Bechyně
| Bechyně | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Jihočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Tábor | ||||
| Area : | 2120 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 18 ' N , 14 ° 28' E | ||||
| Height: | 406 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 5,097 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 391 65 | ||||
| License plate : | C. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Tábor – Bechyně | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 3 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Jaroslav Matějka (as of 2007) | ||||
| Address: | nám. TG Masaryka 2 391 65 Bechyně |
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| Municipality number: | 552054 | ||||
| Website : | www.mestobechyne.cz | ||||
Bechyně (German Bechin , also Beching ; Bechingen ) is a city in the Czech Republic . It lies at the confluence of the Smutná and Lainsitz rivers in Jihočeský kraj .
history
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On the basis of archaeological excavations it has been proven that a presumably fortified Slavic fortification already existed on the area of the later castle in the 9th century, which later became the property of the diocese of Prague . Bechyně is documented for the beginning of the 12th century and functioned as the center of the "Districtus Bechinensis" in the following centuries. The existence of an archdeaconate in Bechyně is documented for the second half of the 12th century .
Around 1268 Bechyně fell to King Přemysl Ottokar II , who built a castle here, which was first mentioned in 1283. In the outer bailey a convent of the Franciscan order founded in 1210 (also called Minorites or Friars Minor ) was founded around 1284 . Around 1340 the Lords of Sternberg bought the castle and town of Bechyně. At the beginning of the 15th century it was owned by the Margrave Jobst of Moravia , from whom it passed after a short time to the chief clerk Boček II of Podebrady († 1417). In 1414 he exchanged Bechyně with the royal chamberlain and governor of Wroclaw Heinrich von Lazan for the town and lordship of Nachod and the neighboring lordship of Hummel , which at that time belonged to Bohemia .
In 1422 and 1428 Bechyně was destroyed by the Taborites . After the Battle of Lipan , with which the Hussite Wars were ended, in 1434 the descendants of Heinrich von Lazan, who were now called Bechinie von Lazan , came back into the legal possession of the Bechyně rule. Johann Bechinie von Lazan gave the town of Bechyně back the town charter in 1444 and extended them with further privileges.
1477 came Bechyně again to the Lords of Sternberg. At the end of the 15th century they reappointed the Franciscans, who built a new monastery on the site of the monastery that had been destroyed in the Hussite Wars and rebuilt the monastery church of the Assumption . In 1530 the Lords of Schwanberg bought Bechyně, from whom it fell to Peter Wok von Rosenberg in 1569 . He resided at the castle, which he had the builder Baldassare Maggi convert into a Renaissance castle. During Peter Wok's reign, the town and rule of Bechyně experienced an economic boom. Presumably because he had to move his seat to the Krumlov Castle after the death of his brother Wilhelm von Rosenberg in 1592 , Peter Wok von Rosenberg sold Bechyně again to the Lords of Sternberg in 1596. On June 13, 1700, Johann Joseph von Sternberg, his wife Marie Violanta Teresia, née von Preysing, and their three-year-old daughter Marie Violanta drowned on their way home from a visit to the Altötting Holy Chapel near Passau in the flood-leading Inn . Marie Violanta Teresia von Sternberg was buried in the Bechiner Franciscan Church, the bodies of her husband and daughter were not found. One-year-old Marie Theresie Violanta von Sternberg, who married Count Leopold von Paar in 1715 , and whose descendants kept the castle until they were expropriated in 1948, became heir to the Bechin estate .
In addition to agriculture, the manufacture of ceramics and a brewery were of economic importance in the 19th century. The carbonated springs, which were administered as mud baths, also made Bechyně an important medicinal bath. The Tábor – Bechyně railway , built by František Křižík in 1903, was the first electrified railway line from Austria-Hungary .
Today, Bechyně is home to the oldest ceramic technical school in the Czech Republic.
Attractions
- Bechyně Castle
- Monastery church of the Assumption of Mary with a diamond vault; the crypt houses several tombs.
- The cemetery church of St. Michael was built in 1667–1670 by Jan Norbert von Sternberg according to plans by Antonio de Alfieri.
- Bechyn Rainbow , reinforced concrete bridge built in 1928 over the Lainsitz valley.
- Former synagogue and Jewish cemetery
Districts
- Bechyně ( Beching )
- Hvožďany ( Hwoschdian )
- Senožaty ( Senoschat )
Personalities
- Václav Dvořák (1921–2008), Episcopal Vicar
- Rudolph Kaplunger (1746–1795), sculptor
- Karel Postl (1769–1818), landscape painter, draftsman and graphic artist
- Carl Vogl (1866–1944), Protestant theologian
- Prince Karl Johann Paar, Baron von Hartberg and Kritzenstein (* 1834 in Bechin, died 1917 in Vienna), civil registrar
- Count Alois von Paar (* 1840 in Bechin, died 1909 in Vienna), Lieutenant Field Marshal
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 25 f.
- Hans-Ulrich Engel: Castles and palaces in Bohemia. Based on old templates (= castles, palaces, mansions. 17). 2nd Edition. Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1978, ISBN 3-8035-8013-7 , Bechin on p. 112 and 113, illustration of the castle on p. 233.
- Lillian Schacherl: Bohemia. Cultural image of a landscape. 4th edition. Prestel, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-7913-0240-X , text passage on Bechin pp. 200 and 201.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 0.8 MiB)
- ↑ Antonin Profous: Místní jména v Čechách: Vznik jejich, Původ, význam a změny. Vol. I.-IV .; Prague
- ↑ http://www.smirice.eu/usedlosti/majitel.htm