Torment

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Peine
Torment
Map of Germany, position of the city of Peine highlighted

Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′  N , 10 ° 14 ′  E

Basic data
State : Lower Saxony
County : Torment
Height : 68 m above sea level NHN
Area : 119.66 km 2
Residents: 49,990 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 418 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 31224, 31226, 31228
Primaries : 05171, 05176 , 05177Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : PE
Community key : 03 1 57 006

City administration address :
Kantstrasse 5
31224 Peine
Website : www.peine01.de
Mayor : Klaus Saemann ( SPD )
Location of the town of Peine in the Peine district
Hohenhameln Ilsede Lengede Vechelde Peine Wendeburg Edemissen Landkreis Peine Niedersachsen Braunschweig Landkreis Gifhorn Landkreis Wolfenbüttel Salzgitter Landkreis Hildesheim Region Hannovermap
About this picture

Peine ( Low German Paane ; early New High German Peina ; Latin Poynum, Castrum Bognum, Boyanum Castrum ) is a town and an independent municipality in northern Germany in Lower Saxony . The city, founded around 1220, has 49,990 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019). It is the county seat of the eponymous district . The city is best known for its steel industry . Even today, Peiner or Peiner Träger is a synonym for wide-flanged steel girders in the construction industry .

geography

location

Peine is located in the Geest landscape between Hanover and Braunschweig, the so-called Burgdorf-Peiner Geest , to which the Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Lößbörde connects to the south of the city . The foot flows through it . Today, Peine is also between the two largest regional centers in Lower Saxony, the state capital Hanover , 40 kilometers to the west, and Braunschweig, 25 kilometers to the east . Other larger cities in the vicinity are Hildesheim , Salzgitter , Gifhorn , Wolfsburg and Celle .

Its central location between Hanover, Braunschweig and Hildesheim made Peine popular with the surrounding rulers since it was founded, which is why the city was involved in numerous disputes. The city has an area of ​​119.51 km² and thus a population density of 417 inhabitants per km². Its height above sea level is around 70 meters above sea ​​level .

Average precipitation values ​​from Peine 1961–1990

climate

Peine lies within the temperate latitudes in the transition area between oceanic and continental areas.

City structure

The town of Peine has 14 districts : Berkum, Dungelbeck, Duttenstedt, Eixe, Essinghausen, Handorf, Röhrse, Rosenthal, Schmedenstedt, Schwicheldt, Stederdorf, Vöhrum / Landwehr, Wendesse and Woltorf. Around 24,600 inhabitants live in these districts.

Around 26,000 people live in the city center itself. It consists of nine statistical districts :

Districts of Peine
Statistical
district
District Residents
241 Berkum 294
225 Dungelbeck 1813
215 Duttenstedt 1005
253 Eixe 633
217 Essinghausen 1790
231 Handorf 875
255 Tube 250
243 Rosenthal 1059
223 Schmedenstedt 971
245 Schwicheldt 1318
211 Stederdorf 5544
251 Vöhrum  / Landwehr 6881
213 Wendesse 165
221 Woltorf 1983
Districts 24,581
Core city 26,080
City of Peine 50,661
Statistical districts of the core city of Peine
No. Statistical district Residents
101 Downtown 4157
111 Maschland 2186
121 Gunzelin Field 6861
131 Rolling mill 1193
141 Südstadt 7322
151 Simon Foundation 233
161 Southern floodplain 858
171 Telgte 3318
181 Northern floodplain / Herzberg 6th
Core city 26,080

history

The foundation

The Schlossberg Peine with the former moat of the castle with casemate , Eskarpemauer and bridge, in the background the district court Peine

A document from 1130 mentions Berthold von Pagin for the first time, who was a ministerial of the Roman-German King Lothar III. (1075-1137) was. Presumably he had Peine Castle built during this time. The exact year the castle was founded can no longer be determined due to the lack of documents, so that it could have been built earlier.

It remains unclear whether the name Peines was derived from this Pagin or, conversely, the personal name derives from the city name. The Indo-European research has partly moved the place name to a much older epoch and language class. The Middle High German form Pagin (1154; next to it also early Pain , 1143) has been assessed as evidence of the “ north-west block” hypothesis, which Hans Kuhn first put forward in 1959. In view of the p-initials, which is unusual for Germanic, the name is dated to pre-Germanic times and is linked to primitive Germanic fakin- "fish weir " and the underlying Urindo-European * pag- or * peh₂ǵ- "fasten". The name would then be related to Latin pango "to fasten", pagus "Gau, Gauburg" and pagina "with other papyrus strips bound together, book page" as well as Greek πάγος ( págos ) "summit, rock hill, frost, hoarfrost" and πάχνη ( páchnē ) "hoarfrost ".

Founder Gunzelin von Wolfenbüttel , bronze statue in the pedestrian zone

For the year 1202 the Chronicon Hildesheimense reports on a feud between the bishop Hartbert von Hildesheim and the brothers Ekbert and Gunzelin von Wolfenbüttel (* around 1170 - † February 2, 1255), the last a servant and general of Emperor Otto IV. (* Around 1175–19 May 1218). Gunzelin emerged victorious from this feud and was enfeoffed with the castle and county of Peine by Bishop Hartbert.

On a headland south of this castle he founded the actual city of Peine around 1220, probably as early as 1218. Peine has had city ​​rights since 1223 . Among other things, the Peiner coat of arms goes back to that of Gunzelins . In 1256 Duke Albrecht von Braunschweig-Lüneburg conquered the city. After the death of their father, Gunzelin's sons lost the Peine fief as early as 1260 to the Hildesheim Monastery ; Otto I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Bishop of Hildesheim , gave the castle, town and county of Peine to Count Wedekind of Poppenburg as a fief. As a result, Peine finally belonged to the sphere of influence of the Diocese of Hildesheim and at the same time became a market place .

From 1260 Peine had the right to mint and was, with interruptions, a mint in Hildesheim until 1428 . 1954 and 1956 were in Peine (in Stederdorfer street and on Horstweg) two of the largest medieval silver treasures in Germany found. There are 95 flat, round and partly halved silver bars, some of which are the size of a palm. The total weight of the two finds is 7.5 kilograms. The silver pieces were probably minted in the 14th century. Some show the coats of arms of Hildesheim and Hanover, the Brunswick lion and other coins that have not yet been assigned. The find is an indication that the city was doing well economically at the time and that the merchants of Peine had a lot of influence.

Hildesheim collegiate feud

Peine Castle 1521, 19th century engraving, Herzog August Bibliothek

In 1518 the Hildesheim collegiate feud began , which was to last until 1523 and which suffered particularly from the torment. For several years there had been disputes between the city and the Hildesheim bishop over additional taxes and rights pledged to the nobility. In January 1518, Bishop Johannes IV of Hildesheim allied himself with Duke Heinrich I of Lüneburg-Celle against Bishop Franz von Minden and Duke Erich I of Calenberg . The open battle began in 1519. In June of the same year there was finally the first siege of Peine. After the first attack, the southern part of the city burned down, later the whole city was in flames, but the castle was held. In total, the Peiner Burg was besieged three times for a few months each time. The second siege took place in the autumn of 1521, the third in the summer of 1522. Although Peine Castle could be defended every time - the so-called “Owl's Nest” was described as impregnable - it did not survive the attacks unscathed. “By God's grace and help alone, the house held torment”.

In July 1967, while work on laying a district heating line on the market square, people came across human skulls and bones, and fallen and buried Braunschweig mercenaries who had stormed the castle in vain in the collegiate feud in 1521.

The conclusion of peace through the “Quedlinburg Recess ” in May 1523 meant that the Hildesheim bishop only had the “small pen”, to which Peine also belonged. Since Bishop Johann had to pay for the war costs , Peine became the property of the city of Hildesheim in 1526 . After the death of Hans Wildefüer , Hildesheim's mayor and leader of the Catholic party, the city council of Hildesheim decided on August 27, 1542 to follow Lutheran teachings. Since the city of Hildesheim was still Peine's lien holder, the Reformation was also carried out in Peine . In 1553 Peine was returned to the Hildesheim Bishopric .

City fires

On March 18, 1510 there was a fire in the city, in which a large part of the city was destroyed. It was said: “de stat, de kerke unde de vörborch to Peine al ut in ver hours”: The town, the church and the outer bailey were destroyed by flames in four hours.

On May 15, 1557 there was another devastating fire in the town, in which the town hall and the parish church of St. Jacobi on the market square were destroyed. All of the city's documents were destroyed. The history of Peine before 1600 can therefore be reconstructed almost exclusively from documents from Hildesheim and Braunschweig.

In 1592 another 66 houses burned down.

The Thirty-Year War

Peine Castle, 1675
Bird's-eye view of the castle and town, 1725

The Thirty Years' War first spread to what is now Lower Saxony in 1623, which led to preparations for combat operations in Peine by stationing a Hildesheim company. The ramparts and the moat were repaired. From 1625 the first fighting took place in the Hildesheimer Stiftsgebiet , in August 1626 Peine was occupied for a short time by the Danish troops of King Christian IV . Count von Tilly besieged Peine and took it in August 1626 before Tilly struck Christian at Lutter am Barenberge . Tilly moved his headquarters to Peine by the summer of 1627, which meant additional protection for the city. He also left Peine's Protestant denomination.

