Julius Tandler

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Memorial plaque for Julius Tandler at the Julius Tandler family center (Vienna-Alsergrund)

Julius Tandler (born February 16, 1869 in Iglau / Moravia , † August 25, 1936 in Moscow ) was an Austrian anatomist and sociopolitical physician.

His anatomical research gives him an important place in the history of this medical field. He founded the magazine for applied anatomy and constitution . It was of great importance for the history of the welfare system in Vienna with its "closed system of welfare".

Life

Julius Tandler was born in Iglau in what was then the Crown Land of Moravia, but attended the Wasagasse grammar school in Vienna- Alsergrund . Between 1889 and 1895 Tandler completed his medical studies in Vienna, which he completed with a doctorate. After completing his habilitation in 1899, he became the first anatomist chair at the University of Vienna in 1910 as the successor to his superior and teacher Emil Zuckerkandl and during the war years 1914 to 1917 he became the dean of the medical faculty. On May 9, 1919 he was appointed Undersecretary and Head of the Public Health Office. In 1920 he moved from the Public Health Office to the City of Vienna, where he worked as a city councilor for the welfare and health system of “Red Vienna” , primarily for an expansion of welfare. He was particularly committed to tuberculosis, known as the “Viennese disease” . In the early thirties, Tandler also worked in the hygiene section of the League of Nations , the forerunner organization of the United Nations , around 1933 as a medical advisor in China and the Soviet Union . In 1925 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

In the late 1920s, fraternities began to hinder Tandler with anti-Semitic agitation in his work as a researcher and scientist. In the course of the February events of 1934, Tandler was temporarily arrested and lost his professorship. He then decided to leave Austria and emigrated to the Soviet Union via China. There he died in Moscow in 1936.

Act

In his time, Tandler was one of the leading anatomists at the University of Vienna and mainly dealt with muscle tone and heart, prostate and ureteral anatomy. He also devoted himself, among other things, to a scientific study of Joseph Haydn's skull . In addition to his work as a doctor, his merit was an effort to switch from a social system based only on compassion to one based on the law of society. Tandler set up numerous social institutions in Vienna that still exist today, such as mother advice centers, baby linen packages or marriage advice centers and drinking advice centers. He also suggested the construction of a crematorium and the Vienna Prater Stadium.

Child transfer point of the City of Vienna; opened on June 18, 1925

In 1923 he initiated the creation of today's Julius Tandler Family Center as a child transfer point for the municipality of Vienna. Together with the surgeon Leopold Schönbauer , he set up the first cancer advice center in Vienna. Under him, the city of Vienna became the third city in the world to buy radium so that cancer patients could be irradiated in the Lainz hospital . Adapting and reforming nursing in relation to the new social projects and changed hospital structures were a constant concern of Tandler. His personal friend, the Vienna City Councilor Hugo Breitner , who jokingly referred to Tandler as his most dear friend , helped him finance these facilities .

Theses on "unworthy life"

Tandler advocated the demand for the destruction or sterilization of “unworthy life” several times in essays and lectures . Tandler's approaches in the area of ​​population policy are viewed critically today, as they identify him as a typical representative of early socialist eugenics .

In 1924 he wrote in an essay on marriage and population policy :

“The effort the states have to make for life that is completely unworthy of life can be seen, for example, from the fact that the 30,000 idiots in Germany cost this state two billion peace marks. With the knowledge of such numbers, the problem of the destruction of life unworthy of life becomes more topical and important. Certainly, there are ethical, humanitarian or falsely humanitarian reasons that speak against it, but finally the idea that one must sacrifice life unworthy of life in order to keep it worth living will penetrate more and more into the popular consciousness. "

Tandler wrote contradictingly in the same essay:

“There is life unworthy of living from the standpoint of the individual but also from the standpoint of population policy, and here too the individual and the general public often come into conflict. The appraisal of the value of one's own life is and remains a part of personal freedom; there is not only a right to life, but also a duty to live and the assessment between duty to remain and right to go is a matter for the individual. "

- Julius Tandler : Special print from the “Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift” 1924, No. 4-6, p. 17

For the implementation of his ideas, Tandler suggested no medical coercive measures (so-called "negative eugenics"), but rather a "positive eugenics" based on advice and education of the population, for example in the area of marriage counseling and family planning .

