Paul II
Paul II (born February 23, 1417 in Venice , † July 26, 1471 in Rome ), originally Pietro Barbo , was Pope of the Catholic Church from August 30, 1464 until his death .
Life
Pietro Barbo was the son of a wealthy Venetian merchant , his mother Polixena Condulmer was a sister of Pope Eugene IV. Pietro Barbo benefited from his uncle's pontificate early on , who sent him good private tutors.
In 1440 Pope Eugene IV appointed his nephew Pietro Barbo Cardinal of Santa Maria Nuova in Rome. He was also Apostolic Protonotary , Archdeacon of Bologna , from 1440 Bishop of Cervia , from 1451 Bishop of Vicenza and from 1459 Bishop of Padua . Pietro Barbo had the Roman Palazzo Venezia built from his numerous benefices .
On August 30, 1464, the conclave elected him as the new Pope after a three-day election in the Vatican . Pietro Barbo actually wanted to call himself Pope Formosus II , but the cardinals persuaded him not to use this name. His second choice fell on the name of Pope Marcus II , but the name of the evangelist also did not seem appropriate to the cardinals because, like the names of the apostles, they are generally uncommon as papal names (with Pope Marcus I it was the civil name). They convinced Pietro Barbo to take on the name of Pope Paul II , who appeared to be acceptable as the name of the apostle of the peoples who did not belong to the circle of the twelve or to the evangelists. (The Pope's name John refers to John the Baptist .)
As was customary at the time, the cardinals demanded an election surrender , but Pope Paul II immediately revoked his election surrender, which obliged him to call a general council and to wage war with the Turks , immediately after his coronation . In his coronation speech he professed his belief in astrology . Pope Paul II openly opposed the Roman Academy and eventually also overturned the College of Abbreviators .
From today's point of view, Pope Paul II is described as an opponent of the Renaissance : He was neither able to speak Latin nor a friend of education. He introduced the cardinals' biretta and in 1470 set the jubilee year to be every 25 years.
He died on July 26, 1471 and was buried in the Vatican Grottoes .
literature
- Anna Modigliani: Paolo II. In: Massimo Bray (Ed.): Enciclopedia dei Papi. Volume 2: Niccolò I, santo, Sisto IV. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2000, pp. 685–701 ( treccani.it ).
- Lothar Kolmer: Paul II. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 7, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-048-4 , Sp. 14-15.
- Entry in the Catholic Encyclopedia , Robert Appleton Company, New York 1913.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolfgang Huebner : Natural Sciences V: Astrology . In: Der Neue Pauly , vol. 15/1, JB Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2000, col. 840.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Pius ii |
Pope 1464–1471 |
Sixtus IV. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Paul II |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Barbo, Pietro |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Pope (1464–1471) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 23, 1417 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Venice |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 26, 1471 |
| Place of death | Rome |