Oberwart
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Borough Oberwart
Felsőőr |
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| coat of arms | Austria map | |
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| Basic data | ||
| Country: | Austria | |
| State : | Burgenland | |
| Political District : | Oberwart | |
| License plate : | OW | |
| Surface: | 36.47 km² | |
| Coordinates : | 47 ° 17 ' N , 16 ° 12' E | |
| Height : | 315 m above sea level A. | |
| Residents : | 7,600 (January 1, 2020) | |
| Postal code : | 7400 | |
| Area code : | 03352 | |
| Community code : | 1 09 17 | |
| NUTS region | AT113 | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Hauptplatz 9 7400 Oberwart |
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| Website: | ||
| politics | ||
| Mayor : | Georg Rosner ( ÖVP ) | |
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Municipal Council : ( 2017 ) (25 members) |
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| Location of Oberwart Felsőőr in the Oberwart district |
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 Town center with the town hall in the foreground |
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| Source: Municipal data from Statistics Austria | ||
Oberwart ( Hungarian : Felsőőr , Croatian : Borta , romani : Erba ) is a city in Burgenland in Austria . It is the district suburb (Burgenland name for district capital) of the Oberwart district . The city is mainly known as a market and school town.
geography
The city is located in southern Burgenland on the Pinka .
Community structure
The municipality includes the following two localities (population in brackets as of January 1, 2020):
- Oberwart (7305)
- Sankt Martin in der Wart (295)
The community consists of the cadastral communities Oberwart and St. Martin in der Wart.
| German place name | Hungarian place name | Croatian place name | Place name in Romani |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oberwart | Felsőőr | Borta / Jerba | Erba |
| Sankt Martin in der Wart | Őriszentmárton | Sveti Martin | - |
history
- From the documentary mention to the founding of Burgenland
In 1327 Oberwart was first mentioned in a document as a border guard settlement of the Hungarian Gyepű system . During the Reformation almost the entire population became Protestant. The Reformed parish Oberwart was amended by Ödenburger parliament from 1681 to Artikulargemeinde explained, so that in Oberwart the only tolerated Protestant parish of today's Austria was.
Like all of Burgenland, the place belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary until 1920/21 . Since 1898, due to the standardization of geographical names, only the Hungarian place name Felsőőr could be used.
- Oberwart as a place of religious diversity
In many ways Oberwart was a specialty in southern Burgenland. While the other localities in the area were part of the Batthyány family's domain , free farmers lived in Oberwart. They were considered to be the descendants of the Hungarian border guards ("waiting") who gave the city and the region ("the waiting") their name. The settlement consisted of the "Obertrumm" (Hungarian Felszeg) and the "Untertrumm" (Alszeg); In the space in between, which today forms the city center, German-speaking traders, traders and officials built their houses or worked in the public buildings that were erected there.
Another special feature were the four denominations that emerged over time. In the Obertrum, the Reformed Parish of Oberwart was formed around 1600, the oldest Protestant parish in Austria. In the lower run, however, mostly Catholic farmers settled. In addition, there were members of the Evangelical Church AB , and after the settlement of the first Jews, an Israelite religious community emerged over time .
When the first Jews settled in Oberwart is not exactly verifiable. A Jewish resident was mentioned for the first time in 1822 in statistical records of the Jewish population, the "Conscriptiones Judaerum". These first Jews came from the Jewish community of Schlaining, who moved to Oberwart, a few kilometers away.
Around 1850 there were fourteen Jewish citizens living in Oberwart. Their number rose to 100 in the years up to 1900. An important reason for this was the elevation of Oberwart to the market in 1841 . While all other Jewish communities recorded a decrease in population from 1900 to 1934, the Jewish population of Oberwart continued to increase. The majority of these people came from the parent community of Schlaining, who moved to the up-and-coming Oberwart because of the cramped conditions there and the low income opportunities.
In 1927, the district administration issued a decision with which the previous branch community of Oberwart was converted into an independent religious community. In August 1929 the authorities dissolved the Schlaining community, while Oberwart was finally officially elevated to the status of the Israelite community of Oberwart / Felsőőr on May 23, 1930 by the district administration.
