Ulrich II von Rosenberg

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Ulrich II von Rosenberg (Czech Oldřich II. Z Rožmberka ; born January 13, 1403 , † April 28, 1462 in Krumau ) was governor and governor of Bohemia from 1438 to 1444 and regent of the House of Rosenberg .

Life

His parents were Heinrich III. von Rosenberg and Elisabeth von Krawarn and Blumenau . After his father's death in 1412, Ulrich was placed under the tutelage of Čeněk von Wartenberg and other nobles. Under the influence of his mother and the guardian Čeněk von Wartenberg, who were close to Utraquism , Ulrich also sympathized with this. After reaching the age of majority, he took over the reign of the Rosenberg estates in 1418. On April 20, 1420 he signed a public appeal not to recognize Sigismund as king. Because of the atrocities perpetrated by the Hussites, he turned away from them a short time later and switched to Sigismund's side. For this he moved to Tábor in mid-June 1420 , which was unsuccessfully besieged by Sigismund. On June 30, 1420 Ulrich's army was attacked and defeated by the Hussite captain Nikolaus von Husi , so that Ulrich had to flee.

After the Taborites made forays into Ulrich's territory from Kamnitz , he attacked them, but could not take Kamnitz. So he let it burn down. He kept Hussite priests who did not want to revoke their doctrine at his castles.

On September 3, 1420 Ulrich was appointed captain of Bechin and the Prachin circle together with Wenzel von Dauba ( Václav z Dubé ) and Peter von Sternberg ( Petr ze Šternberka ) .

On November 12, 1420 Jan Žižka attacked the city of Prachatitz . The Goldenkron Monastery was also targeted by the Hussites, who took Příběnice on November 13, 1420 . On November 18, 1420, due to military failures and financial difficulties Ulrichs came to an arbitration. Ulrich committed himself to Žižka, Chval von Machovic, Zbyněk von Buchov, Pavlík von Mužic and the city of Písek to have the Four Prague Articles valid on his possessions until February 4, 1421 . He concluded a similar peace agreement with Ulrich von Tabor ( Oldřich Táborský ).

Since the looting of his lands continued, he had to pledge Rosenberg Castle and sell Haslach in 1421 due to financial difficulties . In the summer of 1421 he succeeded in taking Sobieslau . In 1422 the Hussites besieged Wittingau , plundered the area and conquered Gratzen . The monasteries Goldenkron and Hohenfurt set them on fire. In 1425 Ulrich informed King Sigismund that he was no longer able to wage or finance any further wars. In 1427 he had to pledge Wittinghausen and in 1428 sell other villages. He lost Lipnitz through raids by Jan Smil von Křemže .

On February 28, 1434, Emperor Sigismund appointed Ulrich II von Rosenberg as the authorized representative for negotiations with the Utraquists , making him the leading representative of the Catholics.

After the Battle of Lipan in 1435 he defeated the remaining fighters of the rebels at Křeč near Pilgrams . In joint negotiations with Přibík von Klenov ( Přibík z Klenové ), Ulrich was instrumental in ending the Hussite Wars . Its termination was sealed with a treaty dated November 18, 1436 by King Sigismund, who was recognized as the Bohemian king in the Iglauer Landtag in the same year . Ulrich got Pořešín and Lomnitz as a reward . 1437 he obtained through a forgery Wesseli at the Lainsitz . In June 1437 he bought the reign of Přiběnice from the town of Tábor and had the Příběnice and Přiběničky castles, which both parties used as a refuge, destroyed. From Emperor Sigismund he received Zvíkov and the Milovice Monastery as pledge. Together with Hynek Ptáček von Pirkstein and Aleš Holický von Sternberg , he conquered the Velký Malahov Castle ( water trumpets ) and destroyed it. In Božejov Ulrich besieged the fortress that Taborit Jarosch von Drahonitz ( Jaroš z Drahonic ) lived in. Before it could be taken by Ulrich, Jarosch burned it down and fled to Wodnian . The two are said to have reconciled on March 7, 1445.

After the death of Emperor Sigismund, there were disputes about his successor. Ulrich supported together with other noble Catholics and the moderate Utraquists the candidacy of Sigismund's son-in-law, Duke Albrecht , whom he proposed on December 30, 1437 together with Meinhard von Neuhaus . Sigismund's widow Barbara von Cilli with her followers under the leadership of Hynek Ptáček von Pirkstein, however, favored the Polish King Wladyslaw . On June 29, 1438 Albrecht entered Prague. At the coronation ceremony him to Ulrich of Rosenberg crown jewels have presented. In 1439 King Albrecht appointed Ulrich von Rosenberg and Meinhard von Neuhaus as governors of the Bohemian kingdom.

After Albrecht's death, Ulrich initially supported Albrecht of Bavaria's candidacy . Only when the latter refused the crown did he stand up for Ladislaus Postumus . In order to promote Ladislaus' coronation, Ulrich traveled several times to see Kaiser Friedrich in Vienna, who refused to allow Ladislaus to take power before he was of legal age.

Ulrich went down in history because of the murder of Jan Smil von Křemže . As a supporter of the Hussites, he came into opposition with Ulrich, who held him captive for some time in the early 1420s. Presumably because he was after Jan Smil's possessions, he accused him of forging documents in 1439 and took him prisoner again. Although Jan Smil left his possessions Prachatitz , Hus, Wallern , Vildštejn and Křemže to Rosenberg in July 1444 , he was executed in Krumau in 1447 .

After the future King George of Podebrady and his followers took Prague in 1448 , Ulrich von Rosenberg lost his political influence. In 1449 he founded the so-called "Strakonitzer Einheit", an association of Catholic nobles who turned against Georg von Podiebrad.

On November 13, 1451 Ulrich handed over the rule to his sons Heinrich, Jost and Johann, with Heinrich representing his brothers. In return, Ulrich demanded the income from Wittingau and Krumau. Nevertheless, Ulrich appeared together with Heinrich as the author and recipient of documents and contracts until 1456. After Heinrich's death in 1457, his third-born son Johann succeeded him , as the second-born Jost belonged to the clergy. Subsequently, there were disputes between Johann and his father Ulrich, which led to Ulrich withdrawing to Maidstein Castle for a while on July 27, 1457 . In 1461 the dispute escalated to such an extent that Georg von Podiebrad appointed Ulrich's second son, the Breslau bishop Jost II von Rosenberg, as an arbitrator. In the arbitration award of August 17, 1461, it was determined that Ulrich had to retire to his Český Krumlov Castle and that Johann should compensate him materially. Ulrich died a year later.

Fakes

Ulrich II von Rosenberg presented several forged documents around the middle of the 14th century, with which the prestige of the Rosenbergs was increased or with which the claims to certain possessions were to be proven. I.a. In this way the incorrect information came about that Peter I. von Rosenberg had committed a heroic deed in the Franco-English War when he captured the enemy's banner.

With another forged document dated November 14, 1264, Ottokar II Přemysl is said to have placed the Goldenkron Monastery under the protection of Woks von Rosenberg and his descendants and granted him hunting rights for the monastery lands. These facts are said to have been confirmed by the Bohemian King John of Luxembourg with a document dated September 17, 1333. This document was later recognized relatively easily by historians as a forgery. The forgers obviously missed the fact that at the time of the first document from 1264, Wok had been dead for two years. Ulrich II von Rosenberg, however, used this forgery to acquire the Goldenkron monastery properties during the Hussite Wars .

The state law enforced by Peter IV von Rosenberg in the Bohemian state parliament from 1497–1501 , with which the privileged position of the Rosenbergs was recognized above all other Bohemian aristocrats and the members of the state government, came about through a forgery. It referred to a document from 1341 in which King John of Luxembourg is said to have confirmed the highest position of the Rosenbergs among the Bohemian nobles. However, it later turned out to be a forgery by the Rosenberg law firm.

According to an entry in the Bohemian country table from 1493, the Rosenberg dominion should be inherited undivided. It was only in modern times that the alleged indivisibility emerged as a forgery from Ulrich II's law firm. The land table entry from 1493 was based on a non-existent confirmation from King Charles IV , which he is said to have issued in 1360.

The alleged descent of the Rosenbergs from the Roman Orsini came about because Ulrich II constructed a fictitious genealogical descent from the Prince Orsini, which was confirmed by three members of this family in 1469–1481. The legend was taken up again after 1594 by the Rosenberg court chronicler and archivist Václav Březan in his Monumenta Rosenbergica and thus spread. Since Březan wrote the Rosenberg Chronicle and other publications on the basis of the archival material available to him and he was not aware of the forgeries, the summary extract from the chronicle from 1609 also contains numerous errors, which can be traced back to the use of the forged documents .

family

In 1418 Ulrich married Katharina von Wartenberg († 1436). Children came from marriage

After Katharina's death in 1436, Ulrich was married to Elisabeth von Schwanberg ( Alžběta ze Švamberka ) for the second time.

literature
personal data
SURNAME Ulrich II von Rosenberg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oldřich II of Rožmberka
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Governor in Bohemia
DATE OF BIRTH January 13, 1403
DATE OF DEATH April 28, 1462
Place of death Český Krumlov