Eiskellerberg (Düsseldorf)

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Eiskellerberg 1–3

Eiskellerberg is a street on the edge of Düsseldorf's old town , at the address of which there is only one house.

location

The Eiskellerberg is located directly opposite the building of the art academy and Hilarius-Gilges-Platz , which was inaugurated in 2003, halfway between the art collection of North Rhine-Westphalia and the Museum Kunstpalast , at the northern end of Mühlengasse. From the banks of the Rhine, the Ritterstrasse and Eiskellerstrasse lead to the Eiskellerberg.

history

The Eiskellerberg is located on the site of a 16th century bastion , which was also known as the Eiskellerbastion . Paul Clemen wrote:

"In the 15th century, the new wall ring led from the toll tower at the northwest end of the city to the tower at the Eiskeller in the northeast (the foundations in the Eiskellerberg have been preserved), from there to the tower [...]."

This former city fortification was lined with trees and was at the end of today's Heinrich-Heine-Allee and directly in front of today's ramp of the Oberkasseler Bridge . Between 1797 and 1799 the French, who had taken Düsseldorf in the turmoil of the coalition wars , expanded the city as a fortress and destroyed the trees there. These fortifications began behind the houses on the east side of Mühlengasse.

During the fortification of the city of Düsseldorf on the basis of Art. VI of the Peace of Lunéville of 1801, the Eiskellerberg was created from the rubble of the fortifications in the area outside the city at that time. Around 1809 the area between Eiskellerberg and Ratinger Straße was given to those willing to build, with the condition that only “decent” buildings should be built.

The area lay with a beautiful view about five meters above the extended avenue road on a rising plateau about an acre in size with a summer restaurant. Here a Mr. Julius Ahmer had his restoration around 1895. Around 1907 it was called the café-restaurant "Eiskellerberg" by Alex Ahmer. According to a contemporary source:

"The hill to the left of this building [art academy] is the Eiskellerberg with good restoration and a clear view of the harbor, the Rhine and the Hofgarten."

The Napoleonic security harbor next to the art academy was filled in for the construction of the Oberkassel Rhine Bridge (1897/1898).

Ice cellar

The name Eiskellerberg refers to the historic ice cellar that supplied the Duesseldorf Fürstenhof with ice. The ice that was made on the Rhine in winter was stored in the deep catacombs of the bastion and remained here until well into summer. It used to be not uncommon for the Rhine to freeze over. The last time it happened in the winter of 1942. Because of the two loops of the Rhine, the ice floes piled up, especially on today's banks of the Parliament. The almost annual ice drift, i.e. the formation of drift ice on the Rhine, was ideal for extracting the valuable, natural preservative. The former security port at the art academy, which stretched west from the Eiskellerberg, also supplied the ice in winter. While the food for the Fürstenhof was initially cooled in the ice cellars, later on, the many old town breweries in particular secured the services of the ice cellar. Until after 1880, seasonal workers earned their money in winter by harvesting drift ice from the Rhine, which was stored in the old town's ice cellar. The writer Hans Müller-Schlösser (1884–1956) could remember from his youth that Düsseldorfers also cut ice from the ponds in the courtyard garden and then brought it to the ice cellar for storage. The ice cellar of the butchers' guild , founded in Düsseldorf in 1883, was also located here. On the ice cellar there was a restaurant where beer was served, which was kept cool and fresh by the natural ice underneath. Until the 20th century, natural ice was indispensable for the production of fresh Altbier.

In 1926 the new administration building of what was then Phönix AG brought the Düsseldorf ice cellar to an end. The Phönix-Haus with access at Fritz-Roeber-Straße 2 was then used as an employment office from 1928 to 1995 and is now the seat of the Düsseldorf public prosecutor .

  • Depiction of the Eiskeller Bastion in the Plan de Düsseldorf (1758)

  • City map of Düsseldorf 1809: Extension of the court garden to include the terrain of the former city fortifications

  • Depiction of the security harbor (right) and the ice cellar bastion planted as a tree rondel (left) on an illustration by Johann Poppel (1852)

  • Harbor next to the art academy, illustration Wilhelm Gause (1879)

  • Restoration by Jullius Ahmer, Eiskellerberg 6, Düsseldorf (1895)

  • Restoration by Alex Ahmer, Eiskellerberg 6, Düsseldorf (1920)

  • View of the back of the Phönix-Haus am Eiskellerberg (2011)

Eiskellerberg (hunger tower)

Outside stairs to the gallery

At the end of the 19th century, the free-standing studio house Eiskellerberg was built at the northern end of Mühlengasse opposite the Düsseldorf Art Academy , which stood out quite strangely from the rest of the buildings. The owner was the family of Franz Schoenfeld . A servant lived in the basement and the premises were used by the art academy as an artist's studio. The heirs of the Tapken family from Düsseldorf had been the owners and administrators of the Eiskellerberg since the early 1930s.

The studio house was also popularly known as the “Hunger Tower”. Legend has it that mothers called out to their children to hide their sandwiches when the “hungry painters” came.

The painter Paula Baruch , later wife of Paul Häberlin , described the Eiskellerberg as follows: “We painters, (kindly called“ Malweiblein ”) around 1900, had no access to the academies, and I hardly believe that it has changed since then is. Our painting school, directed by Eugen Kampf and Schneider-Didam, was located in the "Hunger Tower" opposite the Düsseldorf Academy. It was an old, tall box, full of painting studios, only downstairs on the ground floor was a painting utensil shop from Schönfeld. It was inevitable that relationships would develop and that a reflection of the academy would fall on our “hunger tower”. (By the way, once an old, lonely painter actually starved to death in it, and we stood shaken by his deathbed, looked into his gray face and saw incomprehensible, very colorful pictures on the walls). "

Some rooms in the Eiskellerberg have enormous ceiling heights and are equipped with large windows that face the northern lights and look onto the Phoenix House . Even today there is another cellar vault under the cellar rooms, which indicates the former use as ice storage. On the west side of the building there is a gallery, to which a stone external staircase ascends. The mountain feeling is still recognizable on the stairs. During the Second World War in 1943 the top floor was destroyed by an incendiary bomb. Since 2016, the "Eiskeller Weinbar" has been located on the right side of the entrance door, in which the brick vault of the basement has been carved out again.

  • Stephan Schoenfeld artist paints (around 1903)

  • View from the "Eiskellerberg" to the art academy (2012)

  • View from Eiskellerstraße (2015)

  • Ritterstrasse with a view of the Eiskellerberg (2015)

  • Front door (2015)

Artists and art in the Eiskellerberg

In the Eiskellerberg building , built at the end of the 19th century, there are now apartments and studios as well as two galleries that represent contemporary art and an internet-based television station that broadcasts stream clips and editorial contributions to exhibitions, performances and interviews with artists, curators, gallery owners and others influential people from the contemporary art world. In the 1970s, Kiki Maier-Hahn's gallery in the Eiskellerberg was something like the “living room of the academy students”.

literature

  • A. Hofacker: New illustrated guide through Düsseldorf and the surrounding area for locals and foreigners . H. Michel, 1895, p. 31
  • Festschrift for the participants of the 70th meeting of German naturalists and doctors, presented by the city of Düsseldorf in 1898, printed by August Bagel. P. 13, P. 14, P. 85

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Clemen: Die Kunstdenkmäler der Rheinprovinz , 1891, p. 56
  2. ↑ State capital Düsseldorf - The Pineapple Mountain
  3. ↑ Moment Orientation Plan of the City of Düsseldorf, p. 6
  4. ↑ A. Hofacker
  5. ↑ Napoleon had a new security port built in the north of the city, which was called the Napoleonic port until it was removed after 1896 .
  6. ↑ Hans Seeling: Eiskeller - freezers from back then, natural ice harvest in old Düsseldorf . In: Das Tor , 1961, p. 33/34, issue 2, publisher: Düsseldorfer Jonges eV
  7. ↑ Hans Müller-Schlösser: The city on the Düssel . 1937, 2nd edition 1949, page 227, Droste Verlag
  8. ↑ Eiskellerberg (formerly the butcher's guild ice cellar), 1/3 E. (= owner) Schoenfeld, Eduard, Wwe., Pempelforterstr. 61 , in the address book for the city of Düsseldorf and the mayorships of Benrath, Erkrath and Kaiserswerth: zsgest. according to official material u. after e. from D. Police officers carried out special recording. Third part. Population register of the city of Düsseldorf sorted by streets and house numbers, 1915
  9. ^ Eiskellerberg 1/3, E = owner, Schoenfeld, widow, Pempelforterstr. 60; Busch, Heinrich, servant U; Ateliers der Kunstakademie , in officially commissioned address book of the city of Düsseldorf, 1924, p. 57
  10. ^ Eiskellerberg 1/3 (E = owner Tapken Erben) , in address book of the city of Düsseldorf, 1933, p. 92
  11. ^ Eiskellerberg 1 (V = Tapken property management, Dr., Grunerstr. 60); 1st to 4th floor: graphic designers, architects, sculptors, painters and artisans , in the address book of the city of Düsseldorf, 1940, p. 107
  12. ↑ XXIV. Swiss Art, Volume 5, 1944
  13. ↑ Hannelore Köhler's biography
  14. ^ Database Rhenish-Westphalian Artists ( Memento from July 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  15. ↑ 1952, Köhler, Willi, Düsseldorf, Eiskellerberg 1 , in the database of Rhenish-Westphalian artists from the last 150 years
  16. ^ Köhler, Wilhelm (Willi) (1914-1976) , on inventory list Malkasten Düsseldorf
  17. ↑ Erwin Eichbaum biography
  18. ^ Database Rhenish-Westphalian Artists ( Memento from September 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  19. ^ Günther Cremers , website about the artist Günther Cremers, accessed on February 22, 2016
  20. ^ Meuter, Theodor, Eiskeller 1/3 , in the address book of the city of Düsseldorf, 1938
  21. ^ Eiskellerberg 1/3, Holzmeister, Clemens, Prof. Dr., architect, 1st floor , in the address book of the city of Düsseldorf, 1933, p. 92
  22. ^ Eiskellerberg 1/3 (E. Erben Tapken), Becker, Fritz, Prof., architect. Ateliers of the art academy: Blockmann, Gottfried, Waldemar, painter; Heuser, Werner, Professor , in address book for Düsseldorf, 1932, p. 88
  23. ^ Vademecum for artists and art lovers, Stuttgart 1904, Stephan Schoenfeld, advertisement p. 83
  24. ↑ Large country address book of the German Empire, City of Düsseldorf, 1901
  25. ^ Wilhelm Döringer , on the picture index of art and architecture, accessed on March 12, 2016
  26. ^ Döringer, Wilhelm, Maler, Atelier Eiskellerberg 1 , in the address book of the city of Düsseldorf, 1896
  27. ^ Monjé, Paula, Atelier: Eiskellerberg 1 , in the address book of the city of Düsseldorf, 1898
  28. ^ Carl Becker, address catalog of the Munich annual exhibition in the Glaspalast, 1894
  29. ↑ Large country address book of the German Empire, City of Düsseldorf, 1901
  30. ^ Bambridge Arthur in Eiskellerberg, 1890, member of the General German Art Cooperative

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 48.6 ″  N , 6 ° 46 ′ 31.3 ″  E