Jihočeský kraj
Jihočeský kraj South Bohemian region |
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coat of arms | flag |
map | |
Basic data | |
Historic country : | Bohemia |
Administrative headquarters : | České Budějovice |
Biggest town: | České Budějovice |
ISO 3166-2 : | CZ-31 |
Residents : | 642,133 (January 1, 2019) |
Population density : | 63 inhabitants / km² |
Vehicle registration number : | C. |
geography | |
Area : | 10,057 km² |
Expansion: | North South: ? km west-east:? km |
The highest point: | 1.378 m nm |
Deepest point: | 330 m nm |
Administrative division | |
Districts : | 7th |
Municipalities : | 624 |
The Jihočeský kraj region ( German South Bohemian Region ) is one of 14 regions in the Czech Republic . It is mainly located in the southern part of Bohemia , but also includes a small corner of the historical Moravia landscape . It borders in the south on the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria with a total length of 323 km, in the west on the Pilsen region , in the north on the Central Bohemian Region and in the east on the Vysočina region and the South Moravian region . County seat and largest city of the region is Budweis (České Budějovice).
landscape
The South Bohemian Basin forms the core of the region . The Bohemian Forest stretches to the southwest , the Gratzener Gebirge and the Hühnergebirge to the southeast . The Bohemian-Moravian Highlands and the Bohemian Granite Highlands rise to the east and north .
The area is 10,057 km², which corresponds to a share of 12.752% of the total area of the Czech Republic. Forests take up a third of the area, 4% are water bodies. On average, the region lies at an altitude of 400 - 600 m. This is associated with harsher climatic conditions. The highest point is the Plöckenstein (1378 m) in the Bohemian Forest, the lowest point is the water surface of the Orlík dam (330 m) in the Okres Písek .
The Vltava with its tributaries Otava , Lainsitz , Maltsch and other smaller rivers flow through the region. In the south, as part of the Vltava cascade, the Lipno reservoir , the largest dam in the Czech Republic, and the Orlík dam with its recreational areas in the north. The dam near Římov supplies most of the region with water. The Hněvkovice dam was created with the construction of the Temelín nuclear power plant .
The landscape is characterized by 7,000 ponds with an area of more than 30,000 hectares . The largest ponds are: Rožmberk (490 ha), Bezdrev (394 ha) and Horusický rybník (416 ha). They are also the largest ponds in the Czech Republic.
The natural treasures of the South Bohemian region are the large coniferous forests in the Bohemian Forest and in the Gratzener Mountains. There are also crushed stone and sand quarries, raw material deposits as well as peat , calcite, diatomite and graphite .
history
On May 1, 1939 by the Nazis by the Ostmark Act of 14 April 1939 on the territory of Upper Austria Reichsgau Oberdonau formed which also annexed the fall of 1938, German populated South Bohemian areas (districts Kaplitz and Cesky Krumlov ) included under the Munich agreement. This was reversed after the Second World War and the German-speaking population resident there since the Middle Ages was expelled ( expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia ). Until 2001, the Czechoslovak and later the Czech region of South Bohemia was called " Budějovický kraj" ( German " Budweis region " ).
Environment and nature protection
Most of the emissions are caused by agricultural and industrial companies, even if a decrease has been recorded compared to previous years. The district has the cleanest air in the republic and the rivers are also not polluted. The upper reaches of the Vltava and Blanice are particularly close to nature and clean .
This overall low level of environmental pollution also characterizes the recreational character of the district. This is reinforced by the Šumava Biosphere Reserve - National Park and Protected Landscape Area (1,676.88 km²), as well as the protected landscape areas ( Czech CHKO) Třeboňsko (700 km²) and CHKO Blanský les (212 km²). See also the list of nature reserves in the Czech Republic .
