Ferdinand Hanusch

Republic monument: Hanusch bust by Mario Petrucci based on a design by Carl Wollek

Ferdinand Hanusch (born November 9, 1866 in Oberdorf near Wigstadtl , Austrian Silesia , † September 28, 1923 in Vienna ) was a social democratic politician, founder of the Chamber of Labor and a key contributor to Austrian social policy in the First Republic.

Life

Ferdinand Hanusch and his three brothers grew up with his mother; his father died shortly after he was born. His childhood was marked by the hardship and misery of the house weavers in Silesia. Hanusch worked as an unskilled worker on the mechanical looms in a ribbon factory. After years of rolling , during which he was repeatedly picked up and brought back to Silesia, he found work in a silk factory in his hometown.

Urn grave fire hall Simmering

At the age of 25 he was actively involved in the labor movement . In 1897 he became trade union and party secretary in Sternberg , at that time a textile industry center in North Moravia. After he was brought to Vienna in 1903 and there was elected one of the chairmen of the Reich Commission of the Free Trade Unions, he became a Social Democrat member of the Reichsrat in 1907 at the age of 41 and remained so until the end of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy . In 1908 Hanusch joined the Freemasons Association . In his box, Lessing to the three rings , he dressed a. a. the office of lodge master and was elected grand official of the Vienna grand lodge .

From October 21, 1918 he was a member of the Provisional National Assembly for German Austria . On February 16, 1919, he was elected to the Constituent National Assembly in the first elections in which women were also eligible to vote.

From 30 October 1918 to 22 October 1920 for Hanusch was elected by the National Assembly State governments Renner I , Renner II , Renner III and Mayr I Secretary (= minister) for social welfare and social management in 1919 . As such, he submitted to the National Assembly the Chamber of Labor Act passed on February 26, 1920. Many other social achievements and regulations to protect the interests of workers are connected with his work.

Hanusch, still one of the union chairmen, became the first director of the Chamber of Labor in Vienna in 1921 after the Social Democrats left the government on October 22, 1920. From 1920 to 1923 he was a member of the National Council for the SDAP .

Hanusch died in 1923. His honorary grave is located in Vienna in the urn grove of the Simmering fire hall (Department MR, Group 45, Grave No. 1G).

Milestones in social policy

During his two years of activity he built up social legislation that served as a model for other countries. He owes a modern health insurance system and a large expansion of social security, vacation entitlement for workers, the minimum wage guaranteed by the collective agreement , the 48-hour working week, the ban on child labor for children under 12, unemployment insurance , the works council law , the six-week waiting period for women giving birth and the establishment of chambers for workers and employees . He laid the foundation for the later introduced old-age and disability insurance for workers.

Publications

In addition to theoretical writings such as Parliament and Workers' Protection (1913) and Social Policy in the New Austria (1923), Ferdinand Hanusch also published plays and stories with social reform and militant content.

Honors

The Viennese community housing at Ludwig-Koeßler-Platz 2-4, completed in 1925, was named Hanuschhof in his honor .

Since November 12, 1928, Ferdinand Hanuschs has been commemorated with the republic monument next to the parliament in Vienna: He is one of the three politicians who will be honored with a bust there.

In 1924, Hanuschgasse in Vienna's Innere Stadt (1st district) was named after him. Is also named after him in Vienna Hanusch Hospital , in Brunn am Gebirge the Ferdinand-Hanusch-Gasse and in Salzburg the Ferdinand-Hanusch-Platz on Salzachkai . In the St. Pölten district Stattersdorf there are Hanuschgasse and Hanuschplatz, on the square named after him stands a monument with a bronze relief. There are Ferdinand-Hanusch-Straße in Knittelfeld , Leoben , Steyr and Wimpassing in the Schwarzatale .

literature

• Hanusch Ferdinand. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1959, p. 184 f. (Direct links on p. 184 , p. 185 ).
• Walter G. Wieser:  Hanusch, Ferdinand. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 643 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Walter Göhring, Brigitte Pellar: Ferdinand Hanusch. Departure to the welfare state. ÖGB Verlag, Vienna 2003, ISBN 3-7035-0974-0 .
• Walter Kleindel: The great book of the Austrians . Kremayr & Scheriau, Vienna 1987.
• Helga Reisser: Ferdinand Hanusch, his life and literary work . Dissertation. University of Vienna, Vienna 1950.

Web links

Commons : Ferdinand Hanusch  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Ferdinand Hanusch on the website of the Austrian Parliament
• Entry on Ferdinand Hanusch in the Austria Forum  (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
• Entry on Ferdinand Hanusch in the Austria-Forum  (in the Austrian personal lexicon of the First and Second Republic )
• Literature by and about Ferdinand Hanusch in the catalog of the German National Library
• Ferdinand Hanusch. In: dasrotewien.at - Web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy. SPÖ Vienna (Ed.)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ digi.archives.cz - Veselka (Vítkov) baptismal register, Austrian Silesia, 1859–1877, page 129, 1st line
2. ^ Robert A. Minder: Freemason Politicians Lexicon. Innsbruck 2004, ( ISBN 3-7065-1909-7 )
3. ^ Marcus G. Patka: Freemasonry and Social Reform. Vienna 2011, ( ISBN 978-3-85409-594-1 )
4. ↑ StGBl. No. 100/1920 (= p. 171)
5. ↑ Manfred Wieninger : St. Pöltner tell street names. Loewenzahn, Innsbruck 2002, ISBN 3-7066-2208-4 , p. 150: Entries on Hanuschgasse and Hanuschplatz .