In contrast to many European cities and villages, there was no ghetto in Oberwart, but the Jewish residents lived scattered around the settlement, but mostly along the main street. One of the reasons for this may be that most Jews only came to Oberwart at a time when they were already legally equal to all other citizens. The fact that four denominations lived together peacefully also testified to a certain tolerance of the Oberwart towards fellow citizens with a different religion or language. This is how the Jewish children were taught in the Protestant school, and there were many points of contact between Jews and non-Jews in everyday life.
- Foundation of the Burgenland
After the end of the First World War , after tough negotiations, German-West Hungary was awarded to the Republic of Austria in the Treaties of St. Germain and Trianon in 1919.
The passage of Emperor Karl I through Oberwart on March 27, 1921, Easter Sunday , was a footnote of the land conquest of Burgenland . Karl I was incognito in the company of Rotenturm Count Erdődy on a horse-drawn cart borrowed from Pinkafelder Lehner for his first time Restoration attempt on the way to Hungary, but it failed. In his notes on this trip, the emperor wrote that his carriage had to stop in Oberwart because of the resurrection procession. The passengers disembarked and knelt in front of the procession before the journey continued.
To the transfer of the western Hungarian villages on Austria to prevent formed across the country Freischärlergruppen , but where that came from members of the affected areas themselves, rather present the exception. In Oberwart, the I. Freischerkorps had its headquarters under the command of First Lieutenant Arpad Taby. When the Austrian gendarmerie tried to occupy Burgenland with 11 columns on August 28, 1921, Column 7 in front of Pinkafeld, intended for Oberwart, was involved in a skirmish with militants in which there were injured on both sides and two dead on the Hungarian side. Column 8, which was coming from Hartberg and wanted to advance via Markt Allhau to Oberwart, was shot shortly after crossing the border and also had to turn back.
The next day the Hungarian forces had withdrawn to Oberwart, and so the two gendarmerie columns were able to renew their invasion. But at the entrance to Oberwart it was over again; because, according to newspaper reports, several hundred irregulars had gathered there under the command of Thomas Erdődy, the Rotenturm count who had accompanied Emperor Karl I a few weeks earlier. In the battle that was now developing, an Austrian gendarme was seriously wounded, whereupon the gendarmerie withdrew to Styria .
The irregulars then ruled the area again up to the Styrian border and, under their leader Pál Prónay , even proclaimed an operetta state called Lajtabánság / Leitha-Banat on October 4th in Oberwart . With the Venice Protocol , Hungary finally undertook to hand over Burgenland. So the armed forces could take over the land from November 25th to 30th without any problems. On November 26th of this conquest, units of the Austrian 4th Brigade of the Federal Army marched into Oberwart from Pinkafeld and Markt Allhau. From November 26th, Oberwart belonged to the new federal state of Burgenland .
- Period of National Socialism and World War II
The peaceful coexistence of the different denominations got the first cracks when a German-speaking administrative elite settled down after the occupation of Burgenland. This group of people, which years later formed the nucleus of the NSDAP in Oberwart, had a problem not only with the Jews, but above all with the Hungarian ethnic group. Since many Jewish residents of Oberwart felt obliged to Hungary, the local administrative officials often equated them with a Hungarian elite. The cracks first became noticeable in the club landscape of Oberwart, because language and religion were suddenly declared to be acceptance criteria and this resulted in divisions and new foundations of various clubs.
On February 1, 1936, the newspaper Burgenländisches Volksblatt reported that a group of people in Oberwart had tried to found a National Socialist underground cell. The men had been searched and found guilty of the crime of secret union .
The following years with their dreary economic situation in Austria led to a strengthening of the National Socialist movement. At a time when Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg was struggling for state independence ( Berchtesgaden Agreement ), a National Socialist rally with 8,000 participants took place in Oberwart on February 27, 1938. A second, even larger event on March 11th saw 14,000 participants from the town and the surrounding villages. On the night of March 12th and 13th, Austria was finally "annexed" to the German Empire . Burgenland was split up and Oberwart became part of Styria for the first time in its history . In 1939 Oberwart was raised to the status of a municipality.
