
Mistletoe field 00924 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1974
Reundorf 00592 Oct 31, 2016 0May 1, 1978
Drive 00576 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Book at the forest 00554 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Kösten 00540 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1975
Roth 00477 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Isling 00391 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Klosterlangheim 00375 Oct 31, 2016 0July 1, 1974
Oberlangheim 00242 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Stetten 00178 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1975
Schönsreuth 00156 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1975
Rothmannsthal 00153 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Mönchkröttendorf 00141 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1975
Lame 00102 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Deep red 00088 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1975
Vineyard 00086 Oct 31, 2016 0July 1, 1972
Köttel 00085 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Eichig 00076 Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Krappenroth 00061 Oct 31, 2016 0Apr 1, 1959
Degendorf 00030th Oct 31, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978
Seehof 00024 0Feb 8, 2016 0May 1, 1978
Gnellenroth 00020th 0Feb 8, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1975
hammer 00008th 0Feb 8, 2016 0Jan. 1, 1978

There are the districts Buch a.Forst, Burgberg, Forst Buch a.Forst, Isling, Kösten, Köttel, Lahm b.Lichtenfels, Langheim , Lichtenfels, Mistelfeld, Mönchkröttendorf, Oberlangheim, Oberwallenstadt, Reundorf, Roth, Rothmannsthal, Schney, Seubelsdorf, Stetten, Trieb, Weingarten.

history

Until the 20th century

According to archaeological excavations, Lichtenfels already existed in the early Middle Ages, i.e. since the 7th / 8th centuries. Century. It was mentioned for the first time in 1142. From 1231, the town charter granted by Otto VIII, Duke of Merania , applies .

After the Meranians died out in 1248, Lichtenfels fell to the Bamberg Monastery , which was part of the Franconian Empire from 1500 onwards. With this, the office of Lichtenfels was incorporated into the Electorate and later Kingdom of Bavaria during the secularization in 1802 .

Among the Ministerialengeschlechtern the region who were among men of Lichtenfels , who were tribal and arms related to other neighboring families.

The people of Lichtenfels are mockingly called “pool creators” (spoken: Dümblschöbfä ). They were given this name after the Thirty Years' War when they tried to retrieve the city treasure, which had been sunk in a lake (pond), by scooping up the water, but could not do so because the groundwater flowed too quickly.

In 1840 there were 1902 people in Lichtenfels.

During the Second World War , on February 23, 1945, Lichtenfels was the target of an attack by the 8th US Air Force as part of Operation Clarion . 13 heavy four-engine bombers of the type B-17 "Flying Fortress" dropped 39 tons of bombs on the city. The depot was destroyed.

Incorporations

On October 1, 1929, the previously independent municipality of Burgberg was incorporated. On April 1, 1959, the municipality of Oberwallenstadt was incorporated with the places Oberwallenstadt, Unterwallenstadt and Krappenroth. A part of the community Weingarten, the places Weingarten and Heinach , was added on July 1, 1972. Mistelfeld was added on January 1, 1974. Klosterlangheim followed on July 1, 1974, Kösten, Mönchkrottendorf and Stetten on January 1, 1975. Isling, Köttel, Lahm bei Lichtenfels, Oberlangheim, Roth, Trieb and the community of Rothmannsthal formed by hiving off the community of Arnstein in 1864, as well as parts of the dissolved Buch am Forst municipality were incorporated on January 1, 1978. Also on January 1, 1978, the municipality-free area of Forst Buch am Forst was incorporated (area on October 1, 1966: 943.30 hectares). With the incorporation of Reundorf, Schney and Seubelsdorf on May 1, 1978, the series of incorporations was essentially completed. On January 1, 1989, a larger uninhabited forest area was incorporated, the largest part of the dissolved parish -free area Langheim , 1489.57 of a total of 1526.68 hectares.

Population statistics

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the population decreased minimally from 20,252 to 20,133 by 119 or 0.6%. On December 31, 2002, Lichtenfels had the highest population of the previous 30 years with 22,558.

