Commerce Council
Commerce is a title of honor , of the German Reich , especially until 1919 to personalities of the economy was awarded. The award only took place, and by no means automatically, after substantial “foundations for the common good”.
The next higher level, the Secret Council of Commerce (cf. also Privy Council ) made " acceptable ", i.e. In other words, the honoree and his family were granted access to social life at the Fürstenhof .
The abolition of the title was based on the constitution of the German Reich of 1919 , which stipulated in Article 109 Paragraph 4: “Titles may only be awarded if they denote an office or a profession; Academic degrees are not affected by this. ”Nonetheless, the national governments continued to award the title to a considerable extent (in Bavaria alone in the years 1920 to 1925 in 318 cases) and until 1928 in total.
In Austria there is the professional title of Kommerzialrat , this is still awarded.
Commerce Councils
The persons are listed with the data: first name, surname, life data, occupation or function and relevant place of activity, sorted by surname. The list is not complete.
- Abraham Adelsberger (1863–1940), toy manufacturer, Nuremberg
- Paul Arons (1861–1932), banker, Berlin
- Heinrich Aufhäuser (1842–1917), banker, Munich
- Hugo Auvera (1857–1918), entrepreneur, Hohenberg an der Eger
- Richard Ernst Abundius Avenarius (1840–1917), chemist and entrepreneur, Gau-Algesheim
- Ludwig Bassermann-Jordan (1869–1914), winemaker, Deidesheim
- Ludwig Bendit (?), Mirror manufacturer, Fürth
- Heinrich Berolzheimer (1836–1906), entrepreneur, honorary citizen of Fürth and Nuremberg
- Ignaz Bing (1840–1918), toy manufacturer, Nuremberg
- Stephan Bing (1880–1940), toy manufacturer, Nuremberg / London
- Max von Bleichert (1875–1947), large-scale industrial cable car and transport system construction, Leipzig
- Paul von Bleichert (1877–1938), large-scale industrial cable car and transport system construction, Leipzig
- Albert Boehringer (1861–1939), chemical and pharmaceutical entrepreneur, Nieder-Ingelheim
- Carl Bühring (1867–1915), wine merchant, Schwerin
- Franz Armand Buhl (1837–1896), politician and winemaker, Deidesheim
- William Martin Friedrich Busch (1867–1931), wagon construction entrepreneur, Bautzen
- Georg von Cölln (1837–1908), entrepreneur, President of the Chamber of Commerce, Hanover
- Adalbert Colsman (1839–1917), silk manufacturer, philanthropist, Langenberg / Rhineland
- Friedrich Conradty (1858–1909), manufacturer, Nuremberg, founder of various social institutions (kindergarten, children's home, town hall, ev. Church, schoolhouse, electrical lighting, train station, sports field and hall, post office, waterworks, library, etc.)
- Heinrich Ritter von Dall'Armi , founder of the Munich community center
- Carl Degenkolb (1796–1862), entrepreneur and politician, Eilenburg
- Franz Hermann Egells (1828–1885), machine manufacturer, Berlin
- Louis Eichborn (1812–1882), banker, Breslau
- Louis Eilers (1844–1917), entrepreneur, manufacturer, senator, Hanover
- Max Elb (1851–1925), entrepreneur, first honorary chairman of the Dresden Jewish Community
- Albert Erbslöh (1848–1912), founder of a brewery in Eisenach
- Wilhelm Euler (1847–1934), entrepreneur, Bensheim
- Otto Ficker (1859–1928), entrepreneur, manufacturer and honorary citizen, Kirchheim / Teck
- Friedrich Paul Fikentscher (1861–1924), stoneware manufacturer, protagonist of the Horch and Audi plants, Zwickau / Saxony
- Wilhelm von Finck (1848–1924), banker, Munich
- Fritz von Friedlaender-Fuld (1858–1917), large industrialist, Berlin
- Friedrich Funke (1854–1920), industrialist, Essen
- Carl Julius Gebauhr (1809–1881), piano maker in Königsberg i. Pr.