Cultural monuments
The historic city centers of
- České Budějovice ( Budweis)
- Český Krumlov ( Krumau , UNESCO World Heritage )
- Jindřichův Hradec ( Neuhaus )
- Třeboň ( Wittingau )
- Slavonice ( Zlabings )
- Prachatice
- Tábor
In addition, there are numerous other historic buildings like Castle Hluboka nad Vltavou , Český Krumlov , Castle Blatná , Červená Lhota and castles Zvíkov and Orlík . The village architecture, known as the “peasant baroque”, is also important. You can z. B. see in Holašovice . The village is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
Demographics
The South Bohemian Region is the least densely populated region in the Czech Republic. At the beginning of 2017, 638,782 residents lived in the district. In mid-2005 there was a population density of 62 inhabitants per square kilometer. Of the seven districts, Okres České Budějovice had the highest population density in 2005 with 110 residents per square kilometer. The county seat is also the largest city in the region. At the beginning of 2017, 93,470 inhabitants lived in it. Other large cities are Tábor (34,482 inhabitants), Písek (approx. 30,000 inhabitants), Strakonice (approx. 23,000 inhabitants) and Jindřichův Hradec (approx. 21,500 inhabitants). A third of the population lives in these cities, while around 4.3% live in villages with up to 200 inhabitants. There are a total of 624 municipalities in the region.
The average age of the population in 2017 was 42.3 years, older than the national average. Previously, the mortality rate was 10.4 deaths per 1000 inhabitants, below the Czech average. The birth rate was 9.2 births per 1000 inhabitants. There was a negative population balance in the Tábor and Písek districts, and a positive one in the České Budějovice and Český Krumlov districts .
7.8% of the population have a higher education, 28.4% have an intermediate education.
Statistical key figures
Statistical key figures as of December 31, 2007 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Okres | Area in km² |
Residents 1) | Average age 1) |
Communities |
České Budějovice | 1,625 | 191.945 | 41.7 | 109 |
Český Krumlov | 1,615 | 61,155 | 41.0 | 46 |
Jindřichův Hradec | 1,944 | 91.125 | 42.8 | 106 |
Písek | 1,138 | 70,870 | 43.2 | 75 |
Prachatice | 1,375 | 50,695 | 41.9 | 65 |
Strakonice | 1,032 | 70,697 | 42.6 | 112 |
Tábor | 1,327 | 102.295 | 43.0 | 110 |
1) on January 1, 2017
- Share of gross domestic product (2001): 5.4%
- Unemployment rate (I / 2017): 3.86%
politics
The district assembly of the Kraj consists of 55 members. It is re-elected every four years. The last election was in 2016:
year | ČSSD | ODS | KSČM | KDU-ČSL | SNK | 4KOALICE | TOP09 a SJK | JIHOČEŠI 2012 | ANO | STAN + HOPB | Total seats | Voter turnout in% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 8th | 16 | 12 | - | 6th | 13 | - | - | - | - | 55 | 34.13 |
2004 | 7th | 27 | 12 | 6th | 3 | - | - | - | - | - | 55 | 30.45 |
2008 | 22nd | 19th | 10 | 4th | - | - | - | - | - | - | 55 | 40.78 |
2012 | 18th | 8th | 13 | 4th | - | - | 3 | 9 | - | - | 55 | 38.59 |
2016 | 15th | 8th | 7th | 4th | - | - | - | 4th | 12 | 5 | 55 | 36.31 |
District Chief:
- Jan Zahradník ( ODS ), 2000–2008
- Jiří Zimola (ČSSD), 2008-2017
- Ivana Stráská (ČSSD), since 2017
economy
The region is dominated by agriculture with pond and forestry. Industrialization did not begin until the last century.
In agriculture, the cultivation of grain, oil and fodder crops as well as potatoes predominates. In animal husbandry, it is the keeping of cattle and pigs. The district's share of agricultural holdings in the state is 11%. Fish farming has a long tradition. Half of all fish in the Czech Republic are bred in the district, plus water fowl.
Most of the industrial plants are located around Ceske Budejovice and in the Tábor and Strakonice districts . The share of industrial production in the Czech Republic is 5%. The most important industries are the food industry, transport industry, mechanical engineering, clothing industry and construction industry.
The Temelín nuclear power plant is located southwest of Týn nad Vltavou .
Around 300,000 people are employed in companies, one third in industry, 16% in trade and 11% in construction. The average monthly salary is CZK 14,881 (around EUR 470), which is CZK 2,039 below the average in the Czech Republic. In 2003, 141,000 companies were registered, of which 101,000 are so-called small businesses and 8,600 are agricultural businesses.
There are 148,000 residential buildings in the district, of which around 111,000 are permanently inhabited. 231,300 of the 280,000 apartments are inhabited. 40% of the apartments are home-owned, 25.3% are rented, 14.9% are owned by cooperatives and 8.6% are condominiums.