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , in 2011 30.3% of the population were Protestant , 54.2% were predominantly Roman Catholic and 15.4% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. The number of Protestants and Catholics has fallen since then. Currently (as of November 1, 2019) Lichtenfels has 20,369 inhabitants, 50.0 percent Catholics , 27.5 percent Protestants and 22.5 percent have either another religion or no religion.

politics

City council

After the local elections on March 15, 2020 , the city council will be composed as follows:

Party / list Share of votes Seats G / V
SPD 28.5% 8th - 1
CSU 26.5% 8th - 1
Green 12.1% 4th + 1
AfD 04.6% 1 + 1
FW / FB (Free Voters - Free Citizens Lichtenfels) 10.0% 3 - 1
JB (Young Citizens) 09.5% 3 ± 0
WLJ (Voters' Association Leuchsental-Jura) 08.8% 3 + 1
total 100% 30th
Turnout: 57.9%

W / L = change compared to the previous composition

The city council also includes the first mayor.

mayor

  • since 2014: Andreas Hügerich (SPD)
  • 2002–2014: Bianca Fischer (non-party, nominated by CSU and Junge Bürger (JB))
  • 1991–2002: Winfred Bogdahn (SPD)
  • 1959–1991: Günther Hauptmann (CSU)
  • 1958: Otto Betz (CSU)
  • 1951–1958: Johann Unrein (until 1952 CSU, then Free Voting Group)
  • 1945–1951: Julian Wittmann (CSU)
  • 1945: Baptist Hofmann
  • 1938–1945: Wilhelm Krautheim (NSDAP)
  • 1930–1938: Josef Ullenberger
  • 1928–1930: Norbert Schier
  • 1912–1928: Andreas Mahr (liberal)
  • 1870–1912: Adam Wenglein (liberal)

Town twinning

There is also a city friendship with Bad Bergzabern and the Berlin district of Reinickendorf . GermanyGermany GermanyGermany

Sponsorships

In 1978 the sponsorship for the expelled Sudeten Germans from the municipality of Altendorf in the district of Bärn and in 1986 from the market community of Deutsch Häuser in the district of Sternberg was taken over.

Regional importance

Lichtenfels is a middle center and district town of the district of the same name with the seat of the district office. The city is also the seat of a local court , the tax office, a branch of the Federal Employment Agency and a police station. The district medical center is located in Lichtenfels. There is, for example, a department store in the pedestrian zone as well as branches of larger hardware store chains and hypermarkets on the “green meadow”. The pedestrian zone is also easy to reach for drivers thanks to two parking garages in the immediate vicinity. In 2012 a new shopping center opened in the north of the city.

Public facilities

town hall

The city of Lichtenfels, partly in cooperation with the Lichtenfels district , and the Lichtenfels municipal utilities operate several public institutions. The most important are:

  • the youth center
  • the city museum (with changing exhibitions on the city's history and development)
  • the former synagogue (cultural meeting place and place for events and exhibitions)
  • two pools, the leisure pool Merania and a river pool on the Main
  • a camp site
  • the city palace, which is used for cultural events such as concerts and theater performances
  • two parking garages
  • a public library in the town hall
  • the town hall (supraregional venue for concerts and events)
  • a cross-country ski run in winter
  • an office of the Office for Food, Agriculture and Forests Coburg

Denominations

In addition to the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches, a Free Church Free Christian Congregation, the Jehovah's Witnesses and the New Apostolic Church are also represented in Lichtenfels . Further, in Lichtenfels a mosque of DITIB .

