Langheim Abbey

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Langheim Abbey
View of Langheim Abbey from the southwest, 1800
View of Langheim Abbey from the southwest, 1800
location GermanyGermany Germany
Bavaria
Lies in the diocese Archdiocese of Bamberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 '43.9 "  N , 11 ° 6' 36.4"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 6 '43.9 "  N , 11 ° 6' 36.4"  E
Serial number
according to Janauschek
69
Patronage St. Mary
founding year 1132/33
Year of dissolution /
annulment
1803
Mother monastery Ebrach Monastery
Primary Abbey Morimond Monastery

Daughter monasteries

Plasy Monastery (1144/45) Schlägl Monastery (1202/03)

The Klosterlangheim is a former Cistercian - Abbey in Klosterlangheim , a district of Lichtenfels in Upper Franconia in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bamberg .

history

The Langheim Monastery, consecrated to Saints Maria, Johannes Evangelist and Nikolaus, was founded in 1132/33 as a subsidiary of the Ebrach Monastery . Three Bamberg ministerials appeared as sponsors, behind which Bishop Otto I of Bamberg was the initiator. The monastery became one of the wealthiest monasteries in Northern Gau (Bavaria) in the 13th and 14th centuries thanks to rich donations to land holdings, subordinate and robot-dependent villages by the Dukes of Meranien in the 13th and 14th centuries . Around 1380, Langheim Abbey ran into economic difficulties, which led to part of the property and the income generated from it having to be sold to the diocese of Bamberg . The efforts of the monastery to break free from the rule of the Bamberg prince-bishops and to become imperial immediately were unsuccessful; in 1741 these efforts were given up when the political situation changed.

Between the years 1680 and 1792, during the re-catholicization , the abbots had the Langheim monastery converted into a splendid baroque complex based on plans by Johann Leonhard Dientzenhofer , Gottfried Heinrich Krohne , Balthasar Neumann and Lorenz Fink . The administrative courts of the administrative offices in Tambach , Kulmbach and Trieb were also renovated in the baroque style. The architect Balthasar Neumann planned the new construction of the impressive pilgrimage church Vierzehnheiligen near Bad Staffelstein on behalf of the Langheim monastery , which was completed in 1772.

Convent building

From May 5th to 6th, 1802, a major fire destroyed part of the convent building , one of the two libraries and severely damaged the monastery church and other components. The monastery was dissolved in 1803 in the course of secularization in Bavaria . At that time, it owned around 1700 farms in 230 locations with 17,000 daily labor (approx. 5,700 hectares ) of fields, meadows, forests and fish ponds, as well as 34 farms, four mills, four breweries and six sheep farms, which were operated independently through wage labor, slave labor or tenants edited.

The buildings damaged by the fire and the monastery church were demolished. The remaining buildings of the abbey that have been preserved are located in the center of Klosterlangheim . The oldest still existing monastic building is the former Katharinenkapelle, which was built around 1220 near the northern monastery entrance as a gate chapel and was used as a barn after the secularization. Its Romanesque portal was sold in 1907 and is now in the Berlin Bode Museum . The Sepulturkapelle , consecrated around 1624, was rededicated as a branch church of St. Maria, Petrus and Bernhard.

Abbots from 1449

  • 1449–1475 Johann von Dinstleben
  • 1476–1494 Johann Schad
  • 1494–1510 Emmeram Teuchler
  • 1510–1538 Johann Fabri called Strauss
  • 1538–1556 Konrad Haas
  • 1556–1562 Friedrich Marschalk (deposed because of his "inglorious way of life" and omitted in the portrait series of the abbots created in the 18th century)
  • 1562–1572 Ludwig Fuchs
  • 1572–1582 Magnus Hofmann
  • 1582–1584 Wilhelm Krenich
  • 1584–1592 Konrad Holzmann
  • 1592–1608 Johann Bückling
  • 1608–1620 Peter Schönfelder
  • 1620–1626 Johann Weiger
  • 1626–1631 Erasmus Behem (Böhm)
  • 1631–1637 Nikolaus Eber
  • 1637–1649 Johann Gagel
  • 1649–1664 Mauritius Knauer
  • 1664–1677 Alberich Semmelmann
  • 1677–1689 Thomas Wagner
  • 1689–1690 Candidus Bergmann
  • 1690–1728 Gallus Knauer
  • 1728–1734 Martin Wolf
  • 1734–1751 Stephan Mösinger
  • 1751–1774 Malachias Limmer
  • 1774–1791 Johann Nepomuk Pitius (suspended in 1789 due to waste in the renovation of the monastery)
  • 1791-1803 Candidus Hemmerlein

Manors and administrative courts of the monastery

  • The Langheimer Amtshof in Kulmbach was built by Leonhard Dientzenhofer at the end of the 17th century .
  • In Altenhof , a district of Weitramsdorf , there was a branch since the 12th century, where the monks created a number of ponds that were still in existence and farmed carp. The Tambach monastery courtyard , later the monastery office, was built in the vicinity of the fish ponds .
  • Nassanger is an estate in the Trieb district of the city of Lichtenfels . The current round building was built in 1693 under Abbot Gallus Knauer according to plans by the master builder Leonhard Dientzenhofer.
  • The Berghof is an estate in the Trieb district of the city of Lichtenfels . From 1727, Abbot Gallus Knauer had the original building replaced by a new building by the Coburg master builder Johann Georg Brückner, which the subsequent Abbot Martin Wolf expanded in 1733.
  • Today's district clinic in Hochstadt am Main is a former administrative and tavern of the monastery. The building is a sandstone block construction with a gable roof and corner core from 1605.

literature

  • Ferdinand Geldner: Langheim. Work and fate of a Franconian Cistercian monastery . 2nd edition with an afterword by Günter Dippold. Lichtenfels 1990.
  • Klosterlangheim. Symposium organized by the Hanns Seidel Foundation in cooperation with the Otto Friedrich University of Bamberg and the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation . Munich 1994 (workbook 65 of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation).
  • Günter Dippold: The monastery secularization of 1802/03. The example of Langheim . Bayreuth 2003 (local supplement to the Oberfränkisches Schulanzeiger 307).
  • Luitgar Göller: Witness to a great past. Former monasteries, monasteries and comers in the Archdiocese of Bamberg . Bamberg 2010. Langheim Abbey refer to pages 300–316. ISBN 978-3-931432-19-5 .

Web links

Commons : Langheim Monastery  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b Gabriele Wiesemann: Langheim Monastery: Historical Colonization Core and Current Cultural Heritage , In: Landscapes in Germany Online , as of September 19, 2019