Air ambulance in Austria

Austrian rescue helicopter

Landing of Christophorus 9 in Vienna

Christophorus during a dew removal

Christophorus 8 in action

Rescue helicopter from the private provider SHS

Emergency helicopter Martin 6

The Martin 5, in use since April 27, 2020

The air ambulance or air ambulance in Austria is largely from the ÖAMTC and the Christophorus flight rescue association , Martin Air Ambulance and the Red Cross operated. But other organizations and companies also take part in air rescue. In Vorarlberg, for example, the Vorarlberg Mountain Rescue Service is responsible for the organization and operation of the air rescue service. They are used in traffic accidents as well as acute illnesses and alpine accidents . They are alerted via the respective rescue control centers . There are also several private operators ofRescue helicopters . Some locations in ski areas are only occupied in winter due to the high number of operations. In Tyrol alone, with a population of 687,000, 13 rescue helicopters were stationed in winter 2005/2006. The ÖAMTC is reacting to this by setting up a number of winter locations in cooperation with private operators.

history

The first air rescue in what is now Austria was already carried out with a Fieseler Storch during the Second World War . Organized air rescue began with fixed-wing aircraft in 1954 by the Ministry of the Interior .

In 1982 it was legally decided to introduce a nationwide network in Austria.

On July 1, 1983, the ÖAMTC in cooperation with the Innsbruck University Hospital put Austria 's first rescue helicopter - Christophorus 1 - into operation. On October 11, 1983, Christophorus 1 brought the organ donor Albin Castelrotto to Innsbruck University Hospital, where his heart was used for patient Josef Wimmer . It was the first heart transplant in Austria. Christophorus 1 was also mentioned frequently in reports in the Austrian mass media .

The second Austrian rescue helicopter - Martin 1 - was put into service by the AUVA (General Accident Insurance Company) together with the Ministry of the Interior in September 1983.

This was followed by other helicopter locations at short intervals, and the armed forces maintained a base in Aigen in the Ennstal .

In 2001 the Ministry of the Interior (BMI) and the armed forces withdrew from air rescue, and the bases were taken over by the ÖAMTC. In Vorarlberg, the ÖAMTC only took over the tasks of the BMI (provision of the aircraft and the pilots).

Since then, the ÖAMTC has set up three more helicopter locations with Suben in Upper Austria, Ybbsitz / Ötscherland in Lower Austria and Oberwart in Burgenland. " Christophorus Europa 3 " is stationed at the Schärding-Suben airfield , directly on the German border, and covers a supply gap in Lower Bavaria (Passau area). The station is occupied alternately for six months by the ÖAMTC and the German partner organization ADAC . The rescue team consists of Bavarians and Austrians in equal parts, although the duty roster is not adapted to the seasonal change in aircraft.

Safety standards since 2010

With the Air Transport Operator Certificate Ordinance (AOCV 2008), which was issued on July 15, 2008 by the Austrian Transport Minister Doris Bures , new safety standards for helicopters in ambulance and rescue operations came into force on January 1, 2010.

The standardization of the safety standards for all rescue helicopter missions is intended to ensure the greatest possible safety for flight rescuers and passengers, especially taking into account the difficult topographical conditions in Austria.

According to Section 3 (2) AOCV 2008, rescue helicopters in Austria must be certified as Category A according to the building regulations (Certification Specifications) CS-27 (or JAR 27) or CS-29 (or FAR 29) from January 1, 2010 . Among other things, only two-engine machines are permitted for rescue operations; the cockpit must be manned by two people.

The operational reliability note BTH A-001 from Austro Control states that the following helicopter models currently used in Austria meet the requirements of Section 3 (2) AOCV 2008:

• MD 900 (902 Configuration)
• Eurocopter EC 135 (P1, T1, T2, T2 +, T3)
• MBB / Kawasaki BK 117 B-2

Although the innovations had already been known since 2008, the helicopters of the Heli Austria (Knaus Helicopter) airline only partially met the new legal requirements. The company thus lost the operating license for rescue operations on the machines concerned. From September 2010, Heli Austria resumed flight operations with machines that comply with the regulations.

