Schlägl pen
| Schlägl pen | |
|---|---|
 Main nave |
|
| location |
 Austria
|
| Coordinates: | 48 ° 38 '10.3 " N , 13 ° 58' 4.1" E |
| founding year | 1202/03 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
probably in winter 1209/10 or in winter 1210/11 |
| Year of repopulation | 1218 ( Premonstratensian ) |
| Mother monastery |
Langheim Monastery , Cistercians Osterhofen Monastery or |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery , Cistercian |
The Schlägl (Latin Plaga ) is a Abbey the Prämonstratenser (OPraem) in landscape makes the Mühlviertel in Upper Austria . It was created in the succession of an extinct Cistercian monastery . The monastery is integrated into the Jakobsweg Upper Mühlviertel and the Rupertiweg . It also operates the Schlägl Abbey Brewery .
history
Cistercians
Schlägl Abbey was initially built as a Cistercian monastery. It was called “Slage”, Latin “Plaga”, and was probably brought into being in 1202/03 by Passau's bishop Wolfger von Erla , who commissioned his ministerial Kalhoch II von Falkenstein to carry it out. The settlement took place with Cistercians from the Franconian monastery Langheim . It is not known why the Cisterce went out after only a few years - probably in the winter of 1209/10 or in the winter of 1210/11. It was poorly funded from the start and probably had to fight against difficult climatic conditions due to its location in the densely wooded northern forest of the upper Mühlviertel.
Bishop Wolfger's successors Manegold von Berg and Ulrich II tried to revitalize the area at a climatically more favorable location on the Große Mühl . After the Premonstratensians were successfully won, the abbot and convent of Langheim renounced all claims of the "Cisterce Slage" in a document on June 20, 1218.
Premonstratensians
On July 9, 1218 Kalhoch ( Chalhoch ) von Falkenstein handed over his foundation to the Premonstratensians of Schlägl. There is no clear evidence as to whether the settlement was made by canons from the Osterhofen monastery in Lower Bavaria or the Bohemian Mühlhausen monastery . The corresponding original documents are lost and the copies that have been received are unreliable and in some cases forged. In the Osterhofen monastery annals there is a note for the year 1220, according to which the Premonstratensians there took over (not founded ) the Schlägl monastery . In a document from Passau Bishop Rüdiger von Bergheim from 1236, Konrad von Falkenstein, a son of the founder, renounced the Schlägler Vogtei. In the same document the bishop decreed that Schlägl should be subordinate to the provost of Osterhofen. From this it follows that it must have had another mother monastery before. The oldest catalogs of orders include Schlägl to the Bavarian Order Association and from 1250 to the Bohemian Order Province.
The Witigon family branches of the Lords of Krumau and the Rosenbergs, related to the Falkensteiners and the Blankenbergers , contributed to the endowment of the Schlägl Monastery with rich donations:
- Witiko I. von Krumau gave three manors and the church in Lichtenwerd and the village of Pfaffenschlag ( Phaphenslag ) to Schlägl monastery in 1258 for damage caused and for their own good fortune . In the same year on June 16, the Prague bishop Johann dem Schlägler Konvent confirmed the right of patronage over the church of Lichtenwerd, which was the oldest parish of the monastery.
- After his death in 1262, Wok von Rosenberg , the founder of Hohenfurt Monastery , bequeathed wills to Schlägl Monastery .
- With a document made out in Passau in 1264, Budiwoj von Krumau, Skalitz and Sepekau and his wife Perchta von Falkenstein handed over the village of Schintau ( Schindlau bei Schlägl) to Schlägl Abbey . Among the witnesses were Budivoy's brother "Witigo de Chrumnav" and "Pilgrimus de Valchenstein". Perchta von Falkenstein was a granddaughter of the founder of the monastery, Kalhoch.
- On May 29, 1305, Heinrich I von Rosenberg awarded the Church of Friedberg to Schlägl Abbey , which he increased by further donations on the same day.
