Clemens Holzmeister

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Photo by Otto Skall (1937)

Clemens Holzmeister (born March 27, 1886 in Fulpmes , Tyrol ; † June 12, 1983 in Hallein , Salzburg ) was an Austrian architect who a. a. worked in Austria, Germany, Turkey and Brazil.

Origin and education

Clemens Holzmeister was born in Fulpmes as a Tyrolean with Brazilian citizenship . The grandfather, who came from a family of hammers, wanted to emigrate to Brazil, but died of cholera during the crossing . The grandmother ended up with her seven children in South America, the oldest was the father of Clemens Holzmeister, who grew coffee as an adult and started a family. After seven of the children died of malaria , Holzmeister senior returned with the rest of the family to Tyrol, where he became the father of four more children. After the death of his first wife, he married again. In this marriage, four more children followed, the second oldest being Clemens Holzmeister. He attended secondary school in Innsbruck , where he got through more poorly than well. There he joined the Catholic secondary school association Cimbria Innsbruck. After a friend from Munich got him excited about architecture, he went to Vienna to study at the Technical University .

Next life

Anton Josef Trčka : Clemens Holzmeister (1926)

In 1913 he married Judith Bridarolli in Innsbruck . Although he took Luis Trenker out of the boat with it, he remained a lifelong friendship with him. In 1914 his son Guido was born in Vienna . After completing his studies in Vienna as a doctor of technical sciences , he was appointed to teach at the State Trade School in Innsbruck in 1919. In 1920 his daughter, the future actress Judith , was born in Innsbruck. In the meantime, he also managed the installation company of his father-in-law Dominikus Bridarolli, which is still run by his great-grandchildren Norbert Engele and Thomas Engele, and ran a joint architecture office with Luis Trenker in Bolzano around 1924/25 .

Advertisement by Clemens Holzmeister and Luis Trenker's joint architecture office in the Bozen telephone directory from 1925

After - and not least due to - the completion of the crematorium built according to his designs next to the Vienna Central Cemetery ( fire hall Simmering ), which is considered his breakthrough as an architect, he was appointed to the professorship at the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts in 1924 , which he held until 1938 held. Through the mediation of Mehmet Hamdi Bey , he was called to Ankara in 1927 with the order to build the Turkish Ministry of War. Clemens Holzmeister was also the director of a master's atelier at the Düsseldorf Art Academy from 1928 to 1933 with a studio in the Eiskellerberg . From 1932 to 1938 he was President of the Central Association of Architects and the New Austrian Werkbund . One of his students during this time in Vienna was Alfons Fritz .

Holy grave in Fulpmes.

In 1938 Clemens Holzmeister was dismissed from the Vienna Academy and emigrated to Istanbul - Tarabya in Turkey . Here he worked as a teacher at the technical university . He was highly honored in Turkey and built a palatial villa as a new residence. In 1939 he separated from his first wife Judith. He married Gunda Lexer in exile in Turkey, who gave birth to his daughter Barbara in Athens . In 1939 he spent six months in Brazil doing assignments before returning to Tyrol. His father Johann Holzmeister had already lived in Brazil for almost 30 years as an emigrant. His other teaching activities at the Technical University in Istanbul lasted from 1940 to 1949. In 1947 Clemens Holzmeister moved to Ankara and began to commute between Vienna and Ankara, until he finally returned to Vienna in 1954.

Grave of Clemens Holzmeister in the Petersfriedhof Salzburg

He received the Grand Austrian State Prize in 1953. From 1955 to 1957 he was rector at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna . In 1957 he received the Austrian Decoration of Honor for Science and Art and the City of Vienna Prize for Architecture . In 1963 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Technical University in Istanbul. For his 85th birthday he went on a study trip to Turkey.

Clemens Holzmeister was an important creator of monumental and sacred buildings . He developed a reinterpretation of local building traditions between simplicity and expressiveness. He also built monuments and sets. In the parish church of Fulpmes at Easter time you can marvel at a holy grave , which Holzmeister had made in 1954 in the stage workshops of the Salzburg Festival .

Since 1902 he was a member of the Catholic student union K.Ö.St.V. Cimbria Innsbruck in the MCV (today MKV ) and the K.ö.St.V. Almgau Salzburg (MKV), whose "150 semester volume" he received in 1981, and since 1906 member of the Catholic student association KaV Norica Vienna in the ÖCV .

Clemens Holzmeister is buried in the Petersfriedhof in Salzburg .