All other aviation companies active in rescue operations either already met the legal requirements or retrofitted accordingly.

Both Knaus, who was already allowed to fly again due to his type change, and Schenk-Air filed a complaint about the illegality of the regulation and were granted law by the Constitutional Court in October 2011 because the notification procedure prescribed by European law was not complied with when the regulation was issued. The repeal of section 3 (2) sentence 2 AOCV 2008 came into force on March 31, 2012.

In 2012, the first Christophorus 11 in Klagenfurt was retrofitted for instrument flight so that it can fly using the so-called cloud penetration method even in poor visibility .

In 2017, after upgrading Christophorus 2, the Gneixendorf base was the first in Austria to carry out night operations.

financing

When air ambulance was privatized in 2001, financing was agreed by the republic, the federal states and the social security funds . Due to increasing bottlenecks in financing, the ÖAMTC terminated the contract with the Republic at the end of 2010 in 2008, as the ÖAMTC had already recorded a deficit of 4.5 million euros in 2008 and was not in a position to take over this in the future. The reason for this was up to a third of unpaid flights. Subsequent direct contracts were only concluded with the federal states of Upper Austria , Lower Austria and Burgenland , so that operations could continue without interruption.

Independently of this, in 2010 the republic re-advertised air rescue. Due to differences in the interpretation of the tender, the ÖAMTC appealed against the tender in August. Airmed-2 from Flymed also ceased operations in Upper Austria in October for financial reasons. At the end of October, a new tender by the federal government failed. The funding went from the federal government to the federal states, which are also responsible for the ground-based rescue service. Social insurances and patrons form the backbone of funding. The federal states and municipalities cover the deficits of the operators.