Around six thousand cultural institutions ensure lively tourism. Companies in the region offer 64,000 beds for overnight stays and 20,000 campsites. In 2003, 937,000 visitors stayed overnight, including 246,000 from abroad. The average length of stay was 4 days. Day tourists, primarily from Germany and Austria, make up a large proportion of tourism.
Infrastructure
Traffic is increasing in intensity, with no highways or major railway lines in the region; however, expansion is planned.
The D 3 motorway is to be led from Prague via Budweis to the Austrian border, the R 4 expressway is to be led from Prague via Pisek. It is currently under discussion whether this should be built further to the German border or to Budweis.
The two most important railway lines in the district are the Prague – Budweis – Linz line and the Budweis – Pilsen line .
The remains of the horse-drawn railway from Budweis to Linz - the first public railway line on the European mainland - are significant in terms of transport history. In addition, the highest-lying rail network is located here at Kubova Huť and the narrow-gauge railway from Jindřichův Hradec via Obrataň to Nová Bystřice .
Development shows the international cooperation in the Euroregion Šumava / Bohemian Forest / Bavarian Forest , an area of 16,345 km² with more than 1.3 million inhabitants. It unites 109 Austrian, 83 Bavarian and 91 Bohemian municipalities. In May 2002 the contract for the new Euroregion Silva Nortica was signed, which unites the areas of Jindřichův Hradec, České Budějovice, Písek and Tábor. In addition, there are the Austrian districts of Zwettl, Krems, Gmünd, Waidhofen an der Thaya and Horn. This Euroregion has a size of 10,639 km²; about 700,000 people live in it.
Social facilities
Education is guaranteed by 291 kindergartens, 231 elementary schools, 24 high schools, 59 technical high schools, 40 vocational schools, 15 post-secondary technical schools and 3 universities. Around 11,000 students are enrolled at the South Bohemian University in České Budějovice .
In addition to 10 hospitals with 3,829 beds, 400 general practitioners, 270 paediatricians and 390 stomatologists take care of the health of the population. Social care offers 4,216 childcare places.
The cultural institutions are mostly located in the cities. The most famous facilities include the Jihočeské divadlo České Budějovice (South Bohemian Theater) with a natural revolving stage in Český Krumlov, Alšova Jihočeská gallery (Aleš's South Bohemian Gallery). There are also a further 14 theaters, 67 museums and monuments, 55 movie theaters, 117 galleries and exhibition rooms, and 646 libraries.
Sport can be practiced in 63 stadiums, 361 gyms and 870 sports fields. There are also 13 indoor swimming pools, 154 swimming pools, 17 ice rinks and 380 other sports facilities.
Biggest cities
city | Residents (January 1, 2017) |
---|---|
České Budějovice | 93,470 |
Tábor | 34,482 |
Písek | 29,966 |
Strakonice | 22,908 |
Jindřichův Hradec | 21,568 |
Český Krumlov | 13,141 |
Prachatice | 10,943 |
Milevsko | 8,474 |
Třeboň | 8,366 |
Týn nad Vltavou | 8.009 |
Vimperk | 7,448 |
Dačice | 7,395 |
Sezimovo Ústí | 7,251 |
Kaplice | 7.108 |
Sobeslav | 7.002 |
Vodňany | 6,880 |
Blatná | 6,648 |
Veselí nad Lužnicí | 6,498 |
Hluboká nad Vltavou | 5,253 |
Bechyně | 5,129 |
Trhové Sviny | 5,128 |
Web links
- Homepage of the region (cz / en / de / fr / nl / it / ru / sp)
- Tourist Information System of the South Bohemian Region (cz / en / de)
- Czech Statistical Office: statistical information on the region (cz / en)
Individual evidence
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Reichsgau Oberdonau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Rainer Rudolf: Studies on the early New High German written language in South Bohemia. Vienna 1973 (= Austrian Academy of Sciences: Studies on Austrian-Bavarian Dialect Studies , 8).
- ↑ See article on Jihočeský kraj in the Czech language Wikipedia
- ↑ POČET OBYVATEL V OBCÍCH. Retrieved September 24, 2017 (Czech).
- ↑ rozdělení křesel. Retrieved September 24, 2017 (Czech).
- ↑ Czech Statistical Office: Statistical information on education, culture, sport and health care in the region, 2005/2006
Coordinates: 49 ° 5 ' N , 14 ° 26' E