- Wilhelm Girardet (1838–1918), printer and publisher, Lennep
- Moritz Gottschalk (1913–1939), textile manufacturer, Kassel
- Peter Grah (?), Manufacturer, Hemer
- Louis Gutjahr (1847–1919), pioneer of navigation on the Rhine
- Friedrich Haas († 1900), entrepreneur, President of the Chamber of Commerce, Dillenburg
- Georg Haindl (1881–1958), paper manufacturer, Augsburg
- Arnold Wilhelm Hardt (1843–1897), entrepreneur, Lennep
- Ernst Heckel (1861–1949), wire rope manufacturer, Saarbrücken
- Jakob Heilmann (1846–1927), building contractor, Munich
- Fritz Henkel (1848–1930), chemical manufacturer, Düsseldorf
- Georg Johann Höllfritsch (1884–1929) entrepreneur, Nuremberg and Munich
- Franz Hoffmann (1844–1920), building contractor, Ludwigshafen
- Leberecht Hoffmann (1863–1928), industrialist and entrepreneur, Bad Salzuflen
- Anton Holzhey (1875–1945), paper manufacturer, Schongau
- Georg Howaldt (1841–1909), shipyard entrepreneur, Kiel
- Otto Hüglin (1857–1943), Kurhaus and hotel owner, St. Blasien
- Viktor Hutschenreuther (1854–1907), porcelain manufacturer, Selb
- Johann Konrad Jacobi (1715–1788), businessman and manufacturer, Düsseldorf
- Andreas Ludwig (André Louis) Jassoy (1719–1783), merchant and cloth manufacturer, Hanau
- Gustav August Jung (1824–1904), ironworks entrepreneur, Laasphe-Amalienhütte
- Gustav Jung (1859–1929), ironworks entrepreneur, Neuhütte, Dillkreis
- Carl Kaiser (1859–1945) owner of the Steigerwald & Kaiser department store chain , Leipzig
- Josef Kaiser (1862–1950) founder of Kaiser's Coffee Shop GmbH
- Friedrich Kammerer (1796–1857), inventor and manufacturer, Ludwigsburg
- Kurt Klamroth (* 1872; † 1947), businessman, Halberstadt
- Johannes Klasing (1846–1927), publisher, Bielefeld
- Paul Kracht (1863–1959), linen manufacturer, Lemgo
- Heinrich Adolf Kraemer (1798–1876), large industrialist (ironworks owner) in Trier-Quint
- Max Krause (1838–1913), paper industrialist, Berlin
- Oskar Ludwig Kummer (1848–1912), engineer and entrepreneur , Dresden
- Max Kuntze (1846–1917), banker, Dresden / Niederlößnitz
- Max Kustermann (1825–1901), iron foundry owner, Munich
- Georg Leinfelder (1836–1916), manufacturer, Schrobenhausen
- Alfred Ley (1873–1945), automobile pioneer, Arnstadt
- Eduard Ley (1841–1925), entrepreneur, director of the Ludwig Railway, Fürth
- Johann Heinrich Linck (the Younger) (1734–1807), pharmacist and naturalist, Leipzig
- Louis Link (1827–1889), entrepreneur, Heilbronn
- Johann Friedrich Lochner (1798–1886), cloth manufacturer in Aachen
- Hans Lohnert (1867–1941), businessman, Berlin / Fürth
- Hermann Löwenherz (1854–1916), manufacturer in Lauenförde and Amelith, appointed in 1908
- Robert Lonnes (1843–1925), textile manufacturer and sponsor of numerous charitable organizations, Neuss am Rhein
- Arthur Lossow (1849–1943), businessman and textile entrepreneur, Glauchau
- August Lütgenau (? –1918), entrepreneur, cloth manufacturer in Hückeswagen
- Karl Luckemeyer (1801–1875), knight pp, businessman, member of the board of directors, director, after 1848/1849 Vice Mayor of Düsseldorf, 1852/53 he was appointed royal councilor of commerce
- Christian Ludwig Maag (1853–1924) textile manufacturer, Ebingen
- Ernst Mayer (1850–1922) envelope manufacturer, Heilbronn