Probably after 1251 Schlägl was designated by the General Chapter as the daughter monastery of Mühlhausen. With a bull dated February 13, 1257, Pope Alexander IV granted the faithful of the dioceses of Passau , Prague and Regensburg an indulgence of 100 days if they help the abbot of Mühlhausen ( Mileuz ) to build up the Schlägl monastery. Schlägl was explicitly mentioned as a daughter monastery of Mühlhausen only in 1307, when the Mühlhausen convent established a fraternity and prayer fraternity with the Schlägler convent. In the same year, Bishop Bernhard von Prambach from Passau asked the General Chapter of the Premonstratensian Order to subordinate Schlägl Abbey back to Osterhofen Abbey . In 1319 the Passau cathedral chapter transferred the Rohrbach parish to Schlägl Abbey, to which the Rohrbach parish church was incorporated in 1321. After the monastery was damaged in the battle between Friedrich the Beautiful and Ludwig the Bavarian (1314–1322), it was rebuilt with the help of the Rosenbergs. In 1327 the Lower Bavarian dukes Heinrich d. Ä. , Otto and Heinrich to the Abbey Toll Freedom in Burghausen and Schärding . In the same year Wilhelm von Landstein gave the monastery the right of patronage over the church of Wodnian on behalf of the Bohemian King Johann von Luxemburg .
On August 28, 1420, the Mühlhausen abbot Svatomir asked the captain of the state of the Enns , Reinprecht von Walsee , to order a visit to Schlägl because he was unable to do so himself because of the destruction of his pen by the Hussites . The visitation took place on September 11th. J. by the knight Andreas Herleinsperger, who held the office of vice-dominus in the bishopric of Passau . Presumably because the Mühlhausen monastery was impoverished by the destruction by the Hussites, the general chapter transferred the paternity right over the Schlägl monastery from the Mühlhausen abbot to the abbot of Osterhofen in a document issued on May 7, 1433 in Basel . Since Schlägl Abbey was also destroyed during the Hussite Wars , it was rebuilt under Provost Andreas Rieder and consecrated in 1448 by Passau Auxiliary Bishop Sigismund Pircham. In 1451 a prayer fraternity was agreed with Johannes Capistranus in Krumau , one year later with the convent of the Goldenkron monastery , 1466 with the Hohenfurt monastery , 1476 with the Wittingau monastery and 1498 with the Klosterneuburg monastery . As early as 1465, Emperor Friedrich III. Schlägl Abbey and the Rohrbach parish church are under its special protection.
In 1476, a circular chapter of the Bohemian Order Province was held in Schlägl . At the request of Provost Andreas, on April 17, 1479, Wok and Peter von Rosenberg confirmed all privileges and gifts of their ancestors to Schlägl Abbey and approved the use of the road via Untermoldau and Oberplan . In the same year the privileges granted by their ancestors were also confirmed by the Bohemian King Vladislav and Duke Georg der Reiche von Bayern-Landshut . 1489 gave Pope Innocent VIII. The Schlägler Provost John for himself and his successors pontifical and to bless liturgical equipment and the right ordinations Niedere be granted. 1493 confirmed Emperor Friedrich III. the privileges granted to the pen. In the same year he asked Governor Gotthard von Starhemberg, Abbot Ulrich Seckler and the monastery to protect their freedoms. After both the emperor and the governor died a short time later, Abbot Ulrich Seckler was deposed and, under the chairmanship of Father Abbot Bartholomäus von Mühlhausen, Johannes Großhaupt was elected as provost. The events surrounding the removal of Provost Ulrich Seckler were confirmed by the Abbot General and the General Chapter in 1498. In the same year, the Roman-German King and later Emperor Maximilian I confirmed the privileges granted to the monastery by his father. After a fire, which the Schlägler Deacon Oswald Poch was charged with, he was sentenced to life imprisonment by the General Chapter in 1499. In the same year, the Mühlhausen abbot Bartholomäus headed the election of the new provost in Schlägl, which proves that the paternity right at this time was with the Mühlhausen monastery.
In the turmoil of the Reformation , the monastery came under secular administration by unworthy provosts, which almost drowned it. An improvement only occurred in 1589 when the provost Wenzeslaus Zypser took office. He came from Tachau , was prior of Klosterbruck and initially the only priest of the monastery. He succeeded in restoring spiritual order; In addition, part of the debts was paid off, the upper Maierhof built and the farm buildings repaired. He lived with his confreres according to the ordinance and gave the pastors of the monastery parishes instructions with rules of faith and behavior. During the Mühlviertel peasant unrest of 1594 he had to flee to Bohemia. During the tenure of the provost Crispin Fuck, Emperor Matthias granted the privilege to trade salt in Bohemia. This made it possible to repay the debts, build part of the monastery building and purchase a new high altar. During the Peasants' War of 1626, the monastery was burned down to the walls. The reconstruction took place from 1627 under provost Martin Greysing. In 1637 the monastery church and the provost's office were completed. After the economic recovery, the monastery experienced a spiritual and cultural heyday with the establishment of the Philosophical-Theological School. In 1657 it was elevated to an abbey by the provost, the first abbot of which was the provost Martin Greysing. He founded the Martinsspital in Aigen Abbey , built glassworks and built the pilgrimage church of St. Wolfgang am Stein.
The 18th century was again accompanied by economic difficulties, mainly caused by the fires of 1702 and 1739. On March 11, 1764, the Congregation for Bishops and Religious ( Congregatio episcoporum et regularium ) in Rome settled the centuries-old dispute over whether the paternity law over Schlägl was the Osterhofen monastery in Bavaria or the Strahov monastery as successor belonging to the Mühlhausen monastery, which was abolished in 1575. Although none of the parties was able to present relevant documents, a final decision was made in favor of Osterhofen and no legal remedy was permitted. The true facts could not be clarified until today due to a lack of impeccable documents.
In 1850 the monastery was again largely destroyed by fire. The reconstruction took place under Abbot Dominik Lebschy , who held the post of governor of Upper Austria from 1861 to 1868 . As early as 1852 he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Franz Joseph Order because of his services as President of the State College and his commitment to teaching . The monastery was further expanded under Abbot Norbert Schachinger, who was elected Abbot General of the order in 1906. From 1924 an agricultural school was operated in the monastery, which was given its own school building in 1930. On April 29, 1941, the monastery was abolished by the National Socialist rulers. After the end of the Second World War, abbot Cajetan Lang carried out a comprehensive restoration of the monastery complex.
today
The monastery is the spiritual, pastoral and economic center of the upper Mühlviertel , from which 8 own, 16 episcopal and 2 parishes incorporated into St. Florian Monastery are looked after. In addition, the canons are also active in the pastoral care of the sick and in the school system. From 1989 to 2019, Abt em. Martin Felhofer presented the monastery community of 33 Canons (as of November 2019). H. Lukas Dikany was elected abbot on June 6, 2019. The canon Rupert Gottfried Frieberger was known far beyond the Mühlviertel as an organist and composer.
Monastery complex
Just a few decades after it was founded, the construction of stone church and monastery buildings began. After the destruction by the Hussites, the monastery complex was rebuilt by 1448. Further rebuilding took place after the peasant riots of 1594 and 1626 and after a fire in 1850.
- The still preserved Romanesque crypt and the central nave of the monastery church date from the middle of the 13th century.
- The Maria Anger Church, which was closed during the Josephine Reforms , was restored in 1857. The high altar was created by the Munich sculptor Johann Petz , the side altars were carved by the Linz sculptor Westenrieder. The Munich painter Augustin Palme created the altar paintings .
- Construction of the library began in 1830; its institution was created in 1852. It comprises around 60,000 volumes, 390 incunabula and 263 manuscripts. Alexander Weiß created the ceiling painting.
- The picture gallery on the east side of the monastery was built in 1898. It contains valuable Gothic panel paintings by old German and Dutch masters as well as around 200 paintings, including by Albrecht Altdorfer , Paolo Veronese , Moritz von Schwind and David Teniers the Elder Ä.
- The sculpture of the “Madonna von Schlägl”, created around 1220, is in the Upper Austrian State Museum in Linz.
Great organ
The organ on the west gallery is the work of Andreas Butz , who made it between 1633 and 1634. In 1708 Johann Christoph Egedacher carried out a modification, which mainly affected the positive from the outside, in 1853 Josef Breinbauer expanded the instrument by three registers and finally in 1904 Johann Lachmayr pneumatically by another ten registers. In the years 1989–1990 Orgelmakerij Reil restored the instrument comprehensively and returned it to the state of 1708. It has 21 stops on two manuals and pedal , the action is mechanical.
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economy
Schlägl Abbey is active in several economic sectors:
Several types of beer are brewed and bottled in the Schlägl monastery brewery, which has been in existence since 1580 .
The forest administration of the monastery manages the large forest property of about 6500 ha, which is mainly located in the Bohemian Forest . On the Hongar between Aurach and the Attersee there is also a 798 hectare part of the forest property. The forest is managed according to the plenter principle . The Mühlschwemme , part of the Schwarzenbergsch Schwemm Canal, was once owned by the monastery.
In addition to the well-known Stiftskeller inn, the monastery operates several restaurants in the Hochficht ski area . There is a 50% stake in Hochficht Bergbahnen GmbH.
Two small hydropower plants generate an average of 3 to 4 GWh of electricity per year.
Toast
- 1236-1242 Orthold
- 1242–1260 Heinrich I.
- 1260–1277 Diepold I.
- 1277-1280? Nicholas I.
- 1280–1289 Rudlin von Haichenbach (?)
- 1305–1337 Ulrich I.
- 1338-1343 Theodoric
- 1343–1356 Nicholas II.
- 1356–1360 / 62 John I (deposed in 1360; continued to rule)
- 1363–1364 Heinrich II. (Appointed 1360; previously canon in Mühlhausen)
- 1374–1380 Peter I (insecure provost)
- 1374-1377? Henry III.
- 1381–1388 / 89 Henry IV.
- 1389–1392 / 95 Peter II.
- 1395-1403? Diepold II.
- 1396-1400? Nicholas III Flenzel
- 1427–1444 John II New Eagle
- 1444–1481 Andreas I. Rieder
- 1481-1490 John III. (from Krumau)
- 1490–1493 Ulrich II. Seckler (Seibler)
- 1493–1499 John IV Grand Head
- 1499–1522 Nicholas IV of Schestau
- 1555–1568 Andreas II. Schueschiz
- 1576–1577 Paulus Marchesini
- 1586–1587 Johannes V. Rössler (deposed)
- 1589–1608 Wenzeslaus Zypser (came from Tachau ; was prior of Klosterbruck)
- 1609-1622 Crispin Fuck
Abbots
- 1627–1665 Martin Greysing
- 1684–1687 Gottfried Johann Kleber
- 1701-1721 Siard I. Worath
- 1763–1797 Siard II. Dengler
- 1838–1884 Dominik Lebschy
- 1884–1922 Norbert Schachinger
- 1922–1925 Gilbert Schartner
- 1925–1946 Benedikt Sobotka
- 1958–1989 Florian (Josef) Pröll
- 1989–2019 Martin Felhofer
- since 2019 Lukas Dikany
Abbey parish churches
- 1319 Rohrbach parish church
- 1411 Aigen parish church in the Mühlkreis
- 1414/1667 Ulrichsberg parish church
- 1642 Parish Church of St. Oswald near Haslach
- 1642 Parish church Haslach an der Mühl , previously incorporated into St. Florian Monastery
- 1690 Parish church of Kleinzell in the Mühlkreis
- 1779 Oepping parish church
- 1784 Parish church Schwarzenberg am Bohemian Forest
- 1958 Klaffer parish church , before that branch of the Ulrichsberg parish church
literature
- Josef Andessner: The monasteries of the Mühlviertel (II). In: Mühlviertler Heimatblätter. Linz 1967, online (PDF; 4 MB) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
- Rupert Gottfried Frieberger : The organs in Schlägl Abbey and its incorporated parishes. (= Musicological contributions to the Schlägler music seminars. Ed. By Rupert Gottfried Frieberger, Volume 8). Steinbach ad Steyr 2009, ISBN 3-902143-08-8 .