At the end of March 1945, the first units of the Red Army reached the border at Rechnitz in the north-east corner of the Oberwart district. After a few days of fierce border fighting , the rifle divisions of the 26th Soviet Army took up the northern half of the district on April 5th. Since only the remnants of individual alarm units of the military district XVIII were on the German side , units of the XXX occupied on the evening of the same day. Rifle Corps without a fight Oberwart. As was usual for this phase of the war, the familiar side effects such as rape and looting occurred.
The attack of the 26th Army cut off the occupation of Rechnitz, the SS-Panzergrenadier-Ersatz- und Training-Bataillon 11, from the rest of the German troops. She therefore tried to reach the new German lines on the Styrian border. To do this, the battalion had to cross the Pinkatal, 2 kilometers wide, north of Oberwart, heading west. Fired from three sides - including a flank attack from Oberwart had to be repulsed - the battalion managed to reach the forest areas around Buchschachen and, on the morning of April 8, finally its own lines in the Lafnitz valley.
In the course of the next few weeks, the municipality became front-rear, while the fighting raged on in East Styria and on the Styrian-Burgenland border. About 400 soldiers of the Red Army who died in these battles were buried in Oberwart in the newly established Soviet military cemetery.
Oberwart owns the only surviving Jewish cemetery in Burgenland, the tombstones of which are not inscribed in Hebrew . The victim database of the documentation archive of the Austrian Resistance contains the names of 24 people of Jewish origin who either lived in Oberwart or were born there. They all fell victim to the Holocaust , most of them perished in the Auschwitz concentration camp , some in the Buchenwald , Treblinka and Theresienstadt concentration camps ; a 12-year-old boy was believed to have been shot in Maly Trostinec . The database also contains the names of 11 men who belonged to the Roma ethnic group and who perished in the Mauthausen and Dachau concentration camps between 1940 and 1942 . The names of 17 other members of the Roma ethnic group, including many women, who mainly lost their lives in 1943, can be found in the Auschwitz database of victims.
During the war, a resistance cell was formed in the district, which also included some Oberwarter. After this was betrayed, the judgment was carried out by a people's court in Graz . The two resistance fighters from Oberwart, Alexander Heigl and Joseph Seper, were sentenced to death and executed in Vienna in 1943 .
- 1995 The assassination attempt by Franz Fuchs
On the night of February 4 to 5, 1995, the four Roma Peter Sárközi, Josef Simon, Ervin and Karl Horvath were killed near Oberwart by a pipe bomb by the letter bomb bomber Franz Fuchs . They tried to remove a badge with racist abuse ("Roma back to India") attached to the bomb. The murders were processed literarily by Stefan Horvath and Elfriede Jelinek (in their play Stecken, Stab und Stangl ).
Religions
59% of the population are Catholics and 33% Protestants who - due to the Hungarian past of the city and the language situation that still exists today - predominantly belong to the Evangelical Church of the Helvetic Confession .
Population development
The population consists of 73% German-speaking Austrians . The share of Burgenland Hungarians is 17.5%. There are also 3.5% Burgenland Croats who name the place Borta , as well as some Burgenland Roma .
Culture and sights
- Catholic parish church Oberwart
- Catholic parish church St. Martin in the Wart
- Reformed parish church Oberwart
- Evangelical parish church Oberwart
- The former synagogue in Oberwart , which houses a music school, the former rabbinate house and the Israelite cemetery in Oberwart , which has largely been preserved in its original state, are reminiscent of the Jewish community . All three objects are under monument protection. With a memorial in the city park, Oberwart is commemorating the numerous victims that National Socialism claimed in the city.
- Dellacher House
- In the art and culture center Offenes Haus Oberwart (OHO), among other things, regular exhibitions of visual artists, music and theater events, readings and annual festivals such as the “Burgenland Dance Days” take place.
- Diesel cinema
Interior of the catholic church
Former rabbinate house
Former synagogue
Jewish Cemetery
Memorial for the victims of National Socialism
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
There is also a location for the Austrian Air Ambulance in Oberwart .
