Peter IV of Rosenberg

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Peter IV von Rosenberg (Czech Petr IV. Z Rožmberka ; born January 17, 1462 ; † October 9, 1523 ), was governor of Bohemia and 1493–1523 regent of the house of Rosenberg .

Life

His parents were Johann II. Von Rosenberg and Anna († 1483), daughter of Duke Heinrich IX. from Glogau . From 1477 to 1478 Peter studied with his Preceptor at the University of Bologna . It was probably an undergraduate degree that did not give him an academic title. His older brother Wok II von Rosenberg stayed at the court of the Bavarian Duke Ludwig von Bayern-Landshut during this time and in 1479 took over the reign of the House of Rosenberg. For the duration of the absence of his brother Wok, who took part in the coronation of King Vladislav II in Hungary in 1490 , the office of Bohemian governor was transferred to Peter, who Wok held.

After Wok voluntarily renounced the reign on December 4, 1493 for health reasons, Peter followed him in the government. A short time later, King Vladislav appointed him to succeed Wok as governor and at the same time as governor of Bohemia for the duration of his absence . 1497–1501 Peter was able to enforce a state law in the Bohemian state parliament, with which the privileged position of the Rosenbergs was recognized before all other Bohemian aristocrats and the members of the state government. The law was signed in 1501 by the highest royal officials Heinrich IV von Neuhaus , Johann von Schellenberg ( Jan ze Šelenberka ), Puta Švihovský von Riesenburg ( Půta Švihovský z Rýzmberka ), William II of Pernstein , Jan von Janowitz and King Vladislav. The law was intended to affirm the honor and fame of the Rosenbergs. It referred to a document from 1341 in which King John of Luxembourg is said to have confirmed the highest position of the Rosenbergs among the Bohemian nobles. However, it later turned out to be a forgery by the Rosenberg law firm.

In 1499 Peter resigned himself to the office of governor and governor. Since Vladislav, as King of Hungary, often stayed outside of Bohemia, the Lieutenancy of Peters was associated with high financial burdens for him. He now followed the economic and cultural development of his dominion and was able to consolidate the power of the Rosenbergs on the basis of the state law of 1501. During his reign the late Gothic Marienkirche was built in Kalsching and the parish church of St. Ädigius in Unterhaid . From 1503 to 1513 the Krumlov castle , in which he resided, was rebuilt in the late Gothic style according to plans by the builder Ulrich Pesnitzer from Burghausen . Ulrich Pesnitzer is said to have been mediated by the Bavarian Duke Wilhelm .

The construction of the Wittingau pond system started by his brother Wok was continued by Peter. Under the direction of Štěpan Netolický († May 1538) and fish master Václav Bernešek, further fish ponds and the artificial canal " Zlatá stoka " ( Goldbach ) were created. In addition, Peter expanded his economic activity to include mining. On December 5, 1513, he was granted prospecting rights to mine precious metals such as gold and silver. At the same time he was exempt from the mining tax and was allowed to trade freely with the metals.

Since he had no children himself, the property was to be divided among his nephews, the sons of Wok II von Rosenberg, in his will. However, after Wok's death in 1505, the relationship between his sons and their uncle Peter worsened. Since the Rosenberg property was indivisible according to an entry in the Bohemian country table from 1493, Peter asked King Ludwig for permission to freely divide the property. This request was granted on January 13, 1519. It was only in modern times that the alleged indivisibility of the Rosenberg dominion was revealed as a forgery from the law firm of Ulrich II von Rosenberg . The land table entry from 1493 was based on a non-existent confirmation from King Charles IV , which he is said to have issued in 1360.

After the royal approval for the division of the estates, Peter entered into negotiations with his nephews, favoring Johann . Since this belonged to the clergy, he was not very suitable as regent of the House of Rosenberg, so that his brothers Jost , Peter and Heinrich protested against the decision. They proposed their youngest brother Heinrich as Peter's successor.

Peter gave a smaller part of the property to his nephews Heinrich, Jost and Peter while he was still alive. They were Wittingau , Chaußnik , Sobieslau , Miličín and Příběnice . Peter initially kept the larger part to himself and bequeathed it to his eldest nephew Johann, whom he also designated as his successor in the reign. The possessions assigned to Johann were: Krumau , Prachatitz , Husinec , Sablath , Gratzen , Helfenburg , Rosenberg , Burg Wittinghausen and Haslach . He received further possessions with the proviso that these ecclesiastical institutions were to be transferred.

After Johann belonged to the priesthood and therefore could not have a legitimate successor, Peter IV ordered the transfer of the Ottau court to the Ostrov monastery , the Tveras ( Svéraz ) court to the Strahov monastery and the return of the goods of the Goldenkron monastery in his will the same thing. For the rulers already ceded to his nephew Johann, only a lifelong property right was provided for. After Johann's death, his inheritance should come to foreign nobles. Zdeniek Lev von Rosental auf Blatna was appointed to inherit the rule and the city of Krumau with the mines, the city of Prachatitz with Zablat and Hussinetz and the patronage of the Goldenkron monastery . The rule of Gratzen and the patronage of the Hohenfurth monastery were given to Christoph von Schwanberg auf Worlik , the rule of Helfenburg to Johann von Schwanberg to Bor , the rule of Rosenberg and Wittinghausen to Peter Holitzky from Sternberg to Lštění and the Haslach market to Hans von Hardegg to Glatz . Only the rest of the property should remain with his blood relatives. With this will the so-called Rosenberg inheritance dispute was triggered, and it was not until 1525 that Peter's will was entered in the Bohemian land table. However, the will was not executed. In 1526 Heinrich von Rosenberg had the three country messengers incarcerated at his Krumau Castle with the letters of guarantee to hand over the rule of Gratzen to Christoph von Schwanberg, they ate the letters with their seals and finally drove them out of the castle with dogs. His brother Johann finally compared himself to the heirs appointed in the will and ended the inheritance dispute.

After his death, Peter von Rosenberg was buried in the family crypt in the Hohenfurth monastery church .

wife

Through the mediation of the Oberstlandmarschall Wilhelm II. Von Pernstein , Peter married Elisabeth von Krawarn ( Alžběta z Kravař ; † 1500) in 1483 . She was a daughter of Georg von Krawarn and Strassnitz ( Jiří z Kravař a ze Strážnice ) and was married to Bertold / Pertold von Leipa († 1482) for the first time. Since Peter and Elisabeth were related to each other in the fourth degree, the appropriate dispensation was granted on July 9, 1483 by Pope Sixtus IV . J. concluded the marriage contract. In him Peter undertook not to hinder his future wife in the practice of her utraquist faith. Elisabeth brought the Moravian rule of Strážnice into the marriage, which Peter sold to the lords of Žerotín after her death .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Valentin Schmidt , Alois Picha: Document book of the city of Krummau in Böhmen. 2 volumes. Association for the History of Germans in Bohemia, Prague 1908–1910.
  2. ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia. Volume 9: Budweiser Kreis. Verlag der Buchhandlung von Friedrich Ehrlich, Prague 1841, pp. 203–204 .
personal data
SURNAME Peter IV of Rosenberg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Petr IV. From Rožmberka
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Regent of the House of Rosenberg; Governor and temporarily governor of Bohemia
DATE OF BIRTH January 17, 1462
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1523