- Franz Xaver Meiller (1852–1935), industrialist, Munich
- Carl Wilhelm Gottlob Meuschel (?), Wine merchant and winemaker, Würzburg
- Sigmund Meyer (1840–1911), Hanoverian banker, appointed in 1870
- Heinrich Carl Müller (1791–1876), textile manufacturer, Hirschfelde
- Carl Leopold Netter (1864–1922), industrialist and elder of the merchants, Berlin
- Albert Niethammer junior (1857–1910), industrialist, Kriebstein
- Hugo Oberhummer (?), Businessman, Munich
- Rudolf Arthur Pastor (1828–1892), needle manufacturer, Burtscheid
- Lina Pfaff (1854–1929), entrepreneur, Kaiserslautern
- Fritz Pretzfelder (1878–1961), entrepreneur, Spiegelau crystal glass factory
- August Pschorr (1862–1935), entrepreneur, Munich
- Georg Theodor Pschorr (1865–1949), entrepreneur, Munich
- Wilhelm von Puscher (?), Businessman, Nuremberg
- Georg Christof Reinhart (1838–1899); Leather manufacturer in Worms , Hessian commercial councilor
- Sigmund Riefler (1847–1912), inventor and designer of precision pendulum clocks, Munich
- Sebastian Riegele (1876–1947), beer brewer, Augsburg
- Gustav Rostosky (1839–1898), paper manufacturer, Niederschlema
- Julius Ludwig Rothermundt (1827–1890), Russian industrialist
- Wilhelm Röseler (approx. 1835–1925), 1876–1921 owner of the gold and silver manufacture Thiele und Steinert, founded in 1693, Freiberg in Saxony, Berlin
- Otto Rüger (1831–1905), chocolate manufacturer, Dresden Lockwitzgrund and Bodenbach (Bohemia)
- Ernst Sachs (1867–1932), entrepreneur, Schweinfurt
- Karl Scheufelen (1823–1902), entrepreneur, Oberlenningen
- Georg Schiffer (?), Entrepreneur, Hirschau
- Carl Schill (1862–1944), entrepreneur and gymnast from Rheinhessen, Osthofen
- Franz Schlobach (1824–1907), entrepreneur, Leipzig
- Carl Hugo Schmeil (1852–1923), art paper manufacturer, Dresden
- Christian Schmidmer (?), Entrepreneur, Nuremberg
- Max Schmidt (1869–1953), entrepreneur, Müllrose ( Müllroser Mühle )
- Karl Schmitz – Scholl (1868–1933), entrepreneur, Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Jean Schoen (1825–1887), textile manufacturer, Kaiserslautern
- Franz Schoenfeld (1834–1911), industrialist, Düsseldorf
- Anton Josef Schreiner (1884–1946), founder of the rosary industry, papal purveyor to the court, Schwandorf
- Bernhard Schuchardt (1855–1913), factory owner, founder of the machine tool factory Schuchardt & Schütte in Berlin, Kgl. Norwegian Consul General, Berlin
- Sigmund Schuckert (1846–1895), inventor, Nuremberg
- Alfred H. Schütte (1854–1936), founder of the company of the same name
- Gustav Schwanhäußer (1840–1908), pencil manufacturer, Nuremberg
- Ludwig Schwartz (1785–1864), textile manufacturer, Bocholt
- Konrad Schwarz (1848–1910), mirror manufacturer, Fürth
- Ludwig Seißer (1866–1936), entrepreneur, Würzburg and Munich
- Georg Seitz (?), Businessman, Nuremberg
- Josef Selmayr (1851–1909), entrepreneur, Bogenhausen
- Theobald Simon (1847–1924), entrepreneur and brewer, Bitburg
- Theodor Wilhelm Simon (1861–1940), leather manufacturer, Kirn
- Friedrich Adolf Soergel (1875–1952), textile manufacturer, Regnitzlosau
- Carl Soldan (?), Pharmacist, Munich, Fürth
- Julius Spiegelberg (1833–1897), entrepreneur, Braunschweig and Vechelde
