Crematoria in Austria
In Austria there are various crematoria (“ fire halls ”) available for cremation of the deceased.
History of cremation in Austria
The church fought fiercely against the burning of corpses. Although the first crematoria were built in North America and Europe from 1873 and the Italian pathologist Ludovico Brunetti presented a corpse incinerator at the Vienna World Exhibition in 1873 , the church forbade cremation. As a sanction, she threatened excommunication and denial of the sacraments for the dying.
The first Austrian crematorium was opened on December 17, 1922 opposite the Vienna Central Cemetery . The first cremation took place on January 17, 1923, although the Christian Social Minister responsible for social administration, Richard Schmitz , had banned the crematorium from operating the day before. As a result, the Vienna Mayor Jakob Reumann was sued at the Constitutional Court, which, however, ruled in favor of the City of Vienna.
By the state which was Cremation of burial equal on 15 May 1934th The Catholic Church, on the other hand, continued to reject the cremation of corpses. It was not until October 24, 1964, that the Vatican gave its official approval to cremation. In the following year, the Archdiocese of Vienna issued regulations for the consecration at a cremation.
Burgenland
Burgenland is the only federal state in Austria that does not have its own crematorium.
Carinthia
The state of Carinthia has a crematorium in the city of Villach (Waldfriedhof, Schmalgasse 17).
In the crematorium operated by “ Bestattung Kärnten GmbH ”, which came into being in 2008 through the merger of the municipal burials of Villach and Klagenfurt , around 1,300 deceased are burned every year.
The Villach crematorium was built between 1952 and 1953 according to plans by the architect Erich Boltenstern .
Lower Austria
The state of Lower Austria has three crematoria:
- Sankt Pölten (Goldegger Strasse 28-30)
- Bad Vöslau (Energiestraße 14)
- Neustift-Innermanzing (Business Park Nord 1)
- Stockerau (Schießstattgasse 117)
The privately operated crematorium in Bad Vöslau has existed since 2014, the one in Neustift-Innermanzing since February 2018.
FEBA - Cremations in Lower Austria
FEBA GmbH is a private crematorium in Neustift-Innermanzing and has been in operation since February 2018. It is the first crematorium in Austria with a very strict quality assurance concept (RAL-Gütegemeinschaft Feuerbestattungsanlagen).
Upper Austria
The state of Upper Austria has three crematoria:
- Linz (Urnenhainweg 8)
- Steyr (Taborweg 8)
- St. Marienkirchen an der Polsenz (Jungreith 21)
Until around 1940, when Mauthausen and Gusen did not yet have their own crematoria, the crematoria in Linz and Steyr were used by the National Socialists to cremate the victims.
Linz crematorium
The first Linz fire hall was built from 1925 to 1929 based on a design by Julius Schulte ; the first cremation took place in 1929. Together with the Urfahr urn grove , the crematorium was owned by the “ Die Flamme ” association until it was sold to the City of Linz in 1953 .
According to plans by Klaus Kada , the Linz crematorium was rebuilt with two cremation ovens and the necessary side rooms. The delivery date for the second and final incinerator was September 2003.
Steyr crematorium
The Steyr crematorium was built between 1926 and 1927 according to plans by the architect Franz Koppelhuber on behalf of the cremation association “ Die Flamme ” ( first Alpine cremation association ) founded in 1923 . The first cremation took place on June 1, 1927, but the official opening did not take place until June 26 of the same year.
At the end of 1939 the fire hall was acquired by the city and added to the city's enterprise.
Cremation Upper Austria
Cremation Upper Austria is a private crematorium in St. Marienkirchen an der Polsenz and was opened in 2015. The company has been working CO 2 -neutral since 2016 , which was already taken into account when the building was planned by the Wels architect Georg Harant .
Salzburg
Salzburg crematorium
In the state of Salzburg there is a crematorium in the city of Salzburg on the municipal cemetery (cemetery administration: Gneiserstraße 8).
The structure, which resembles a step pyramid, was built in 1930 according to plans by the Salzburg regional building councilor Wiedemann. It was opened on November 8, 1931. In 1963 the incinerator was converted from being fired with coke to being powered by electricity. In 1981 another electric furnace was installed.
Styria
The state of Styria has three crematoriums:
- Graz (Alte Poststrasse 345)
- Knittelfeld (Freiheitsallee 57)
- Nestelbach near Graz (Dorfstrasse 47)
Crematorium Graz
The Graz crematorium was built between 1931 and 1932 according to plans by the architect Erich Boltenstern on behalf of the cremation association “ Die Flamme ”.
Knittelfeld crematorium
The Knittelfelder crematorium was built in 1975.
Alpha crematorium in Nestelbach near Graz
The private crematorium in Nestelbach near Graz has been in operation since March 2018 and is made of wood.
Tyrol
The state of Tyrol has two crematoria:
Innsbruck crematorium
The city of Innsbruck built the crematorium in the Amras district near the Pradler Friedhof at a cost of around 3.5 million euros. Commissioning took place on August 18, 1999.
Kramsach crematorium
The Kramsach crematorium was the first private crematorium - owned by TrauerHilfe - to open in Tyrol on April 11, 2008. For the year 2008, around 850 cremations were expected, the capacity limit is given as around 1200 cremations per year.