Air ambulance locations in Austria

Location	state	Paging name	operator	ICAO code	location	comment
Bad Vöslau	Lower Austria	Martin 5	Heli Austria	LOAV		since April 27, 2020 daily from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.
Fresach	Carinthia	RK 1	ARA ( DRF )	LOMR		all year round
Feldkirchen near Graz	Styria	Christophorus 12	ÖAMTC	LOWG		since July 1, 2001; previously March 1986 - end of June 2001: Martin 4 of the BMI
Hochgurgl ( Solden )	Tyrol	Martin 8	Heli Tirol	LOJH		5
innsbruck	Tyrol	Christophorus 1	ÖAMTC	LOJO
Ischgl- Idalpe	Tyrol	Robin 3	Schenk-Air	LOIP		only winter
Kaltenbach	Tyrol	Helicopter 4	SHS	LOJK		all year round
Karres (near Imst )	Tyrol	Martin 2	Heli Tirol	LOJP		all year round 5
Reith near Kitzbühel	Tyrol	Christophorus 4	ÖAMTC	LOJC		earlier in the season between Kitzbühel and St. Johann
Klagenfurt	Carinthia	Christophorus 11	ÖAMTC	LOWK
Gneixendorf (near Krems )	Lower Austria	Christophorus 2	ÖAMTC	LOAG		First emergency helicopter (NAH) in Austria with night standby since the beginning of 2017
Langkampfen (near Kufstein )	Tyrol	Helicopter 3	SHS	LOIK		all year round
Nikolsdorf (near Lienz )	Tyrol	Christophorus 7	ÖAMTC	LOKL
Linz - Hörsching	Upper Austria	Christophorus 10	ÖAMTC	LOWL
Matrei in East Tyrol	Tyrol	Martin 4	Heli Tirol	LOMM		Season 5
Mayrhofen	Tyrol	Martin 7	Heli Tirol	LOJM		6th
Nassfeld	Carinthia	Airmed-1	Flymed	LOMN		only winter
Nenzing	Vorarlberg	Christophorus 8	Mountain rescue Vorarlberg , partner ÖAMTC	LOJN		1
Niederöblarn	Styria	Christophorus 14	ÖAMTC	LOGC
Oberwart	Burgenland	Christophorus 16	ÖAMTC	LOGR
Patergassen	Carinthia	Alpine 1	HAS	LOMP		only winter 4
Flachau (near Radstadt )	Salzburg	Martin 10	Heli Austria			only winter, in cooperation with RK Salzburg
Ehenbichl (near Reutte )	Tyrol	RK 2	ARA (DRF)	LOIR		all year round
Saalbach	Salzburg	Martin 6	Wolf Helicopter / Heli Austria	LOSH		Season, in cooperation with RK Salzburg
St. Anton am Arlberg	Tyrol	Gallus 3	Wucher Helicopter GmbH	LOIC		only winter 4
St. Johann im Pongau	Salzburg	Martin 1	Heli Austria	LOSJ		all year round 5 , in cooperation with RK Salzburg
St. Michael in Upper Styria	Styria	Christopher 17	ÖAMTC	LODC		all year round, 24 hours
Salzburg	Salzburg	Christophorus 6	ÖAMTC	LOWS		in cooperation with RK Salzburg, at Salzburg Airport
Schruns	Vorarlberg	Robin 1	Schenk-Air	LOIY		only winter
Soelden	Tyrol	Alpine 2	HAS	LOIO		only winter 4
Suben	Upper Austria	Christophorus Europa 3	ÖAMTC / ADAC	LOLS		3
Tux / Madseit-Au	Tyrol	Alpine 5	HAS	LOJT		only winter 4
Waidring	Tyrol	Helicopter 1	SHS	LOIW		only winter
Scharnstein	Upper Austria	Martin 3	Heli Austria	LOLC		Year-round operation. Stationed at Scharnstein airfield since October 21, 2017.
Vienna - Erdberg	Vienna	Christophorus 9	ÖAMTC	LOAJ		2 previously April 1, 2001 - April 5, 2017 (formerly)Airfield Aspern, even earlier Martin 3 (Air Police) Kaserne Wien-Meidling
Wiener Neustadt	Lower Austria	Christophorus 3	ÖAMTC	LOAN		also ITH
Ybbsitz	Lower Austria	Christophorus 15	ÖAMTC	LOLY
Zams (near Landeck )	Tyrol	Christophorus 5	ÖAMTC	LOIL
Zell am See	Salzburg	Alpine helicopter 6	HAT / SHS	LOWZ		all year round, HAT: Wucher Helicopter GmbH in cooperation with RK Salzburg. SHS: Schider-Helicopter-Service GmbH
Zürs	Vorarlberg	Gallus 1	Mountain rescue Vorarlberg / Wucher Helicopter GmbH	LOJW		only winter and July to September

¹Note for base Christophorus 8 in Nenzing: The Christophorus Air Rescue Association provides the aircraft and the pilots for this base. The Vorarlberg mountain rescue service was commissioned by the state of Vorarlberg to organize and operate the air ambulance.

²Note for base Christophorus 9 in Vienna: The Christophorus Air Rescue Association provides the aircraft and the pilots for this base. The Viennese professional rescue service MA70 was commissioned by the State of Vienna to organize and operate the air ambulance.

³Note for the base Christophorus Europa 3 in Suben: This base is operated jointly with ADAC Luftrettung gGmbH and is the first cross-border emergency helicopter project in Europe operated by two countries. The location is operated by ADAC in winter and by ÖAMTC in summer. The crews come from Bavaria (D) and Upper Austria (A) and also look after these two federal states. The ILS Passau and Ried im Innkreis are responsible for coordinating helicopter operations.

^4th "HAT" (Heli Ambulance Team GmbH, joint company ÖAMTC / Wucher Helicopter) operates 6 winter locations.

⁵Temporarily out of service at the beginning of 2010 because the helicopters in question did not comply with the new valid safety regulations and therefore could not have an operating license for rescue operations. From September 2010, Heli Austria resumed operations.

^6th Commenced operations on December 27, 2013, but this is being legally challenged by the other operators in Tyrol due to differences in tendering law

Map of air ambulance locations in Austria

Hospitals with landing pads

Prepared landing sites at the relevant hospitals are also required for a functioning air ambulance. These landing sites have an ICAO code , but are not connected to the AFTN of the Aeronautical Telecommunication Network .

 Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

hospital	Location	state	ICAO code	location	comment
Allentsteig Hospital	Allentsteig	Lower Austria	-
Althofen private clinic	Althofen	Carinthia	-
State Medical Center Mostviertel Amstetten	Amstetten	Lower Austria	LOAQ
Bad Aussee State Hospital	Bad Aussee	Styria	-
Bad Ischl Hospital	Bad Ischl	Upper Austria	-
Bad Radkersburg State Hospital	Bad Radkersburg	Styria	LOGA
Rehabilitation and spa center Bad Schallerbach	Bad Schallerbach	Upper Austria	-
Bad Tatzmannsdorf	Bad Tatzmannsdorf	Burgenland	-
Rehabilitation center Bad Tatzmannsdorf	Bad Tatzmannsdorf	Burgenland	-
State Clinic Thermenregion Baden	to bathe	Lower Austria	LOAF
Bludenz Regional Hospital	Bludenz	Vorarlberg	-
State Hospital St. Josef	Braunau	Upper Austria	-
Bregenz Regional Hospital	Bregenz	Vorarlberg	LOIX
State Hospital Bruck an der Mur	Bruck an der Mur	Styria	-	LOGB in place
Landeskrankenhaus Deutschlandsberg	Deutschlandsberg	Styria	LODB
Dornbirn Hospital	Dornbirn	Vorarlberg	-
Eggenburg Hospital	Eggenburg	Lower Austria	-
Eisenerz State Hospital	Iron ore	Styria	-
Hospital of Mercy Brothers Eisenstadt	Eisenstadt	Burgenland	LOAE
Enns Hospital	Enns	Upper Austria	-
Enzenbach Hospital	Enzenbach	Styria	-
Feldbach State Hospital	Feldbach	Styria	LODF
Feldkirch State Hospital	Feldkirch	Vorarlberg	LOIF
Feldkirchen-Waiern Hospital	Feldkirchen	Carinthia	LOKX
Freistadt Hospital	Free City	Upper Austria	-
German Order Hospital	Friesach	Carinthia	LOKP
Fürstenfeld State Hospital	Fürstenfeld	Styria	LOGS	LOGF = airfield
Gmünd Hospital	Gmuend	Lower Austria	-
Gmunden Hospital	Gmunden	Upper Austria	-
LKH University Hospital Graz	Graz	Styria	LOGH
Accident Hospital Graz	Graz	Styria	LOGU
Sigmund Freud Clinic (now part of the LKH University Clinic )	Graz	Styria	LODG
Grieskirchen Hospital	Grieskirchen	Upper Austria	-
Groß Gerungs rehabilitation center	Great Gerungs	Lower Austria	-
Güssing Hospital	Gussing	Burgenland	-
Hainburg Hospital	Hainburg	Lower Austria	-
Hospital Hall	Hall in Tirol	Tyrol	LOII
Hallein Hospital	Hallein	Salzburg	-
Hartberg State Hospital	Hartberg	Styria	LODH
State Hospital Hermagor	Hermagor-Pressegger See	Carinthia	LOKE
Care center on the Hirschenstein	Rechnitz	Burgenland	-
Hollabrunn Hospital	Hollabrunn	Lower Austria	-
Landeskrankenhaus Hörgas-Enzenbach	Hearing gas	Styria	-
Horn Hospital	horn	Lower Austria	LOAH
medalp Imst	Imst	Tyrol	LOJI
Innsbruck University Hospital	innsbruck	Tyrol	LOIU
Judenburg State Hospital	Judenburg	Styria	LOGJ
Kalwang Accident Hospital	Kalwang	Styria	-
Kirchdorf Hospital	Kirchdorf an der Krems	Upper Austria	-
Kittsee State Hospital	Kittsee	Burgenland	LOAC
Kitzbühel Hospital	Kitzbühel	Tyrol	LOIA
State Hospital Klagenfurt	Klagenfurt	Carinthia	LOKA	2 + 3 more in place
Accident Hospital Klagenfurt	Klagenfurt	Carinthia	LOKU
Klosterneuburg Hospital	Klosterneuburg	Lower Austria	-
Rehabilitation center Weisser Hof	Klosterneuburg	Lower Austria	-
State Hospital Knittelfeld	Knittelfeld	Styria	-	LODN in place
Korneurg Hospital	Korneuburg	Lower Austria	-
Regional Hospital Krems	Krems	Lower Austria	LOAK
Kufstein Hospital	Kufstein	Tyrol	LOID
Laas State Hospital	Kötschach-Mauthen	Carinthia	-
Leoben Hospital	Leoben	Styria	-	LODA in place
Lienz Hospital	Lienz	Tyrol	LOKJ
Lilienfeld Hospital	Lily field	Lower Austria	-
General Hospital of the City of Linz	Linz	Upper Austria	LOLA (not published in AIP)
Elisabethinen Hospital	Linz	Upper Austria	-