Economy and Infrastructure

Traffic map from 1912 with Lichtenfels

economy

Basket trade

The largest gift basket in the world in Lichtenfels

Lichtenfels became a center of the basket trade from the middle of the 19th century . Basket makers from the area in the Upper Main Valley brought their products to dealers in Lichtenfels, who sold them wholesale and retail. The leading entrepreneur was the basket dealer Joseph Krauss. A basket school was opened in 1904, and from 1912 there were also braiding courses for women, as baskets were very often made by the whole family at home. After the First World War , Lichtenfels acquired the title Deutsche Korbstadt . Since basket making in Germany practically died out in the period after the Second World War , the remaining basket merchants now focus exclusively on importing wicker products.

Established businesses

The city, with around 20,000 inhabitants, has an above-average employment rate, which is mainly due to the success of the numerous small and medium-sized companies. Traditionally, several companies from the upholstered furniture sector and the associated supplier industry, such as B. Wood processing and foam production settled in Lichtenfels. But also companies from the fields of machine, tool and model construction as well as the plastics processing industry can be found. The area of ​​tool and model making (Hofmann Innovation Group GmbH) and a company operating in this area that builds and develops machines for selective laser melting ( Concept Laser GmbH ) have shown themselves to be very innovative and export-oriented . The shipping industry is also represented by a large, internationally operating company.

The most important companies are:

  • Panzer & Kraus GmbH & Co. KG (waste management company)
  • Hofmann Innovation Group GmbH (toolmaking Siegfried Hofmann GmbH, Modellbau Robert Hofmann GmbH, Concept Laser GmbH)
  • Comfort and living (Himolla Group) (upholstered furniture)
  • Veenendaal foam factories
  • M + S Piano-Express GmbH (formerly Kraus & Pabst GmbH), (international shipping company)
  • InnoTech special machines and devices GmbH
  • Schmolke (furniture center)
  • Horst Müller Kunststoffe GmbH
  • Schwab & Gick Lichtenfels (SGL)
  • AW-GmbH (plastic color concentrates)
  • Lifocolor Farben GmbH & Co. KG (plastic color concentrates)
  • Rießner Gase GmbH (technical and medical gases)
  • KnorrPrandell (world's largest wholesaler for handicraft and decoration supplies) renamed Gütermann in 2008
  • Kuehne + Nagel branch Lichtenfels (international freight forwarding)
  • Ziel GmbH (software for travel agencies)
  • The "Weidenwerk", a specialist shop for wickerwork design, right on the market / town hall
The “willow factory” on the market in Lichtenfels opposite the town hall

Other important employers for the city and the region are the Lichtenfels Clinic and the Sparkasse Coburg - Lichtenfels , both of which are among the hundred largest Upper Franconian employers.

Business associations

  • Industry and trade committee Lichtenfels
  • Lichtenfels district craftsman's association with training yard
  • Bavarian Farmers' Association , Lichtenfels office

traffic

Lichtenfels train station
City bus at the Lichtenfels train station

Road traffic

The federal highways 173 and 289 run through the city area. The B 173 is built like a motorway and was upgraded from Bamberg to Lichtenfels to federal motorway 73 at the beginning of 2008 . On September 5, 2008, the A73 coming from the north between Lichtenfels and Coburg was opened to traffic. Since then, the B 173 has branched off from the A 73 between the Seubelsdorf and Reundorf districts.

Rail transport

The first route through Lichtenfels was the Bamberg – Hof line on the Ludwig-Süd-Nord-Bahn . This was followed by the Werra railway branching off at Lichtenfels station , which led to Eisenach before the Second World War . Today the route via Coburg to Sonneberg is used. The Hochstadt-Marktzeuln – Probstzella railway branches off a little north of Lichtenfels . Until the timetable change in December 2017, Lichtenfels was a two-hour system stop on the ICE line Hamburg - Berlin - Munich . With the commissioning of the Nuremberg – Erfurt high-speed line , this stop was omitted because the new line passed Lichtenfels to the west, and since then only one ICE has been running to Munich every day. The closest regular long-distance traffic stop is Bamberg . There is also regional transport in the direction of Sonneberg, Coburg, Nuremberg, Bamberg, Saalfeld and Hof / Bayreuth.

