Franz Schoenfeld (chemist)

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Poster around 1900
Franz Schoenfeld Farben, in Die Rheinlande February 1901

Franz Hermann Josef Schoenfeld (born August 11, 1834 in Düsseldorf ; † January 6, 1911 there ) was a German chemist and, as an industrialist, the founder of Lukas Künstlerfarben .

Life

Seal of the purveyor to the court Stephan Schoenfeld Düsseldorf

Franz Schoenfeld studied in Giessen and Heidelberg. Already at the age of twenty earned the degree of Dr. phil. and after his doctorate he deepened his knowledge at the University of London and in the Netherlands. In 1855 Schoenfeld published his work in Heidelberg on the absorption coefficients of sulphurous acid, chlorine and hydrogen sulphide.

Art academy in a wing of the Düsseldorf Palace on a painting by Andreas Achenbach , 1831
Adlerstrasse: Dr. Ms. Schönfeld u. Cie.

His father Stephan Schoenfeld, purveyor to the court, had been running a specialist shop for artists' materials in the old town near the art academy since 1829 , which was housed in the gallery building of the electoral palace from 1821 until the fire in 1872 . Here Franz Schoenfeld discovered his interest in art and artist materials. In 1863 the shop was in the Heine house on Bolkerstraße 53. In 1842, the father founded a small production facility for paint. In 1903 the retail stores were located under the name “Stephan Schoenfeld” in the Eiskellerberg building opposite the Art Academy and on Bazarstrasse 3, today's Theodor-Körner-Strasse.

The numerous artists at the Düsseldorf School of Painting in the 19th century needed professional artist paints at a reasonable cost. This meant paints made by a local, industrial manufacturer. The paint, which was industrially produced as early as the 19th century, was often better and cheaper than the hand-made paints and transports from home or abroad. In 1862, Franz Schoenfeld founded the “Künstlerfarben Dr. Fr. Schoenfeld GmbH & Co ”in Düsseldorf's Bismarckstrasse 6. and lived at Goethestrasse 50. In 1896, he chose the location for the new company headquarters in the immediate vicinity of the Malkasten artist association , the international meeting place for painters, architects and writers. The factory for “artist paints Dr. F. Schoenfeld ”was located in Pempelfort on the area behind Pempelforter Straße with access from Adlerstraße 41b. The store boasted in 1902 as the "largest and oldest in its branch".

In the beginning there was the production of watercolors . Schoenfeld managed to transfer the advantage of the liquid watercolor paint, namely the quick absorption of paint with the brush, into the recipe of the watercolor pans. This was the birth of “wet watercolors”. He focused on quality right from the start and only used the best pigments and binders. Technically optimal recipes ensured color brilliance and lightfastness, which is the best prerequisite for the durability of works of art over many generations. In 1899 the production of painting cloths started. Around 1889/90 Schoenfeld & Co. bought the color formulas for the "petroleum colors" from the painter and art historian Heinrich Ludwig (1829–1897). This oil paint , improved by resin and petroleum , should be an alternative to the Mussini resin oil paints already on the market from H. Schmincke & Co , on the one hand, and to that of the followers of classic oil painting , still as a "subordinate technique" , on the other. classed tempera represent. Eyth and Meyer said in 1899: “Lately the painter can save himself the tempera preparation, since ready-made tempera paints of various kinds are available in glass bottles and tinfoil tubes. We mention the preparations [...] by Schönfeld and by Schminke in Düsseldorf, [...]. "

At the turn of the century in 1900, the patron saint of the (art) painter " Sankt Lukas " gave its name to all Schoenfeld products. Eduard Gebhardt designed the Lukas trademark for the "Artists' paint and canvas factory Dr. Ms. Schoenfeld ”in Düsseldorf. Since then one speaks of "Lukas" artist paints. Over the years, the logo of the house has been adapted to current tastes and graphic trends.

Famous painters and graphic artists were among the clientele. For example Vincent van Gogh , who wrote to his brother in 1885: The following is an excerpt from a letter van Gogh to his brother Theo van Gogh from 1885: “I had colors from Schoenfeld in Düsseldorf - a few colors that I have here couldn't get well. The fact that the picture with the potato eaters is not good is, at least in part, due to the color. […] Based on this experience, I would have found it out much better with the mineral blue [von Schoenfeld] that I have now […] ”The renowned German landscape painter Andreas Achenbach wrote in 1895:“ It is too big for me Satisfaction today, after I turned 81, to declare that from the beginning of my artistic activity I only painted with Schoenfeld's colors and that my pictures have never torn or darkened. […] “A hundred years later, artists such as Joseph Beuys and Georg Baselitz swore by the range of colors offered by Lukas Künstlerfarben.

Schoenfeld and Talbot graves, Düsseldorf North Cemetery

In 1875 he was deputy secretary in the animal protection association Fauna, founded in 1873, with chairman Wilhelm Camphausen , who pushed ahead with the establishment of a zoological garden in Düsseldorf . Schoenfeld was later chairman of the board of the zoological garden.

The Kommerzienrat Franz Schoenfeld, a member of the Liberal Party, was a city ​​councilor in Düsseldorf from 1896 to 1908.

In 1907 the son Paul Schoenfeld (1865–1919) took over the company and passed it on to his nephew Eduard Talbot shortly before his death. His successor in 1957 was his daughter Christa Heusgen-Talbot, in whose footsteps today's managing director Hubertus Heusgen followed in 1998.

Franz Schoenfeld was buried in the family grave in the north cemetery on the so-called million hill. Friedrich Kühn created the tomb with a female figure in white marble in 1906.

Thanks to the legacy of Franz Schoenfeld in 1911, 150 pictures, mainly from Düsseldorf artists, entered the collection of the Museum Kunstpalast . Including artists like Hugo Zieger , Carl Becker , Alexander Frenz and Olof Jernberg .

literature

Web links

Commons : Franz Schoenfeld  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Date of birth according to the tombstone: August 11, 1834
  2. ↑ Franz Schoenfeld: About the absorption coefficient of sulphurous acid, chlorine and hydrogen sulphide . In: Annals of Chemistry and Pharmacy . tape 95 , no. January 1 , 1855, doi : 10.1002 / jlac.18550950102 .
  3. ↑ Address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf, July 1, 1863 Stephan Schönfeld, writing, drawing and painting materials dealership en wholesaling and detail, Bolkerstraße 53
  4. ^ Vademecum for artists and art lovers, Stuttgart 1904, Stephan Schoenfeld, advertisement p. 83
  5. ^ Address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf, 1889. Second part. Alphabetical evidence of business and tradespeople
  6. ↑ Large country address book or trade u. Business address books for the individual states and Provinces of the German Empire, 1901
  7. ↑ Heinrich Ludwig (* 1829 in Hanau; † 1897 in Rome) Sale of the color formulas ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.rkk.ar.tum.de
  8. ↑ Karl Eyth, Franz S. Meyer: Das Malerbuch, Die Dekorationsmalerei . Schäfer in the Vincente Network, 1999, ISBN 3-88746-253-X
  9. ↑ Design of the symbol of Lukas colors ( Memento from April 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ).
  10. ^ Johanna Gesina van Gogh-Bongers: Van Gogh Letters - Vincent van Gogh's letters to his brother. Volume 2, Insel Taschenbuch Verlag, 1988, pp. 707 ff, Letter No. 414
  11. ↑ Address book of the Lord Mayor's Office Düsseldorf for 1875. Public authorities, private companies, associations: Fauna
  12. ^ Address book of the mayor's office in Düsseldorf, 1887. Third part. Proof of the local civil and military authorities, public associations, Schoenfeld Chairman of the Board of the Zoological Garden, 1887 to 1890 (found)
  13. ↑ City councilors of Düsseldorf 1878 to 1933 -> here with year of birth 1834
  14. ^ Telephone address book for the German Reich Düsseldorf 1907: Paul Schoenfeld, factory owner, Pempelforter Strasse
  15. ↑ Nordfriedhof Million Hill, resting place of the Schoenfeld and Talbot families, (box 63)
  16. ^ Collectors, donors and sponsors of the Gemäldegalerie
  17. ↑ 1911 Gift of Dr. Franz Schoenfeld, Düsseldorf , on emuseum.duesseldorf.de
  18. ↑ Olof Jernberg: Dutch landscape, gift from Dr. Franz Schoenfeld, 1897 , in the directory of the paintings in the municipal painting collection in Düsseldorf, 1897
personal data
SURNAME Schoenfeld, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schoenfeld, Franz Hermann Josef (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist and industrialist
DATE OF BIRTH August 11, 1834
PLACE OF BIRTH Dusseldorf
DATE OF DEATH January 6, 1911
Place of death Dusseldorf