Hietzing Clinic
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The hospital Hietzing (originally Emperor's Jubilee Hospital , then Lainz Hospital and Hietzing Hospital ) in the 13th Viennese district Hietzing is one of the largest hospitals in Vienna - performed it from the Vienna Hospital Association - and was in the years 1908 to 1913 under the Christian Social Mayor Karl Lueger built according to the plans of the architect Johann Nepomuk Scheiringer to take account of the population that has grown to 2 million in a few decades.
"Lainz" in the form of two institutions in the countryside
The Lainzer Hospital, or “Lainz” for short, as it is mostly called by the population, was built in accordance with the most modern health education at the time as a facility with around 10 pavilions divided according to specialty in a park area of around 10 hectares . The area is located in the south-west of Vienna and the 13th district ( Hietzing ) and is only about 1 km from the eastern slopes of the Vienna Woods , which guarantees good air quality.
The " Lainz Care Home " with two dozen pavilions for the care of a few thousand old people was built in 1902–1904 on an area twice as large, which adjoins in the northwest . Until it was closed in 2015, it was last called the “ Geriatric Center in the Vienna Woods ” and, like the hospital later, it was the result of the new Home Law , which gave everyone a right to poor or old age welfare after a ten-year stay in Vienna . The two major institutes together consolidated the worldwide reputation of the Viennese medical school , which was founded among others by van Swieten and Ignaz Semmelweis .
history
On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the reign of Emperor Franz Joseph , the City of Vienna decided in 1907 to build its first hospital "voluntarily and without recognizing any legal obligation ... with the intention of remedying the Vienna hospital emergency as extensively and as quickly as possible" . Until then, medical care was mostly on the shoulders of a few foundation and religious hospitals.
The new hospital should be equipped with "equipment that is state of the art in science and technology" and also serve to train doctors . Until 1918 it was called "Kaiser-Jubiläums-Spital". After that it was given the simpler name “Lainz Hospital”.
It was able to maintain and even expand its high medical standard even after the political collapse of 1918. Due to a nursing scandal in the neighboring geriatric center , it was renamed Hietzing Hospital (around 2000) , which the general public largely ignores.
Health policy situation 1907–1918
The decision of the Vienna City Council on July 14, 1907 to build a hospital with 1,000 beds and to manage it itself was a milestone in the medical care of the Viennese population. Until then, apart from the university clinics, practically only religious and private hospitals were available to the residents . The significance of this communal upheaval can only be assessed in retrospect, and it has also garnered much criticism. The (predominantly bourgeois) deputies disregarded all concerns and created an institution for the benefit of the sick, in which "science will celebrate its triumphs for the sake of mankind freely and independently of the pernicious clique" (Karl Lueger at the laying of the foundation stone in 1908). The decision was also partisan and socio-political in nature: in 1907 Austria introduced universal suffrage , which greatly increased the expectation of public aid for everyone. When the first patients were admitted in February 1913, this not only alleviated the shortage of beds, the number rose from 7,100 to 8,100 hospital beds, and new approaches to medical care were also possible.
When it opened, the hospital had eight departments: two medical, one surgical and one each for urology , skin and venereal diseases , gynecology and obstetrics, as well as for eye and ENT diseases. There was also an X-ray institute and one each for physical therapy , for pathology and for serodiagnostics . The newly appointed primary physicians were soon among the world's leading physicians.
The planning of the urology was far ahead. The Lainzer department was one of the few independent institutes of this type. Urinary tract surgery was only developed in Trieste in 1897 and the demand in Vienna was estimated at 100 beds. Almost all later primary urologists in Austria came from this department.
Further expansion after 1918
Although the monarchy collapsed in 1918 and the number of Vienna's population decreased, the Lainzer Spital was expanded further in the 1920s. According to the will of the now social democratic city government, it was supposed to become a kind of social " counter-university " and received elaborate treatment apparatus and additional hospital outpatient departments for emergencies.
It received the most important enlargement in 1930/31 under city councilor Julius Tandler , the great reformer of the Viennese health care system. Three new specialist departments ( metabolic diseases , tuberculosis and lung diseases ) and a department for radiation therapy greatly expanded the possibilities (see also Hilda Fonovits ). The metabolism department was the only one in Austria to deal with nutritional disorders and therapeutic methods in dietetics . The TBC and lung pavilions are exemplary to this day. It was decided in March 1929 that construction began on May 12th and opened with 320 beds on November 15th, 1930 - in the middle of the economic crisis . The tuberculosis pavilion, urgently needed at the time, later became the heart-lung center.