- Karl Steinbart (1852–1923), German banker and art collector, Berlin
- Max Steinthal (1850–1940), banker, Berlin
- Franz Stockbauer (1853–1938), entrepreneur, Passau
- Heinrich Stollwerck (1843–1915), chocolate producer, Cologne
- Ludwig Stollwerck (1857–1922), chocolate producer, Cologne
- Carl Gustav Talbot (1829–1899), wagon manufacturer, Aachen
- Paul Albert Thorer (1858–1920), tobacco shop, Leipzig
- Johann von Thys (1715–1773), fine cloth manufacturer and farmer in Klagenfurt am Wörthersee
- Thomas Völk (1853–1926), metal toy manufacturer, Fürth
- Robert Vollmöller (1849–1911), textile manufacturer ( Vollmoeller AG ), Stuttgart
- Karl Wassermann (1850-1915). Alcohol manufacturer, Munich
- Ludwig Wassermann (1885–1941), alcohol manufacturer, Munich
- Johann Baptist Weyermann (* 1853), entrepreneur, Bamberg
- Edmund Weyland (1881–1929), textile merchant, Passau
- Theodor Wieseler (1859–1924), glass and porcelain merchant, Nuremberg
- Johann Baptist Winklhofer (1859–1949), German mechanic , machine and car manufacturer
- Johann Friedrich Ludwig Wöhlert (1797–1877), machine and locomotive manufacturer, Berlin
- Klemens Wohlgeschaffen (1866–1945), banker, Mering
- Rudolf Ernst Wolf (1831–1910), machine manufacturer, Buckau and Magdeburg
- Johann Heinrich Zedler (1706–1751), publisher
- Georg Zimmermann (1854–1920), entrepreneur and mayor of the city of Zirndorf
- Heinrich Biagosch (1855–1924), entrepreneur, Leipzig
Secret Commerce Councils
The persons are listed with the data: first name, surname, life data, occupation or function and relevant place of activity, sorted by surname. The list is not complete.
- Eduard Adt (1850–1919) factory owner, mayor and member of the German Reichstag, Saarbrücken, Ensheim
- Hermann Aust (1853–1943), entrepreneur, Munich and Hamburg
- Fritz Baare (1855–1917), industrialist, Bochum
- Louis Baare (1821–1897), industrialist and politician, Bochum
- August Bagel (1838–1916), printing entrepreneur and local politician, Düsseldorf
- Philipp Barthels (1838–1906), entrepreneur, textile manufacturer, Barmen
- Friedrich Bayer (1851–1920), entrepreneur Head of Friedrich Bayer & Co, Elberfeld
- Heinrich Christian Bestehorn (1831–1907), paper manufacturer and entrepreneur, Aschersleben
- Ignaz Bing (1840–1918), toy manufacturer, Nuremberg
- Johann Arnold Bischoff (1796–1871), cloth manufacturer and president of the commercial court in Aachen
- Robert Böker (1843–1912), businessman and local politician, Remscheid
- Carl Bolle (1832–1910), milk merchant, Berlin
- Ernst Borsig (1869–1933), industrialist, chairman of the Association of German Employers' Associations, Berlin
- Otto Braunfels (1841–1917), German banker, patron and liberal politician
- August Briegleb (1840–1923), industrialist, entrepreneur and founder (Briegleb Foundation), Gotha
- Friedrich Wilhelm Brökelmann (1799–1890), businessman and entrepreneur, Arnsberg
- Adolph Brougier (1844–1934), entrepreneur, Munich native
- Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Büxenstein (1857–1924), printer, publisher and sports official, Berlin
- Josef Cremer (1845–1938), owner of the Thier & Co brewery, Dortmund, an important art collector and patron
- Carl Albrecht Delius (1827–1915), silk goods manufacturer, Bielefeld