Vorarlberg
The state of Vorarlberg has a crematorium in Hohenems (Riedstrasse 31).
It was put into operation at the end of 1998 and has two cremation ovens. In order to be able to safeguard public interests, the Vorarlberg municipal association has a ten percent stake in the operating company “ Krematorium Ethik & Umwelt GesmbH ”. In 2006, around 1,600 deceased were cremated according to their own information.
Vienna
The State of Vienna has crematoriums in:
- Simmering (Simmeringer Hauptstrasse 337)
- Stammersdorf (Stammersdorfer Straße 244–260, out of order)
Simmering
The plans for the now listed crematorium come from Clemens Holzmeister . With its towers and battlements, it is intended to be a reminder of the nearby Neugebuilding .
Four electric ovens are available for the cremation of around 5000 deceased annually.
In 2008 the crematorium received a new filter system for exhaust gas purification and a lift that is suitable for the disabled. For this reason, the farewell hall was closed during this time, but the cremation operation could still be carried out.
Under the name Krematorium GmbH , the crematorium in Simmering is a separate business area within Wiener Stadtwerke .
Stammersdorf
Vienna's second crematorium was built at the Stammersdorfer Zentralfriedhof in Floridsdorf between 1964 and 1966, after an urn niche and an urn burial site had already been built in 1928 , which were occupied from January 2, 1929.
The changes in canon law regarding cremations in 1963 and the increasing settlement of the districts on the left bank of the Danube prompted the Vienna city government to build another crematorium in Vienna between 1964 and 1966 with two cremation ovens. The architect of this facility was Josef Strelec .
Since the number of cremations in Vienna did not increase despite the changed attitude of the church towards cremation, the operation of two crematoriums in the city did not make sense. The operation of the Stammersdorfer crematorium was therefore initially stopped on a trial basis on September 7, 1981 and only resumed between 1984 and 1986, when the Simmering fire hall received new ovens.
Farewell ceremonies for the deceased destined for cremation are still held at the Stammersdorfer Zentralfriedhof.
literature
- NN, The Struggle for Cremation in Vienna , in: Salzburger Wacht No. 156 (June 15, 1929), p. 8 (Online on ANNO , accessed on August 15, 2018)
- NN, The Linzer Feuerbestattungsanlage a sample system , in: Tagblatt No. 113 (May 17, 1931) p. 5 (online on ANNO , accessed on August 15, 2018)
- NN, Graz - Austria's fifth fire hall , in: Free Voices No. 165 (July 20, 1932), p. 10 (Online on ANNO , accessed August 15, 2018)
- NN, the fire hall of the city of Vienna. 25 years of history of the Viennese crematorium , in: Weltpresse No. 251 (October 30, 1946), p. 6 (online on ANNO , accessed on August 15, 2018)
- Irmgard Langer: The struggle to introduce optional cremation in the Vienna City Council , diploma thesis, University of Vienna 2008 ( online ).
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Werfring: The cremation in Vienna. In: “Wiener Zeitung” of October 28, 2002, p. 7. Retrieved on December 10, 2011 .
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated June 6, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Entry on Boltenstern, Erich in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- ↑ http://science.orf.at/science/news/151266 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Rudolf Lehr : Landeschronik Oberösterreich , 2008, p. 327
- ↑ http://www.dioezese-linz.at/redaktion/index.php?action_new=Lesen&Article_ID=8022 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.linzag.at/content/section,id,594,nodeid,811,_country,service,_language,de.html
- ↑ http://www.ka-hamburg.de/ah/index.php4?ref=ah000063.php4
- ↑ http://alo.uibk.ac.at/filestore/servlet/GetFile?id=LJFHUCZDHGJWSBUGGPQC ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. page 4
- ↑ http://www.nachrichten.at/oberoesterreich/wels/Eine-Verwechsellung-der-Urne-ist-ausnahm;art67,2015973
- ↑ CO2-neutral: world's first ecological cremation. February 7, 2016, accessed February 12, 2016 .
- ↑ https://www.stadt-salzburg.at/internet/leben_in_salzburg/gesellschaft_soziales/friedhoefe/krematorium_334103/feuerhalle_am_kommunalfriedhof_202417.htm
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from July 2, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Erich Boltenstern. In: dasrotewien.at - Web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy. SPÖ Vienna (Ed.)
- ↑ Entry on cremation in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated June 12, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from July 13, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.pressetext.at/pte.mc?pte=080415010
- ↑ http://tt.com/tt/tirol/story.csp?cid=14868&sid=56&fid=21
- ↑ http://www.gemeindeverband.at/fileadmin/Image_Archive/gemeindeverband/Presse/Presseaussendung_30Okt07.pdf pdf file
- ↑ http://vorarlberg.orf.at/stories/184113
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Simmering fire hall at friedhoefewien.at, accessed on February 9, 2017.
Web links
- Hohenems crematorium (Vorarlberg)
- FEBA - Cremations in Lower Austria
- Cremation Upper Austria
- Crematorium Vienna (Simmering)
- Crematorium Vienna (Simmering). In: dasrotewien.at - Web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy. SPÖ Vienna (Ed.)
- Stammersdorf Zentral - history of the cemetery and the crematorium
- Entry on cremation in Austria in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )