Johann II of Rosenberg

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Johann II. Von Rosenberg “the peaceable” (Czech Jan II. Z Rožmberka “Pokojný”; * 1434 ; † November 8, 1472 in Ortenberg ) was governor of the hereditary principalities of Wroclaw and Schweidnitz-Jauer as well as the highest chamberlain in Bohemia . He came from the Bohemian noble family Rosenberg .

Life

His parents were Ulrich II von Rosenberg and Katharina von Wartenberg . From March 1445 to April 1446, Johann stayed several times at the court of the Bavarian Duke Heinrich von Bayern-Landshut . While he was still alive, his father had resigned in 1451 and transferred the property to his sons, with the eldest son Heinrich replacing the younger sons Jost and Johann. Since the second-born Jost belonged to the clergy, the regency of the Rosenberg family came to Johann after Heinrich's death in 1457. In the same year, King Ladislaus gave him the post of governor of the hereditary principality of Breslau and of Schweidnitz-Jauer, which had become vacant through Heinrich . He also held these offices after Ladislaus death under his successor Georg von Podebrady . Since Johann supported his election, although he remained a devout Catholic, there were disputes with his father Ulrich II. It was suspected that King George had bought John's vote because he was a main believer in the Rosenberg possessions.

At Georg's request, Johann and his army took part in the Battle of Iglau in 1458 , which ended on November 15 with the conclusion of a peace treaty, with which the Iglauers committed themselves to pay homage to George.

Through constant armed conflicts, Johann was so indebted, also through the wars waged during his father's reign, that he had to pledge or sell several properties. On March 4, 1458 he pledged the castle and the Helfenburg rule to Johann Popel von Lobkowitz for five years , then to Mikuláš Přechov von Čestic, from whose family he bought it back. Rosenberg followed in 1464 . On August 31, 1459, he had pledged a large part of the property to his brother Jost. This may have been a bogus transaction that was intended to confirm Rosenberger's solvency.

In April 1459, Johann took part as advisor to the king in the Cheb meeting , in which Albrecht of Brandenburg , Friedrich I of the Palatinate , Wilhelm and Friedrich of Saxony took part and in which, among other things, the ownership rights of the Bohemian crown in Germany were discussed.

After the death of Pope Pius II , who, in the interests of European peace, let the Bohemian king have his way, the newly elected Pope Paul II declared George of Podebrady a heretic . Because of the subsequent political and religious disputes, sixteen of the most important Catholic nobles, including Johann, gathered at Grünberg Castle , which was owned by Zdeněk von Sternberg . Under his leadership they founded the Grünberger Allianz and drafted a decree accusing the king of violating state rights. On September 25, 1465 they presented him with the decree at the session of the Bohemian Landtag, to which Georg reacted with a correspondingly sharp answer. It is not known why Johann sided with the opponents. It is believed that he was influenced accordingly by his brother, the Wroclaw Bishop Jost. After Johann recognized the lack of insight and willingness to compromise on the part of the Catholic Alliance towards the king, he rejoined the royalists in 1466.

In May 1466 he was asked by his brother Jost to rejoin the Catholic alliance, otherwise he was forced to assert his claims to the family property. Hilerius von Leitmeritz, the administrator of the Prague Archdiocese , asked him to return . Zdeněk von Sternberg and Heinrich IV. Von Neuhaus, who had declared war on the king in the spring of 1467, asked Johann in May 1467 to take their side. He refused and in the same year represented the king as envoy to the emperor Friedrich .

After Johann besieged Neuhaus in July 1467 and received no support from the king, his property was further devastated. Therefore, in mid-September 1467, he agreed to negotiations on a peace treaty with the Catholic Alliance and also asked the Pope to lift the ban on church. At the beginning of October there was a temporary peace between Johann and his toughest rivals Zdeněk von Sternberg and Heinrich von Neuhaus.

With a letter dated April 13, 1468, Johann attacked the Emperor Friedrich and threatened to continue to defend his possessions against the Austrian attacks. The ongoing attacks by the Catholic Alliance against the Rosenbergs were also supported by the Emperor and the Pope. After Johann's army was weakened and his finances were running low, he agreed to peace negotiations with the alliance in the summer of 1468. On August 31, 1468 he finally undertook to adhere to the conditions negotiated in Olomouc on August 22, 1468 in the presence of the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus and to renounce King George.

Already in September and October 1468 the royal armies of George von Podiebrad devastated numerous possessions of Johann. But other nobles also saw the opportunity to enrich themselves here and raided Johann's lands. By 1470 Johann lost extensive possessions, others he had to pledge in order to finance his wars of defense with the proceeds. His archenemy Zdeněk von Sternberg also moved against him and captured the Choustník and Sobieslau castles . There he settled Polish mercenaries who made robbery expeditions into the area from there. The Rosenberg Castle, pledged by Johann 1464 to the King Johann Popel von Lobkowitz , was conquered by Zdeněk von Sternberg in 1469. Johann Popel von Lobkowitz and his son Děpolt were arrested and imprisoned at Krumau Castle.

On May 3, 1469 Matthias Corvinus declared himself King of Bohemia. In the same month he appointed Johann II von Rosenberg to be his highest chamberlain . After the death of George of Podebrady in 1471, Johann received the dominions of Bechin , Moldau region and Kouřim from Matthias Corvinus in 1472 .

As early as 1457 Johann wrote a first will, which was followed by a new version in 1467. He wrote the third will on the day of his death on November 8, 1472 in Ortenberg, Bavaria . In it he appointed Reinprecht von Walsee and Bernhard von Schaunberg as guardians of his underage children. In Ortenberg he most likely visited the Counts of Ortenburg . Johann's son and successor Wok II von Rosenberg married Margarete, daughter of the Supreme Chamberlain of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Burian II von Guttenstein ( Burian II z Gutnštejna ) and the Sidonie von Ortenburg ten years after John's death .

Johann's body was buried in the family crypt in the Hohenfurth monastery church .

family

Johann was with Anna von Glogau ( Anna Hlovoská ; † December 17, 1483), a daughter of Duke Heinrich IX. married by Glogau . The marriage had four sons and six daughters:

  • Heinrich V von Rosenberg († 1489)
  • Katharina / Kateřina († 1521), married to Peter Holicky von Sternberg ( Petr Holický ze Šternberka )
  • Wok II von Rosenberg († 1505)
  • Peter IV of Rosenberg († 1523)
  • Barbara (born June 8, 1460), married to Johann von Biberstein ( Jan z Bibršteina )
  • Margarete / Markéta (born June 8, 1460), abbess in Krumau
  • Hedwig / Hedvika († 1520), married first to Wolf von Grafeneck ( Volf z Grafeneku ), second marriage to Tobias von Boskowitz and Černahora and third marriage to Gregor von Starhemberg ( Řehoř ze Štaremberka )
  • Elisabeth / Alžběta (born February 14, 1466), married to Heinrich Prüschenk von Stettenberg, Count of Hardegg ( Jindřich Prüschenk z Stettenberka az Hardeka )
  • Johanna / Johanka († 1482)
  • Ulrich III. von Rosenberg († 1513)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ludwig Petry , Josef Joachim Menzel, Winfried Irgang (ed.): History of Silesia. Volume 1: From prehistoric times to 1526. 5th, revised edition. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1988, ISBN 3-7995-6341-5 , p. 211.
  2. ↑ Blažena Rynešová, Josef Pelican (ed.): Listar a listinář Oldřicha z Rožmberka. 1418-1462. 4 volumes. Nákladem Ministerstvo Školství a Národní Osvěty, Prague 1929–1954.
  3. ↑ Matthäus Klimesch (Ed.): Norbert Heermann 's Rosenberg'sche Chronik. Publishing house of the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences, Prague 1897.
personal data
SURNAME Johann II of Rosenberg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jan II of Rožmberka
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Bohemian nobleman, governor of Silesia
DATE OF BIRTH 1434
DATE OF DEATH November 8, 1472
Place of death Ortenburg