- Rupert Gottfried Frieberger: Music maintenance at the Premonstratensian Abbey of Schlägl 1946–2009. (= Musicological contributions to the Schlägler music seminars. Ed. By Rupert Gottfried Frieberger, Volume 10). Steinbach ad Steyr 2014, ISBN 978-3-902773-24-1 .
- Evermod Hager: Where did the first Premonstratensians come to Schlägl? Linz 1918.
- Isfried H. Pichler: Documents Schlägl Monastery (= Schlägler writings. Volume 12). Self-published by Stift Schlägl, Schlägl 2003.
- Isfried H. Pichler: Slage as Cisterce. On the history of the Cistercian monastery Schlägl. In: Regional history and archival science. Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of Upper Austria. State Archives. (= Communications from the Upper Austrian Provincial Archives. Volume 18) Linz 1996, pp. 153–185, part 1 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at, part 2 (PDF) in the forum OoeGeschichte.at.
- Laurenz Pröll: History of the Premonstratensian monastery Schlägl in the upper Mühlviertel. Linz 1877 ( digitized version ), 2nd supplemented edition, Linz 1980, 464 pages.
- Alexander Rausch : Schlägl. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 4, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-7001-3046-5 .
- Laurenz Schuster: Foundation of the Premonstratensian Monastery in Schlägl and the first construction period. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 106, Linz 1961, pp. 127-163, PDF (2.9 MB) on ZOBODAT
- Schlägl Abbey: Lumen, 350 years of abbey rise. Schlägl 2007.
- Hugo Gerard Ströhl: The coat of arms of the abbots of the Premonstratensian monastery Schlägl. Vienna 1893 ( digitized on digi.landesbibliothek.at).
- Alois Zauner : On the early history of Schlägl Abbey. In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association. Volume 149, Linz 2004, pp. 327-394, PDF (5.1 MB) on ZOBODAT
Web links
- Homepage of the monastery at stift-schlaegl.at.
- Entry in the order lexicon list: Abbots von Schlägl von Orden online , as of April 6, 2009
Individual evidence
- ↑ Schuster 1877, p. 129f (Latin original text from June 20, 1218 with German translation).
- ↑ Schuster 1877, pp. 127–129 (original Latin text of July 9, 1218 with German translation).
- ↑ No longer existing village of the parish Lichtenwerd (Světlík), now the nature reserve Bobovec peat site .
- ↑ Johannes Ramharter: The sculptures of the Schlägl monastery. Schlägl 1998, p. 122.
- ↑ Brigitte Wied, Alois Zauner: Madonna from Schlägl Abbey
- ^ Organ on the west gallery of the Schlägl collegiate church at Schlaeglmusik.de (comprehensive information on the organ).
- ↑ Our forest, our connection to nature Forest ownership on the website of Stift Schlägl.
- ↑ Stift Schlägl Sustainability Report 2007 (PDF; 5.1 MB).
- ↑ Information board at the show power plant Schläglerwehr.
- ↑ lukas-dikany-is-the-new-abt-im-stift-Schlaegl; art4,3137727 , accessed on June 11, 2019