Barmherzige Brüder Hospital in Linz	Linz	Upper Austria	-
Sisters of Mercy Linz Hospital	Linz	Upper Austria	-
Children's and Women's Regional Clinic	Linz	Upper Austria	LOLA (not published in AIP)
Wagner-Jauregg Hospital	Linz	Upper Austria	LOLJ (not published in AIP)
Accident Hospital Linz	Linz	Upper Austria	LOLB (not published in AIP)
Mariazell Hospital	Mariazell	Styria	LOGM
State Hospital Melk	Melk	Lower Austria
Mistelbach State Hospital	Mistelbach	Lower Austria	LOBM
Landesklinikum Thermenregion Mödling	Mödling	Lower Austria	LOBI
Regional Hospital Mürzzuschlag	Mürzzuschlag	Styria	-
Landesklinikum Thermenregion Neunkirchen	Neunkirchen	Lower Austria	-
A.ö. Oberndorf Hospital	Oberndorf	Salzburg	-
Regional Hospital Oberpullendorf	Oberpullendorf	Burgenland	LOAO
Oberwart Hospital	Oberwart	Burgenland	LOGR	LODO is a little NW
Rankweil State Hospital	Rankweil	Vorarlberg	-
Hospital of the Sisters of Mercy in Ried	Ried im Innkreis	Upper Austria	-
Reutte Hospital	Reutte	Tyrol	LOIE
Rohrbach Regional Hospital	Rohrbach in Upper Austria	Upper Austria	-
Rottenmann Regional Hospital	Rottenmann	Styria	-
Salzburg State Hospital	Salzburg	Salzburg	LOSL
Accident Hospital Salzburg	Salzburg	Salzburg	-
Christian Doppler Clinic	Salzburg	Salzburg	-
Schärding State Hospital	Schärding	Upper Austria	-
Scheibbs Hospital	Scheibbs	Lower Austria	-
Deaconess Hospital Schladming	Schladming	Styria
Sanatorium Dr. Gift	Schruns	Vorarlberg	LOIY
Cardinal Schwarzenberg Clinic	Schwarzach im Pongau	Salzburg	LOESS
Schwaz Hospital	black	Tyrol	LOIZ
State Hospital Spittal an der Drau	Spittal an der Drau	Carinthia	-
Hospital of the Merciful Brothers St. Veit an der Glan	Sankt Veit an der Glan	Carinthia	-	LOKR in place
State Hospital Steyr	Steyr	Upper Austria	-
Stockerau Hospital	Stockerau	Lower Austria	-
Stolzalpe State Hospital	Pride alpe	Styria	-	LODS in Murau
St. Johann Hospital	St. Johann in Tirol	Tyrol	LOIT
St. Pölten Hospital	St. Polten	Lower Austria	LOAX
St. Radegund Private Clinic	St. Radegund	Styria	-
Tamsweg Hospital	Tamsweg	Salzburg	-
Rehabilitation clinic Tobelbad	Tobelbad	Styria	-
Tulln Hospital	Tulln	Lower Austria	-
Provincial Hospital Villach	Villach	Carinthia	LOC
State Hospital Voitsberg	Voitsberg	Styria	-
Marien Hospital Vorau	Advance	Styria	-	LOGV in place
Wagna State Hospital	Wagna	Styria	-
Weiz State Hospital	Wheat	Styria	-	LOGE in place
Waidhofen an der Thaya Hospital	Waidhofen an der Thaya	Lower Austria	-
Vöcklabruck regional hospital	Vöcklabruck	Upper Austria	-
Waidhofen an der Ybbs Hospital	Waidhofen an der Ybbs	Lower Austria	LOAP
AKH Wels	catfish	Upper Austria	-
AKH Vienna	Vienna	Vienna	LOBA		The much heavier Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk of the Federal Armed Forces can also land on the platform .
Hanusch Hospital	Vienna	Vienna	LOWH
Hietzing Hospital	Vienna	Vienna	-	1
Orthopedic Hospital Speising	Vienna	Vienna	-	2
Otto Wagner Hospital	Vienna	Vienna	-	3
Rudolf Foundation	Vienna	Vienna	-
Social Medical Center East - Donauspital	Vienna	Vienna	-
Social Medicine Center South - Kaiser-Franz-Josef-Spital	Vienna	Vienna	-	4th
Meidling Accident Hospital	Vienna	Vienna	LOAM
Accident Hospital Vienna Lorenz Böhler	Vienna	Vienna	-
Wilhelminenspital	Vienna	Vienna	-
State Hospital Wiener Neustadt	Wiener Neustadt	Lower Austria	LOAI
Wolfsberg State Hospital	Wolfsberg	Carinthia	LOMV
St. Vinzenz Zams Hospital	Zams	Tyrol	LOIV
Zell am See Hospital	Zell am See	Salzburg	-
Zwettl Hospital	Zwettl	Lower Austria	LOAZ

Source: Helipad.org

¹Comment on the Hietzing Hospital: The helicopter landing pad on the hospital grounds was closed because it no longer complied with the requirements of aviation law. The landing site at the nearby Rosenhügel Neurological Center is available as an alternative landing site; ground transport is handled by the regular rescue service.

²Note on Speising Hospital: The hospital does not have its own helicopter landing pad. The landing site at the nearby Rosenhügel Neurological Center is available as an alternative landing site; ground transport is handled by the regular rescue service.

³Comment on the Otto Wagner Hospital: There is no helicopter landing pad, but there is a soccer field on the premises. The landing site at the nearby Wilhelminenspital is available as an alternative landing site; ground transport is handled by the regular rescue service.

^4thComment on the Kaiser Franz Josef Hospital: There is no helicopter landing pad on the premises. The landing site at the nearby Meidling Accident Hospital is available as an alternative landing site; ground transport is handled by the regular rescue service.

Discussion about NAH locations

The noticeably high number of emergency doctor's helicopters (NAH), especially in the federal states of Salzburg and Tyrol, is increasingly criticized, and occasionally profiteering is accused. In areas with a high density of helicopters, NAH are now also used for minor injuries on the ski slopes. According to the Austrian Alpine Association , the patient is billed an average of 3,000 euros for a helicopter rescue (German health insurances do not or only partially cover the costs for rescue missions, patients sometimes have to pay the costs out of their own pocket). The Austrian Court of Auditors has also criticized the extremely high number of helicopter locations in Tyrol and Salzburg. Fundamental changes are not in sight.

Accidents

In addition to the ones listed in the article Christophorus Flugrettungsverein , the following accident happened:

• On October 14, 2002, during an alpine exercise in Ischgl , Tyrol, there was a problem with the drive on a Schenk Air helicopter . The power of the computer-controlled drive turbine could no longer be throttled. In order to give the flight rescuer hanging on the rope a chance of survival, the pilot flew to Lake Constance and disengaged the rope with the rescuer in full alpine equipment at a low height and near the bank over the water at full speed of around 150 km / h. Despite a quick search, the rescuer sank and was only found dead 10 days later with a broken neck. The defective helicopter then made an emergency landing at Hohenems Airfield .