Parish church Mariahilf in Bregenz

Buildings

Austria

Sacred buildings

Parish Church of All Saints in Innsbruck
Maria Hilf monastery and retreat house in Kufstein-Kleinholz

Secular buildings

Elementary school in Marbach ad Donau, 1914, first school
Simmering fire hall in Vienna, 1921–1922
Kammerspiele in Linz, 1954/57 (right); Reconstruction of the State Theater (Large House), 1955/58 (left)
Leopold-Figl-Warte , 1966/67

Germany

Sacred buildings

Secular buildings

South Tyrol (Italy)

  • Housing estate Klösterlegrund for state officials, Bolzano , 1925
  • Hotel Adler, Ortisei in Val Gardena , 1926
  • Villa Dr. Runggaldier, Ortisei in Val Gardena, 1926
  • Villa Pretz , Bolzano, 1926–1928
  • Hotel Drei Zinnen, Sexten , 1929–1931
  • Reconstruction and expansion of the parish church St. Vigil, Untermais , Meran

Turkey ( Ankara )

The building of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara
  • Ministry of Defense , 1927–1930
  • Military Academy, 1930–1935
  • Ataturk city ​​villa , 1931–1932
  • Central Bank (Merkez Bankası), 1931–1933
  • "Monument of Trust" in Kızılay (Ankara)
  • Emlak Bank, 1933-1934
  • Supreme Court, 1933–1934
  • Austrian Legation, 1933–1934
  • Ministry of Economy and Agriculture, 1933–1935
  • Ministry of the Interior, 1932–1934
  • Parliament building, 1938–1963

student

Awards

Clemens Holzmeister , wood relief by Hermann Josef Runggaldier at the Hotel Adler in Ortisei in Val Gardena

Appreciations

  • In 1986 the Austrian Post honored him on his 100th birthday with a special postage stamp.
  • In 2003 the Clemens-Holzmeister-Strasse in the Business Park Vienna in Vienna- Favoriten was named after Holzmeister.
  • In 2008 a street in Ankara ( Clemens Holzmeister Caddesi ) was named after him.
  • In Bregenz there is also a Clemens-Holzmeister-Gasse next to the Mariahilfkirche.
  • The square in front of the parish church St. Stephan in Gmünd was named after Clemens Holzmeister.
  • In Innsbruck and Fulpmes streets are reminiscent of Holzmeister.

literature

  • Luigi Monzo: Building churches in the Third Reich. The inversion of the church's renewal dynamics using the example of the St. Canisius Church in Augsburg designed by Fritz Kempf. In: Das Münster - magazine for Christian art and art history. 68. 2015/1 (April), pp. 74-82.
  • Wilfried Posch: Clemens Holzmeister. Architect between art and politics . Salzburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-99014-020-8 .

Web links

Commons : Clemens Holzmeister  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Thomas Chorherr : Great Austrians . Publishing house Carl Ueberreuter
  2. ↑ Dissertation Das Cistercienserstift Stams in Tirol - with special consideration of its original condition , Vienna, Techn. Hochschule, Diss., 1919 UBI
  3. ^ The honorary members, old men and students of the CV Vienna 1925, p. 645.
  4. ↑ Memorial Chapel Albin Egger-Lienz - Bruck Castle | City of Lienz Museum. In: www.museum-schlossbruck.at. Retrieved December 14, 2016 .
  5. ^ Tafatsch, Wiesauer: Hauptschule Angedair. In: Tyrolean art register . Retrieved May 9, 2017 .
  6. ^ Church building under Jacobus von Hauck. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 30, 2013 ; Retrieved May 28, 2013 .
  7. ↑ Monument of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation - page 102. (PDF; 790 kB) Retrieved on June 4, 2013 .
  8. ↑ Klösterlegrund settlement
  9. ↑ Personal communication from the artist
  10. ↑ Small Chronicle (Personal News ). In:  Neue Freie Presse , January 11, 1928, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp
  11. ↑ TU Wien: Honorary doctorates ( memento of the original from February 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved March 26, 2015. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tuwien.ac.at
  12. ↑ List of all decorations awarded by the Federal President for services to the Republic of Austria from 1952 (PDF; 6.9 MB)
  13. ↑ Entry on Clemens Holzmeister in the Austria Forum  (as a stamp representation), accessed on December 15, 2011.
  14. ↑ derstandard.at , October 29, 2008.
personal data
SURNAME Holzmeister, Clemens
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian architect
DATE OF BIRTH March 27, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Fulpmes (Tyrol)
DATE OF DEATH June 12, 1983
Place of death Hallein (Salzburg)