Honors

Common gravesite for Tandler, Danneberg and Breitner

The urn with his ashes was buried in a joint urn memorial for him as well as for Hugo Breitner and Robert Danneberg in the fire hall Simmering in 1950 (Department ML, Group 1, No. 1A). This facility is one of the honorary grave sites of the City of Vienna .

In Alsergrund , Vienna's 9th district, Althanplatz was renamed Julius-Tandler-Platz after him . The square is right in front of the Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof .

Since 1960 the Professor-Dr.-Julius-Tandler-Medal of the City of Vienna has been awarded to people who have made merits in the social field.

Fonts

  • Heart anatomy. 1913.
  • The biological basis of the secondary sex characters. 1913.
  • as an editor with the participation of Anton von Eiselsberg , Alexander Kolisko and Friedrich Martius : Journal for Applied Anatomy and Constitutional Theory. Published by Julius Springer, Vienna 1914 ff., Later also Zeitschrift für Konstitutionlehre , continued from 1935 and published by Günther Just and Karl Heinrich Bauer as a journal for human inheritance and constitution theory.
  • Urgent Operations Topography. 1916.
  • Systematic anatomy textbook. 4 volumes, 1918–24.
  • Marriage and population policy. Vienna Medical Newsreel, 1924.
  • The Welfare Office of the City of Vienna. 1931.
  • People of china. Thalia, Vienna 1935.

Journal articles (selection)

In: The Socialist Doctor

  • Hospitals and open care in Vienna. Volume II (1927), Issue 4 (March), pp. 27-29 digitized

In: International Medical Bulletin

  • Chinese hospitals. Volume I (1934), Issue 7–8 (July – August), pp. 121–122 digitized

literature

Web links

Commons : Julius Tandler  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. a b c Peter Schneck: Julius Tandler. In: Wolfgang U. Eckart , Christoph Gradmann (Hrsg.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the 20th century. CH Beck Munich 1995, pp. 350-351; Medical glossary. From antiquity to the present. 2nd edition ibid 2001, pp. 305-306; 3rd edition Springer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin / New York 2006, p. 318. Ärztelexikon 2006 , doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .
  2. a b c Street names in Vienna since 1860 as “Political Places of Remembrance” (PDF; 4.4 MB), p. 166f, final research project report, Vienna, July 2013
  3. Member entry of Julius Tandler at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on April 16, 2017.
  4. AH In memory of Julius Tandler. In: Internationales Ärztliches Bulletin 3rd vol. (1936), Issue 7–8 (August-September), pp. 102–104 digitized
  5. a b Volker Klimpel : Julius Tandler (1869–1936) , in: Hubert Kolling (Hrsg.): Biographical lexicon for nursing history “Who was who in nursing history,” Volume 7, hpsmedia Nidda 2015, pp. 252 + 253.
  6. The anatomist as a pioneer of social institutions  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in the Ärztewoche No. 6/2007 accessed on March 16, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.aerztewoche.at  
  7. ^ Wolfgang Freidl (ed.): Nazi science as an instrument of destruction . Facultas, 2004, ISBN 978-3-85076-656-2 , pp. 203 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  8. Gudrun Exner, Josef Kytir, Alexander Pinwinkler : Demography in Austria in the interwar period (1918-1938). ISBN 3-205-77180-X , p. 43. online at books.google.at
  9. Honorary and historical grave sites in the cemetery Feuerhalle Simmering on friedhoefewien.at (PDF)
  10. From this the chapter: Healthcare in China. Doctor or medicine man. In: International Medical Bulletin . Prague, 3rd year (1936), Issue 7–8 (August-September), pp. 104–107 digitized