Web links

Commons : Air ambulance in Austria  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Overview map emergency helicopter Austria
• Information portal about air ambulance in Austria
• Aviation manual Austria
• 144 Emergency Call Lower Austria locations for all of Austria and abroad
• About glacier landings and daring parachutists on the side of the Austrian mountain rescue service
• Air ambulance of the ÖAMTC
• Christophorus Air Rescue Association
• Heli Austria, Heli Tirol and Martin Air Rescue
• Heli Ambulance Team operator Alpin 1, Alpin 2, Alpin 5
• SHS - Helicopter Transporte GmbH (Schider) operator Heli 1, Heli 3, Heli 4
• ARA air rescue operator RK 1, RK 2
• Usury Helicopter operator Gallus 1, Gallus 3
• SchenkAir operator Robin 1, Robin 3
• Flymed operator Airmed-1

Individual evidence

1. ↑ front page Austria's first heart transplant was successful! , Kurier dated October 12, 1983, shown in: "Milestone in domestic medicine: Ernst Wolner on Austria's first successful heart transplant" ( online ), accessed on January 26, 2018
2. ↑ AOCV 2008
3. ↑ ^{a b} Press release-BMVIT
4. ↑ Operational note for HEMS flight operations
5. ^ Report in the Kronenzeitung from January 1, 2010
6. ↑ Osttirol-Online v. October 9, 2010
7. ↑ Acquisition of a new helicopter for rescue operations
8. ↑ Supreme judges end helicopter dispute: Austro Control in the wrong on ORF-Salzburg from October 27, 2011, accessed on October 28, 2011.
9. ↑ Schenk-Air gets the right from the highest court on ORF-Vorarlberg from October 27, 2011, accessed on October 28, 2011.
10. ↑ of the Constitutional Court of 27 September 2011 to V37 / 10 in the legal information system of the Federal
11. ↑ Federal Law Gazette II No. 363/2011
12. ↑ New heliport for Christophorus 11 on rth.info from November 5, 2012, accessed on December 25, 2012.
13. ↑ Rescue flights also possible in foggy conditions on ORF of December 24, 2012, accessed on December 25, 2012.
14. ↑ "Christophorus 2" will also be flying at night on ORF from December 6th, 2016, accessed on December 7th, 2016.
15. ↑ ÖAMTC: Exit from air ambulance by 2010 on Fireworld October 14, 2010, accessed on October 30, 2010.
16. ↑ Air ambulance: ÖAMTC objection to announcement in the press of August 17, 2008, accessed on October 30, 2010.
17. ↑ From the Airmed 2 - warning signal for the deficient air rescue system? ( Memento of the original from November 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on salzi.at from October 6, 2010, accessed on November 6, 2010.  
18. ↑ Upper Austria state correspondence media information September 29, 2012 New regulations for air ambulance in Upper Austria
19. ↑ Health: Air rescue system is more expensive in the press of October 24, 2010 accessed October 30, 2010
20. ^ Lower Austria, Burgenland, Vienna Air ambulance: Christophorus 9 operation secured
21. ↑ Air ambulance: start for new provider on ORF from April 27, 2020, accessed on April 27, 2020.
22. ↑ Christophorus location Christophorus 12 oeamtc.at, accessed June 3, 2017.
23. ↑ Emergency helicopter gets new name orf.at, December 19, 2016, accessed December 19, 2016.
24. ↑ Call name: "Christophorus 17" accessed on August 10, 2020
25. ^ End of an era: Christophorus 9 moves from the Aspern airfield to the new ÖAMTC headquarters austrianwings.info, April 5, 2017, accessed June 3, 2017.
26. ↑ Gallus 1: Vorarlberg Mountain Rescue , accessed on June 17, 2020.
27. ↑ Location identifiers in the Austrian Aviation Handbook  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved October 30, 2010  
28. ↑ Black Hawk landed on AKH on ORF on October 1, 2013, accessed on October 8, 2013.
29. ↑ Search . helipad.org. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved April 8, 2019.
30. ↑ Courier of June 19, 2009 page 17
31. ↑ Air ambulance with a focus on the states of Salzburg and Tyrol Court of Auditors report from 2/2012, accessed on March 12, 2017.
32. ^ RH criticism of air rescue: Too many helicopters in Tyrol , tt.com from March 7, 2012
33. ↑ Missing Tyrolean flight rescuer found dead in Lake Constance derstandard.at, October 24, 2002, accessed April 9, 2020.