- Christian Heinrich Theodor Rudolph Diesel (1857–1938), chairman of the Augsburg Chamber of Commerce and Industry
- Johann Baptist Doerr (1811–1892), industrialist in Worms
- Curt Elschner (1876–1963), hotel owner, Berlin
- Julius Erbslöh II. (1842–1929), manufacturer, wholesale merchant, patron and member of the state parliament in Barmen
- Oskar Erckens (1824–1901), cloth manufacturer in Aachen and Grevenbroich
- August Ertheiler (1863–1960), spirits manufacturer, Nuremberg
- Carl Funke (1855–1912), industrialist and city councilor in Essen
- Ludwig von Gerngros (1839–1916), entrepreneur, Nuremberg
- Ludwig Max Goldberger (1848–1913), banker and economic politician, Berlin
- Horace Günzburg (also "Naphtali Herz Günzburg", 1833–1909), Russian banker and member of the Günzburg Jewish-Russian merchant and banker family .
- Rudolf Haas (1843–1916), managing partner and entrepreneur, Sinn
- Eugen de Haën (1835–1911), chemist and entrepreneur, Hanover
- Emil Haldy (1826–1901), local politician and industrialist, Saarbrücken
- Engelbert Hardt (1847–1919), industrialist and wholesale merchant, Berlin
- Gustav Hartmann (1842–1910), industrialist and entrepreneur, Chemnitz
- Karl Gustav Henneberg (1847–1918), silk manufacturer in Zurich
- Carl Oscar Henschel (1837–1894), industrialist and entrepreneur, Kassel
- Christian Heinrich Hornschuch (1838–1912), textile manufacturer, Fürth / Forchheim
- Hermann Hoffbauer (1819 –1884), carpet manufacturer, Berlin, Potsdam
- Johann Georg Karl (called: Hans) Humbser (1860–1926), brewery director, Fürth
- Carl August Jung († 1911), textile manufacturer, Wuppertal
- Arthur Junghans (1852–1920), watch manufacturer, Schramberg
- Jakob Kienzle (1859–1935), industrialist and entrepreneur, Schwenningen
- Adolph Kirdorf (1845–1923), coal and steel industrialist in Aachen and Luxembourg
- Friedrich Alfred Krupp (1854–1902), industrialist and politician, Essen
- Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Kühn (1858–1924), printer and publisher, Berlin
- Karl Friedrich von Kulmiz (1809–1874), industrialist and entrepreneur, Silesia
- Franz August Kümpers (1839–1912), textile manufacturer, Rheine
- Carl Ladenburg (1827–1909), banker, Mannheim
- Johann Carl Lahusen (1858–1921), wool manufacturer and entrepreneur, Delmenhorst
- Theodor Lechner (1852–1932) entrepreneur, Munich
- Moritz Leiffmann (1853–1921), private banker, local politician and writer, Düsseldorf
- Adolf Leupold (1852–1931), chemist, manufacturer and local politician, Arnstadt
- Carl Leverkus (1804–1889), chemist and chemical entrepreneur, namesake of the city of Leverkusen
- Albert von Melchior (1844–1913), manufacturer from Nürtingen in Württemberg
- Louis Merck (1854–1913), chemist and entrepreneur, Darmstadt
- Willy Merck (1860–1932), chemist and entrepreneur, Darmstadt
- Gerhard Lucas Meyer (1830–1916), industrialist, Peine - Ilsede
- Alfred Nathan (1870–1922), lawyer and philanthropist, Fürth
- Julius Neumann (1844–1928), publisher and printer, Neudamm / Neumark
- Eduard Neviandt (1819–1887), manufacturer, Elberfeld
- Hugo Oppenheim (1847–1921), banker, Berlin
- Gottfried Ostendorff (1812–1876), manufacturer, Königsberg / East Prussia