- train
For many years, Oberwart station was the terminus of the Pinkatalbahn , which originally ran to Szombathely (Stein am Anger) in Hungary . For a long time it was assumed that the ten kilometer long section to Großpetersdorf, which was discontinued in 1984 , would be reopened for passenger traffic in 2011 . The reopening of the remaining 30 km long route to Szombathely was also considered. Instead, on August 1, 2011, the Friedberg –Oberwart line was discontinued. Since then, Oberwart has been one of the five district capitals in Austria, along with Oberpullendorf, Güssing, Zwettl and Waidhofen an der Thaya, without any connection to public rail transport. Since the spring of 2005, an association has operated the Oberwart– Oberschützen route as a nostalgic train. The operation of this route section was stopped in 2014.
In order to maintain freight traffic, the state of Burgenland bought the line between Friedberg and Oberwart from ÖBB in 2017 . There are no plans to resume passenger traffic, but in the future it will also serve as a test track for self-driving trains.
Established businesses
politics
Municipal council
The council comprises a total of 25 seats due to the number of inhabitants.
| Political party | 2017 | 2012 | 2007 | 2002 | 1997 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sti. | % | M. | Sti. | % | M. | Sti. | % | M. | Sti. | % | M. | Sti. | % | M. | |
| ÖVP | 1932 | 48.94 | 13 | 1608 | 41.79 | 11 | 1555 | 40.41 | 10 | 1668 | 41.86 | 11 | 1727 | 50.66 | 13 |
| SPÖ | 1270 | 32.17 | 8th | 1527 | 39.68 | 10 | 1991 | 51.74 | 14th | 2027 | 50.87 | 13 | 1403 | 41.16 | 10 |
| FPÖ | 491 | 12.44 | 3 | 419 | 10.89 | 3 | 226 | 5.87 | 1 | 290 | 7.28 | 1 | 279 | 8.18 | 2 |
| Green | 205 | 5.19 | 1 | 235 | 6.11 | 1 | not running | not running | not running | ||||||
| List LIST | 50 | 1.27 | 0 | not running | not running | not running | not running | ||||||||
| List PERL | not running | 30th | 0.78 | 0 | not running | not running | not running | ||||||||
| PPÖ | not running | 29 | 0.75 | 0 | not running | not running | not running | ||||||||
| FBL | not running | not running | 58 | 1.51 | 0 | not running | not running | ||||||||
| DAP | not running | not running | 18th | 0.47 | 0 | not running | not running | ||||||||
| Eligible voters | 5766 | 5716 | 5557 | 5423 | 5297 | ||||||||||
| voter turnout | 75.18% | 75.09% | 75.40% | 80.40% | 76.67% | ||||||||||
City council
In addition to Mayor Georg Rosner (ÖVP) and Vice Mayor Ilse Frühwirth (ÖVP), the city council also includes Christian Benedek (FPÖ), Karl Heinz Gruber (SPÖ), Hans Peter Hadek (ÖVP), Ewald Hasler (SPÖ) and Mario Raba (ÖVP) on.
mayor
The mayor of Oberwart is Georg Rosner (ÖVP), who succeeded Gerhard Pongracz (SPÖ) in 2012 . In the direct mayor elections on October 1, 2017, 58.10% of the voters were elected against four competitors in the first ballot. The previous Vice Mayor Dietmar Misik (SPÖ) received 26.59%, Ilse Benkö (FPÖ) achieved 11.29%, Maria Racz (Greens) came up with 2.68% and Michael Neiser (citizens' list) 1.35%.
Deputy Mayor is Ilse Frühwirth (ÖVP).
Head of office is Roland Poiger.