Lichtenfels has been a member of the Greater Nuremberg Transport Association since January 1, 2015 .

air traffic

Through the airfield Lichtenfels , the city is also in the aviation sector. The airfield has a 700 m long grass runway and is approved for a maximum take-off weight of 3.7 tons.

Local transport

Stadtwerke Lichtenfels operates local public transport in cooperation with a local bus company. There are a total of six bus routes in the city and the surrounding villages, some of which are operated every half hour.

Hiking trails

The Franconian Marienweg runs through Lichtenfels .

Education and Research

The old elementary school on Kronacher Strasse

General education schools

  • Merano high school
  • 4 primary schools
  • Lichtenfels private business school
  • School center on the Friedenslinde with
    • Herzog Otto School (middle school)
    • music school

Vocational schools

  • State vocational school for wickerwork design
  • State vocational school with a technical college for computer science
  • Nursing school
  • Maintal Vocational School for Cosmetics
  • Private vocational school for geriatric care help

Special schools

  • St. Catherine Support Center
    • School for individual learning support

Adult education

  • Adult Education Center (main office Lichtenfels)
  • School for village and field renewal (in the convent building of the former Langheim monastery in the Klosterlangheim district )

Research and innovation institutions

In July 2019 it became known that the “Research and Application Center for Digital Future Technologies” (FADZ) is to be built in the former cherry tree mill in Lichtenfels. This initiative is based on a cooperation between the city and the district of Lichtenfels, the University of Coburg and the entrepreneur Frank Herzog from Lichtenfels. The FADZ begins with activities in the field of additive manufacturing and, in addition to research projects with partners from industry, application advice and knowledge transfer, will also include numerous training and further education offers.

The FADZ is investing 8.4 million euros in buildings, teaching facilities and laboratories on an area of ​​2300 m². The annual costs for operating the FADZ are given as around 1 million euros. The Coburg University of Applied Sciences will be offering a master's degree in “ Additive Manufacturing and Lightweight Construction ” there. The FADZ in Lichtenfels is scheduled to start operating in early 2023.

Culture and sights

movie theater

In Lichtenfels there is a small cinema center, the Neue Filmbühne, which was built as a new building in 1999. It is located in the department store complex, which was also newly built in 1999, in the city center near the pedestrian zone and since a renovation in 2014 it has three presentation halls with a total of 270 seats.

Museums

  • city ​​Museum
  • Fossil collection in the Herzog Otto Middle School
  • Heimatmuseum Klosterlangheim

Buildings

Market square with the Catholic parish church and Upper Gate
Martin Luther Church
  • Catholic parish church Mariä Himmelfahrt Lichtenfels (late medieval, choir consecrated in 1487; baroque furnishings)
  • Martin Luther Church (Evangelical Lutheran, built in 1902/03 based on plans by Gustav Haeberle )
  • St. Jakob Chapel (Catholic)
  • Hospital Church : The Catholic Church was also redesigned in 1972 by Hubert Weber .
  • City palace (built in 1555/56 as an aristocratic seat, from the 17th century a granary, 1891–1970 wicker material warehouse, since 1991 an event and conference location)
  • Upper or Kronacher Gate Tower (lower floors early 15th, mid-16th centuries, top floor 1802)
  • Lower or Bamberg Gate
  • Red Tower (highest point of the former city fortifications)
  • Parts of the old city wall
  • Former forester's house (now a bookstore)
  • Kastenhof
  • Baroque town hall (built in 1742/43 according to plans by Justus Heinrich Dientzenhofer )
  • Town hall II (former regional court, district office from 1861, land surveying office from 1916)
  • railway station
  • City Museum (housed since 1999 in the former director's villa of the Bavarian beer brewery)
  • Art gallery in the old apothecary's house on Marktplatz 28
  • Bismarck Tower , a 20.5 m high observation tower on the Herberg in the north of Lichtenfels. The tower was built in 1903 as the “Sieges Lookout Tower” according to plans by Joh. Gräbner from Lichtenfels, renamed the Bismarck Tower on April 25, 1933 and is now also known as the “Herbergturm” or “Hohe Warte”
  • Water tower (used as a climbing room by the DAV Lichtenfels section)
  • Baroque monastery complex of the former Cistercian monastery Langheim with convent building in the district of Klosterlangheim
  • Nassanger manor in the Trieb district
  • Schney Castle
  • Underground passages under the old town
  • Bridge structure BW 67a of the BAB 73 near Kösten
  • Former Lichtenfels Castle

