Johann Schober

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Johann Schober, around 1932
Johann Schober on a state visit to Berlin, 1931
Johann Schober at the meeting of the European Committee in Geneva, May 1931

Johann Schober (actually Johannes Schober , born November 14, 1874 in Perg , Upper Austria ; † August 19, 1932 in Baden near Vienna , Lower Austria ) was an Austrian civil servant, politician, foreign minister and federal chancellor .

Life

Johann Schober was born as the tenth child of the couple Franz (1836 - 1898) and Klara Schober. In 1894 he began studying law in Vienna , where he was a member of the Academic Choral Society (AGV) (today: facultative university choir Barden zu Vienna ).

In 1898 he began his service as a police officer in Vienna. As a police advisor, he was among other things one of the leading investigators in the espionage affair about the head of the evidence office , Alfred Redl , which was revealed in 1913 , and made a significant contribution to the investigation. From June 11, 1918 until his death, Schober was head of the Vienna Federal Police Directorate, with interruptions due to his tenure as Federal Chancellor or Vice Chancellor . From November 30, 1918, he was also the police chief of Vienna. Still entrusted by Emperor Karl I. at the suggestion of the Imperial and Royal Ministry Seidler with the management of the Imperial and Royal Police Directorate, he had to accompany the transition to the newly founded state of German Austria five months later , whose State Council (with State Chancellor Karl Renner ) appointed him definitively as the Police President.

On June 21, 1921 he was elected Chancellor by the National Council against the votes of the Social Democrats . He formed the federal government Schober I , a government in which a majority of officials were represented and which was supported by the Christian Social and the Greater German Party.

Schober was also foreign minister . On October 13, 1921 he signed the " Venice Protocol ", with which the implementation of a referendum on the affiliation of Ödenburg (Hungarian Sopron ) was agreed. On December 16, 1921 he concluded the Treaty of Lana on the mutual recognition of borders with Czechoslovakia at Lana Castle near Prague . Since Schober thus to the self-determination of the Sudeten Germans had given up, leaving the only large German Minister, Leopold Waber , the government and Schober took effect on 26 January 1922..

On January 26, 1922, Walter Breisky headed the government for one day. The next day, however, Schober was able to present his new government, the Schober II federal government, to parliament, which again consisted of civil servants and three ministers from the Christian Social Party. Schober also became Minister of the Interior and handed over the Foreign Ministry. Since Social Democrats and Greater Germans in parliament refused an additional loan, Schober resigned with his government on May 24, 1922.

The Federal Government Seipel I followed . Now active again as police chief, Schober became the first president of Interpol, which was founded on September 10, 1923 in Vienna . In his capacity as police chief, he was responsible for the bloody suppression of the July revolt in 1927. Schober had authorized the police to use armed force to give the fire brigade access to the burning Palace of Justice in an emergency ; Many fleeing demonstrators were shot dead. The consequences were seen as inevitable by the Seipel government and unforgivable by opponents such as Karl Kraus (poster text: I urge you to resign. ).

On September 26, 1929, Schober became Federal Chancellor for the third time and formed a government made up of non-party ministers and representatives of the Christian Social and Greater German Parties and the Landbund . On December 7, 1929, parliament unanimously passed a major constitutional reform through which the Federal President , 1928–1938 Wilhelm Miklas , received more rights: the Federal Chancellor has since no longer been elected by the National Council, but appointed by the Federal President, albeit by a vote of no confidence National Council can be recalled.

On January 20, 1930, Schober achieved the termination of the reparations payments imposed on the Republic of Austria in the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain in the wake of the First World War . This weakened the effects of the Great Depression in 1929. On February 6, 1930, he signed a friendship treaty between Austria and fascist Italy and concluded a trade agreement with the still democratic German Reich .

Schober failed in an attempt to disarm the defense associations Schutzbund and Heimwehr . The Heimwehr responded on May 18, 1930 in the Korneuburg Oath by rejecting democratic parliamentarianism. The expulsion of the German citizen and Heimwehr leader Waldemar Pabst on June 15, 1930 led to a final break with the Heimwehr movement. The resignation of the Christian Social Vice Chancellor Carl Vaugoin in the course of the Strafella affair forced Schober to resign with his government on September 25, 1930.

In the National Council election on November 9, 1930 , he was the list leader of the electoral alliance of the Greater German People's Party and the Landbund (" Schober Block "), which achieved 19 seats. From December 4, 1930 to June 16, 1931 he was Vice Chancellor and Foreign Minister in the Ender government . In March 1931 he conducted secret negotiations about a customs union with the German Foreign Minister Julius Curtius . The contract was signed on March 19th; after an indiscretion, the signing was reported on March 17th by the newspaper Neue Freie Presse . France , Italy and Czechoslovakia protested against it, and on September 3, 1931, Schober declared before the League of Nations in Geneva that the customs union would no longer be pursued.

On June 20, 1931 he was again Vice Chancellor and Foreign Minister in the Buresch government . Since the attacks by the Christian Social Party on him became stronger and stronger, he resigned from the coalition government on January 27, 1932 with the Greater German People's Party (GDVP). In the state elections on April 24, 1932 in Vienna , Lower Austria and Salzburg , the GDVP lost almost all of its votes to the National Socialists . When Engelbert Dollfuss was commissioned by Federal President Wilhelm Miklas to form a government on May 10, 1932 , Schober rejected a coalition.

A few days after Ignaz Seipel's death (August 2), Johann Schober died unexpectedly on August 19, 1932 in Baden near Vienna at the age of 57. His grave is in the cemetery in Perg in Upper Austria's Mühlviertel .

On the day of his funeral, August 24, 1932, the former Badgasse in Perg was renamed to Dr.-Johann-Schober-Strasse by a unanimous resolution. In the same year in the time to the church wall at Vienna related police settlement since 1938 part of the, 13th district of Vienna, Hietzing , Dr.-Schober-street named after him.

literature

Audio documents

Web links

Commons : Johann Schober  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Matricula, Perg, Todesfalls 1898, p. 99, line 3
  2. ↑ photo
  3. ^ Street names in Vienna since 1860 as "Political Places of Remembrance" (PDF; 4.4 MB), p. 184, final research project report, Vienna, July 2013
personal data
SURNAME Schober, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schober, Johannes (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian civil servant, politician, foreign minister and federal chancellor
DATE OF BIRTH November 14, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Perg , Upper Austria
DATE OF DEATH August 19, 1932
Place of death Baden near Vienna , Lower Austria