- Chronicle of the mayor
| from | to | mayor | Political party |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1938 | 1945 | Ludwig Grudge | NSDAP |
| April 1945 | July 21, 1945 | Franz Asboth | SPÖ |
| July 21, 1945 | December 2, 1945 | Franz Michel | KPÖ |
| December 3, 1945 | December 15, 1945 | Josef Bertha | ÖVP |
| December 16, 1945 | June 1, 1947 | Franz Michel | KPÖ |
| June 2, 1947 | December 12, 1950 | Eugen Strauss | KPÖ |
| December 13, 1950 | May 31, 1954 | Josef Lemacher | SPÖ |
| June 1, 1954 | December 6, 1954 | Josef Böcskör | SPÖ |
| 7th December 1954 | December 29, 1961 | Gustav Brunner | ÖVP |
| December 30, 1961 | November 24, 1977 | Ferdinand Hatvagner | ÖVP |
| November 25, 1977 | May 12, 1980 | Ernst Schmaldienst | SPÖ |
| May 13, 1980 | May 12, 1982 | Ignaz Pieler | ÖVP |
| May 13, 1982 | December 31, 2001 | Michael Racz | ÖVP |
| January 1, 2002 | January 29, 2002 | Gerhard Pongracz | SPÖ |
| January 30, 2002 | October 20, 2002 | Karl Volcic | ÖVP |
| October 21, 2002 | November 13, 2012 | Gerhard Pongracz | SPÖ |
| since November 14, 2012 | Georg Rosner | ÖVP | |
coat of arms
The blazon (description of the coat of arms) reads:
In a silver shield a blue-clad warrior - border guard - with a black cap and boots, in his right hand a black battle ax, the left on the hip; Body skirt, trousers and hat with gold lacing, the latter also with a blue feather. The warrior is accompanied by two black rocks leaning against the sides, on which a black watchtower with two battlements and a pointed roof stands.
Town twinning
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Szombathely (Steinamanger) , Hungary
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the church
- Franz Asboth (1902–1967), politician and foreman
- Günter Benkö (* 1955), soccer referee
- Patrick Bürger (* 1987), soccer player
- Verena Eberhardt (* 1994), cyclist, born in Sankt Martin in der Wart
- Patrick Farkas (* 1992), football player
- Ewald Gossy (* 1959), politician
- Andrea Gottweis (* 1961), politician
- Marianne Hackl (* 1967), politician
- Nora Heschl (* 1987), actress
- Barbara Horvath (* 1973), actress
- Michael Horvath (* 1982), football player
- Stefan Horvath (* 1949), writer
- Michael Huber (* 1990), soccer player
- Samu Imre (1917–1990), linguist, pioneer of modern Hungarian linguistics
- David Jandl (* 1984), basketball player
- Susanna Koch (* 1987), soccer player
- Kurt Kuch (1972–2015), journalist and book author
- Andreas Leitner (* 1975), basketball player and official
- Norbert Leser (1933–2014), social philosopher
- Flip Philipp (* 1969), percussionist and composer
- Harald Pomper (* 1976), songwriter and cabaret artist
- Leo Radakovits (* 1959), politician
- Ella Zipser (1926–2012), politician
Others
For several years now, the city has been holding a supporting event under the name Eurowart , at which a different European country presents itself in individual events. So far Italy , France , the Netherlands and Ireland have been guests with cultural and gastronomic events.
In September 1984, Opus composed the No. 1 world hit “ Live Is Life ” as a kind of sing-along number for a concert in the Oberwart football stadium .
literature
- Helmut Samer: The Roma from Oberwart. On the history and current situation of the Roma in Oberwart. Edition Lex Liszt 12, Oberwart 2001, ISBN 3-901757-19-8 .
- Stefan Horvath: Atsinganos. The Oberwart Roma and their settlements. To the so-called Second Oberwart Roma settlement, especially in 1945 after the return of a few survivors from the extermination camps. Edition Lex Liszt 12, Oberwart 2013, ISBN 978-3-99016-004-6 .
Web links
- 10917 - Oberwart. Community data, Statistics Austria .
- Homepage of Oberwart
- Situation of the Roma in Burgenland, u. a. in Oberwart ( Memento from February 22, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- Archive recordings of the Oberwart assassination in the online archive of the Austrian Media Library (radio broadcasts)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Statistics Austria: Population on January 1st, 2020 by locality (area status on January 1st, 2020) , ( CSV )
- ↑ a b Ursula Mindler: The Jewish community of Oberwart / Felsőőr. edition lex liszt, Oberwart 2013, p. 22.