Jewish Cemetery

In the east of the community is the Jewish cemetery with two memorial stones that commemorate 25 Jewish victims of the Shoah and 48 other victims of National Socialism , for example Otto Bamberger (1885–1933), an important entrepreneur, art collector and patron.

Architectural monuments

Regular events

  • Basket market every third weekend in September
  • Shooting festival ten days from the second weekend in July
  • Q11 / Q12 session: the current qualification level of the Meranier Gymnasium organizes a session in the town hall up to four times a year .
  • Guided tour through the underground passages of Lichtenfels
  • Lichtenfelser Sonnentage (exhibition on renewable energies in the district office annually at the end of July)
  • Lichtenfelser Kirchweih (first weekend in May)
  • Ragnarök Festival annually on the weekend after Easter

Lichtenfels in literature

The writer Friedrich Gerstäcker (1816–1872) chose Lichtenfels as the setting for his story, Mr. Mahlhuber's travel adventure, which was published in 1857 .

sons and daughters of the town

literature

Web links

Commons : Lichtenfels  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Lichtenfels (Upper Franconia)  - travel guide
Wikisource: Lichtenfels in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ City of Lichtenfels - Annual Report 2016, p. 89
  3. ^ City of Lichtenfels - Seehof
  4. ^ City of Lichtenfels - Gnellenroth
  5. ^ City of Lichtenfels - Hammer
  6. ^ Office for Digitization, Broadband and Surveying Coburg. District. Retrieved June 5, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Thomas Gunzelmann: The cultural landscape around 1840 . In: Günther Dippold: In the upper Main Valley on the Jura an Rodach and Itz , self-published by Kreissparkasse Lichtenfels, Lichtenfels 1990, p. 75
  8. ↑ City Lichtenfels - www.lichtenfels.de - Upper Wallstadt
  9. ↑ City Lichtenfels - www.lichtenfels.de - Unterwall city
  10. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 511 .
  11. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 694 and 695 .
  12. ↑ RABl No. 17 v. December 28, 1988
  13. ↑ 1st ISEK report - City of Lichtenfels, p. 14
  14. ^ City of Lichtenfels Religion , 2011 census
  15. ↑ Population statistics 2019 , accessed on May 27, 2020
  16. ↑ City council election 2020, City of Lichtenfels, official final result , accessed on May 30, 2020
  17. ↑ Life City Center opened in Lichtenfels. October 17, 2012, accessed January 4, 2017 .
  18. ↑ Uwe Ritzer : The third dimension. In the structurally weak Upper Franconia, of all places, the US company General Electric is building a global competence center for 3-D printing . With the help of a smart entrepreneur and a quick mayor . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of May 12, 2017, p. 19.
  19. ↑ Simone Käfer: Master's degree “Additive Manufacturing and Lightweight Construction” planned. In: Machine Market. Vogel Communications Group, October 17, 2019, accessed on October 28, 2019 (German).
  20. ^ Editing for plastics: FADZ Lichtenfels is launched. In: https://www.kunststoffe.de . Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, October 25, 2019, accessed on October 28, 2019 (German).
  21. ↑ Bismarck Tower Lichtenfels on bismarcktuerme.de
  22. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A documentation, volume 1. Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 , p. 160
  23. ^ Friedrich Gerstäcker: Mr. Mahlhuber's travel adventure. Eulenspiegel Verlag, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-359-00135-4 .