Ostmarkgesetz
With the law on the structure of the administration in the Ostmark (Ostmarkgesetz) of April 14, 1939, the administrative structure and division of the former state of Austria and the north-bordering areas of South Bohemia and South Moravia that fell to Germany on the basis of the Munich Agreement in 1938 were finally regulated.
Regulation 1939–1945
With the annexation of Austria in March 1938 (as well as the annexation of the Sudetenland in September 1938) it became necessary to integrate the country into the Reich and into the structures of the Nazi state . For this purpose, seven Reichsgaue were formed from the previous Austrian states and these areas and their administrative seats were determined
- Vienna (the city of Vienna expanded to Greater Vienna),
- Carinthia (including East Tyrol ) based in Klagenfurt ,
- Lower Danube from the former Lower Austria (without the votes of Greater Vienna area) and German-South Moravia , located in Krems ,
- Upper Danube from the former Upper Austria (with the Styrian Salzkammergut ) and German South Bohemia based in Linz ,
- Salzburg based in Salzburg ,
- Styria (excluding the Styrian Salzkammergut) based in Graz ,
- Tyrol-Vorarlberg (excluding East Tyrol) based in Innsbruck .
In the process, the Austrian state of Vorarlberg ... until further notice became a self-governing district under the Reichsgau Tirol.
The Burgenland had been divided already on 15 October 1938: The chartered towns Eisenstadt and Rust , and the districts of Eisenstadt, Mattersburg , Neusiedl am See and Oberpullendorf were the Reichsgau Niederdonau slammed the districts of Güssing , Jennersdorf and Oberwart the Reichsgau Styria.
At the head of the new Reichsgaue were Reich Governors , who were under the supervision of the Reich Minister of the Interior . Since they were usually also heads of the NSDAP in the area in question, they held the office of Gauleiter in personal union and were usually referred to with this party title, as was the case in literature. The tasks and powers of the former organs of the Austrian states were transferred to them. With the consent of the competent Reich Minister, they could legislate by ordinances and regulate their own affairs by statutes .
The law also regulated the administration of the rural and urban districts with the district administrator or mayor at the top. It came into force on May 1, 1939. The new Reichsgaue were to be established by September 30, 1939.
All of these new Reichsgaue were initially called "Ostmark", then from April 1940 "Reichsgaue der Ostmark" until the Reich Chancellery finally dictated the designation Alpine and Danube Reichsgaue in April 1942 .
Repeal of the Ostmark Act 1945
The Ostmark Act was repealed by the Republic of Austria, which was re-established with the declaration of independence of April 27, 1945, with the Constitutional Transition Act (V-ÜG) of May 1, 1945. The dissolution of Burgenland was reversed with the Burgenland Law, a federal constitutional law that came into force on October 1, 1945.
literature
- Gerhard Botz : The incorporation of Austria into the German Empire. Planning and implementation of the political-administrative connection (1938–1940) (= series of publications by the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for the History of the Labor Movement. Vol. 1). 2nd supplemented edition, Europaverlag, Vienna 1976, ISBN 3-203-50627-0 .
- Gerhard Botz: Vienna from the “Anschluss” to the war. National Socialist takeover and political-social transformation using the example of the City of Vienna in 1938/39. Jugend und Volk, Vienna / Munich 1978, ISBN 3-7141-6544-4 .
- Michael Wortmann: Baldur von Schirach . Hitler's youth leader. Böhlau, Cologne / Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-412-05580-8 (also: Cologne, Univ., Diss., 1980).
Web links
- Wording of the law ( Memento of August 21, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 88 kB)
- Law on the structure of the administration in the Ostmark (Ostmarkgesetz) on ns-quellen.at. Materials on National Socialism
- Legal text at www.verfassungen.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ RGBl. I 1939, p. 777
- ^ Law on territorial changes in Austria, GBlLÖ No. 443/1938
- ↑ StGBl. No. 5/1945
- ↑ See Andreas Zimmermann : State succession in international treaties. At the same time a contribution to the possibilities and limits of international law codification (= contributions to foreign public law and international law. Vol. 141). Springer, Berlin [a. a.] 2000, ISBN 3-540-66140-9 , pp. 47-49 .
- ^ Constitutional law of August 29, 1945 on the re-establishment of an independent state of Burgenland (Burgenland Act), StGBl. No. 143/1945