- Heinrich Otto (1820–1906), manufacturer, Wendlingen / Neckar
- Wilhelm Overbeck (1798–1882), brewer, coal and steel entrepreneur, Dortmund, Neheim-Hüsten
- Gottfried Pastor (1809–1899), wool manufacturer, Aachen
- Julius Karl Pintsch (1847–1912), entrepreneur, Berlin
- Carl Poensgen (1838–1921), industrialist, Düsseldorf
- Gustav Poensgen (1824–1904), industrialist, Düsseldorf
- Constantin Alexander Scharff (1816–1900), entrepreneur, Frankfurt
- Leopold Scheibler (1799–1881), freight forwarding and transport company
- Leopold Schoeller (1792–1884), entrepreneur Düren and Silesia
- Franz Maria Schweitzer (1722–1812), merchant and banker, Frankfurt / Main
- Gabriel von Sedlmayr (1850–1931), entrepreneur, Munich
- Michael-Philipp Seißer (1854–1943), entrepreneur, Würzburg
- Gustav Selve (1842–1909), entrepreneur, Altena (Westphalia)
- August Servaes (1832–1923), industrialist, Dortmund
- Gustav von Siegle (1840–1905), industrialist from Württemberg, Kornwestheim
- Carl Soldan (1871–1931), Franconian pharmacist, medical advisor and candy manufacturer, Nuremberg
- Carl Spindler (1841–1902), entrepreneur, Berlin
- Julius Spohn (1841–1919), Württemberg patron, textile and cement entrepreneur
- Heinrich Staude (1850–1936), leather manufacturer, Grabow in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
- Georg Talbot (1864–1948), railway engineer and manufacturer, Aachen
- Julius The Losen (1812–1882), cloth manufacturer and President of the Eupen Chamber of Commerce
- Johann Georg Heinrich Uhle (?), Wine merchant, Schwerin
- Joseph Vögele (1852–1928), entrepreneur, Mannheim
- Friedrich Vohwinkel (1840–1900), entrepreneur, Gelsenkirchen
- Friedrich Wilke (1829–1908), hat manufacturer, Guben
- Hermann Windesheim (1838–1905), industrialist, Erfurt
- Louis Wittig (1834–1907), malt coffee manufacturer, Köthen
- Eugen Zentz (1870–?), Munich?
See also
literature
- Marita Krauss (Ed.): The Bavarian Kommerzienräte - A German business elite from 1880 to 1928 . Volk Verlag, Munich 2016, ISBN 978-3-86222-216-2 .
Web links
Commons : Kommerzienrat - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Kommerzienrat - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Individual evidence
- ↑ footnote 12 , www.bundesarchiv.de.
- ↑ Oskar Gromodka: Egells, Franz Anton. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 323 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ German Biographical Yearbook. Transition Volume 2: 1917-1920 .
- ↑ Award. In: Teplitz-Schönauer Anzeiger , February 19, 1898, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Obituary for August Lütgenau. In: Bergische Volkszeitung , June 19, 1918. Here he bears the title “Royal Kommerzienrat”.
- ↑ Peter Schulze : Meyer, (11) Sigmund. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , p. 441.
- ↑ Bernhard Schuchardt . In: Yearbook of the Shipbuilding Society . tape 15 . Julius Springer, Berlin 1914, p. 104-106 .
- ↑ Hans-Heinrich Müller: Wöhlert - a pioneer of mechanical engineering . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 3, 1996, ISSN 0944-5560 , p. 16-19 ( luise-berlin.de ).
- ↑ List of German automobile owners 1909 p. 192. Accessed January 30, 2020 .
- ↑ 500 years chronicle of the Kühn family . Verlag Reinhold Kühn, 1914, p. 79.