The special department for radiation therapy was created in 1931 on the model of the Radium Institute in Stockholm . Vienna was the third city in the world to buy radium for the irradiation of cancer patients - a sensation at the time. The cost of the first 5,000 milligrams of radium was high and the Viennese talk of the day. The tradition that began at that time continued in 1959 with the first so-called cobalt cannon (cobalt 60 irradiation) and the first betatron system.
On January 1, 2006, the Rosenhügel Neurological Center was merged with the Lainz Hospital.
Successes and problems
The technically and medically generous equipment resulted in the appointment of the best doctors - and so the Lainzer Hospital under Julius Tandler actually became a “second university ”. He also had the formerly private sanatorium for “mentally and nervously ill”, bought in 1913, attached to the Lainz care home as Pavilion XIX, where in 1924 the third nursing school of the city of Vienna was built.
The organizational amalgamation of hospital and “ care ” also had disadvantages. Some consignments and visitors found it difficult to find their way around the 1 km long area, and a care scandal in the 1990s (see Lainz Angel of Death ) gave the name “ Lainz ” a bad political and medical reputation.
Looking back and ahead
During the Second World War , 3 pavilions of the neighboring care home (today Geriatric Center Am Wienerwald ) were taken over by the Lainzer Hospital due to decreasing demand. New buildings were also added after 1945, all buildings were modernized and the former large hospital rooms were converted into small units of 1, 2 and 4 beds.
Like every hospital, “Lainz” also changed according to the needs of the patients and the city. It created its own dentistry , a center for vascular surgery , a blood bank and a department for neurology . To this day, people are proud of the geographical location of the hospital built in the pavilion system - away from the "noisy hustle and bustle of the big city" and close to the nature reserve of the Lainzer Tiergarten .
Of the approximately 215,000 square meters of the park, only a few percent have been built to date. Again and again there are plans to rededicate it for residential buildings and budget redevelopment, which the Hietzinger strongly reject. The "refreshing silence and calm" that was still praised in 1963 is no longer one hundred percent, which is due to the approximately five-fold increase in traffic on the surrounding streets since then. As the 90-year anniversary publication in 2003 writes, the health aids “Light, Air and Sun” are still effective for the well-being and healing of patients.
In contrast to its old structure from the beginning of the 20th century, the Lainz Hospital, which has been operating as the Hietzing Clinic since 2020 , continues to be "one of the most modern hospitals in Austria and, as the main hospital of the City of Vienna, fulfills a number of central tasks in the care of the Viennese population" . Statistically speaking, a patient here receives medical help every 2.4 minutes. The current number is around 435 doctors and 900 nurses who, in addition to regular day shift, also do several thousand hours of late and night shifts per day.
Trinity Chapel
The Holy Trinity Chapel is a Roman Catholic hospital chapel and is located on the mezzanine floor of Pavilion IV of the hospital, which was built according to the plans of the architect Johann Nepomuk Scheiringer. It was built as a rectangular hall with a barrel vault and polygonal choir and a clamped organ gallery. The hall is lit on both sides by three rectangular windows covered with round arches. The choir is separated by a bronze communion bench. Set up figures Herz Jesu by Florian Josephu-Drouot and Herz Mariae by Anton Endstorfer . The triptych Heilkunst from 1913 is by Hans Zatzka . Glazed reliefs of the cross by Heinrich Epler in the side walls are from 1896.
Roland fountain
The Roland fountain was set up in the course of the construction of the hospital in the center of the large garden courtyard or in the main axis of the hospital and was unveiled around 1913. A monumental Roland statue , which was created by the academic sculptor Josef Heu and allegedly has the features of the mayor of Vienna Karl Lueger , stands on a three-step pedestal, with two steps designed as a fountain basin .
literature
- DEHIO manual: The art monuments of Austria. Vienna X. to XIX. and XXI. to XXIII. District XIII. Monumental buildings. Lainzer Hospital. Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.), Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, Vienna 1996, ISBN 3-7031-0693-X , pp. 181-183.
- Commemorative book: Kaiser Jubilee Hospital of the Municipality of Vienna ; Gerlach & Wiedling book and art publisher, Vienna 1913.
Web links
- Vienna Hospital Association
- Building history of the hospital
- The oldest hospital in the city of Vienna at the Doctors Week
- Lainzer Hospital, TBC Pavilion. In: dasrotewien.at - Web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy. SPÖ Vienna (Ed.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ New names for hospitals: KH Nord from 2020 "Klinik Floridsdorf" . Retrieved April 6, 2019.
- ^ Az W Petra Schumann, Ursula Prokop: Johann Nepomuk Scheiringer in the architectural dictionary
Coordinates: 48 ° 10 ′ 9 ″ N , 16 ° 16 ′ 40 ″ E