- ↑ Ursula Mindler: The Jewish community of Oberwart / Felsőőr. edition lex liszt, Oberwart 2013, p. 23.
- ↑ Ursula Mindler: The Jewish community of Oberwart / Felsőőr. edition lex liszt, Oberwart 2013, pp. 26, 27.
- ^ Hans H. Piff: From Pinkafö to Pinkafeld, a local historical walk. Pinkafeld project workshop 2013, ISBN 978-3-200-03374-0 , pp. 431–442.
- ↑ Gerald Schlag: Born out of rubble ..., Burgenland 1918–1921. In: Scientific work from Burgenland (WAB). Volume 106, ISBN 3-85405-144-1 , p. 424, PDF on ZOBODAT
- ↑ Gerald Schlag: Born out of rubble ..., Burgenland 1918–1921. In: Scientific works from Burgenland (WAB), Volume 106, ISBN 3-85405-144-1 , p. 406, PDF on ZOBODAT
- ^ Hans H. Piff: From Pinkafö to Pinkafeld, a local historical walk. Pinkafeld project workshop 2013, ISBN 978-3-200-03374-0 , p. 466.
- ↑ Gerald Schlag: Born out of rubble ..., Burgenland 1918–1921. In: Scientific works from Burgenland (WAB), Volume 106, ISBN 3-85405-144-1 , p. 465, PDF on ZOBODAT
- ↑ Ursula Mindler: The Jewish community of Oberwart / Felsőőr. edition lex liszt, Oberwart 2013, pp. 84ff.
- ^ History of the City of Oberwart , website www.oberwart.at, accessed on January 17, 2014.
- ↑ Friedrich Brettner : The last battles of World War II, Pinka-Lafnitz-Hochwechsel, 1743 m.
- ^ Documentation archive of the Austrian Resistance: People Search - Victim Database , website accessed on February 15, 2014.
- ^ Memorial and Museum Auschwitz - Birkenau: Auschwitz prisoners , website accessed on February 15, 2014.
- ↑ ORF of September 27, 2017: Oberwart-Friedberg: Self-propelled trains (accessed on November 24, 2017)
- ↑ a b Province of Burgenland: Oberwart 2017 election results (accessed on November 24, 2017)
- ↑ a b Province of Burgenland: Oberwart 2012 election results (accessed on November 24, 2017)
- ↑ Province of Burgenland: Oberwart 2007 election results (accessed on November 24, 2017)
- ↑ a b Province of Burgenland: Oberwart election results 2002 (accessed on November 24, 2017)
- ↑ City of Oberwart: City Council (accessed November 24, 2017)
- ↑ Stadtgemeinde Oberwart: Mayor (accessed on November 24, 2017)
- ↑ City of Oberwart: Head of Office (accessed November 24, 2017)
- ↑ Stadtgemeinde Oberwart: History (accessed on November 24, 2017)
- ↑ http://www.umiz.at/isnyi/nevadonk_DE.html ( Memento from February 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Live Is Life from Opus page, accessed April 24, 2010
Bad Tatzmannsdorf | Badersdorf | Amber | German Schützen-Eisenberg | Grafenschachen | Großpetersdorf | Hannersdorf | Jabing | Kemeten | Kohfidic | Litzelsdorf | Loipersdorf-Kitzladen | Mariasdorf | Market Allhau | Neuhodis market | Mischendorf | Neustift an der Lafnitz | Oberdorf in Burgenland | Oberschützen | Oberwart | Pinkafeld | Rechnitz | Riedlingsdorf | Rotenturm on the Pinka | Chess Village | Schandorf | Stadtschlaining | Unterkohlstätten | Unterwart | Weiden near Rechnitz | Wiesfleck | Wolfau
Cadastral municipality: Oberwart | St. Martin in the Wart
Location: Oberwart | Sankt Martin in der Wart
City: Oberwart Village: Sankt Martin in der Wart
Counting district: Oberwart Center | Oberwart-North | Oberwart Southeast | Oberwart-Inner-West | St Martin in the waiting | Oberwart outer west