In 1629 the imperial edict of restitution was issued, which was supposed to enforce the Counter Reformation . In that year Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld also came on the imperial commission; he stayed until he was murdered. The citizens of Peine had the choice of accepting the Catholic faith or of leaving the city within three months. Numerous citizens left Peine. They had previously had to sell their property.

In 1632 there were alternating occupations by Swedish and Catholic troops in Peine, whereupon Duke Friedrich Ulrich of Braunschweig and Lüneburg was asked for help and was recognized as a liege lord. In the summer of 1633 Peine was besieged again and finally conquered by Wolfenbüttel troops with reinforcements from Goslar and Hildesheim on July 28, 1633. A few days later, Peine was handed over to Duke Friedrich Ulrich. The Counter-Reformation ended with the capture by Protestant troops, and most of the religious refugees of 1628 returned. In 1637 August the Younger, Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , had fortifications built again. Until 1642, the Great Hildesheim Monastery was under Brunswick control. In 1642 peace was made with the " Goslar Accord ", the Guelphs returned the city of Peine to the bishopric. Apart from further billeting in Peine and payments demanded by Hildesheim, the war for the now bankrupt Peine was over.

Plan of the city of Peine in 1785, Herzog August Bibliothek

18th century

In 1756 the Seven Years War broke out between France and Great Britain in the colonies . Peine was drawn into the conflict through the alliances on both sides. In 1757 and 1758 it was occupied by the French. Until 1763, Peine had to support the warring parties - both the French and Braunschweig - with money and labor (including building a fortress). At the end of the war, Hildesheim Abbey was heavily in debt.

After the French Revolution in 1789, Prussia and Austria allied against France in 1792 . Thereupon Prussian troops marched through Peine in 1792 and 1793. In 1802 the Hildesheim monastery area was occupied by the Prussians, and a year later Peine became a Prussian city. The ecclesiastical principalities lost their power due to the secularization in the course of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss .

19th century

The old town hall from 1827 on the market square

The formerly contested castle Peine became dilapidated due to the deterioration of the building structure. Dismantling began in 1803, and the last building was finally demolished in 1816. In addition, since further repairs to the town hall were no longer worthwhile, this building was also sold for demolition in 1827 for 240 Reichstaler and a new town hall was built in the same place on the market square - partly with the old stones.

As a result of the defeat of Prussia at Jena and Auerstedt in 1806, Peine fell to the Kingdom of Westphalia under Jérôme Bonaparte . Therefore the administration was redesigned according to the French model. After the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig in 1813, however, this kingdom dissolved again. On May 1, 1815, Peine, which at that time was a small agricultural town with 2,300 inhabitants, became part of the Kingdom of Hanover . After the German War of 1866 , Hanover was annexed by Prussia. Peine was now part of a Prussian province.

The city flourished with the industrialization that began in the second half of the 19th century , triggered by the establishment of the Peiner Walzwerk in 1872.

Rise of the economy

Interior shot of the Peiner rolling mill from 1906, postcard
The elevated railway, built in 1911, to transport pig iron from the iron and steel works in Ilsede to Peine.

From the middle of the 19th century , the town of Peine, which until then had been predominantly agricultural , began to transform into an industrial location. The Hanover – Peine – Braunschweig railway line was completed as early as 1844 , because the railway connection was hoped for an economic upswing. After an iron ore deposit was discovered in Groß Bülten near Ilsede in 1855 , the Ilseder Hütte was founded in 1858, an ironworks . This pig iron supplier was an important prerequisite for the further development of Peine. In 1872 the Peiner Walzwerk public limited company was founded in close cooperation . The newly built rolling mill started operations in 1873, but suffered for the first few years from the beginning economic crisis .

In order to secure the future of the iron industry , Gerhard Lucas Meyer operated the merger of the ironworks and rolling mill in 1880. The aim was to build a Thomas steelworks to refine the phosphorus-rich Ilseder iron. Ilseder iron refined by the Thomas process became everywhere competitive as Peiner Stahl. As a result, Peine grew rapidly, and by 1891 two more rolling mills were opened. Due to the economic growth and the associated influx of people, the city grew and prospered.

20th and 21st centuries

Monument to the synagogue of Peine

The economic boom of the previous century was interrupted by the First World War. Peine was not directly affected by combat operations, but the German inflation from 1914 to 1923 and the Great Depression made the city's economy harder. Nevertheless, a further expansion of the infrastructure could take place. So the power supply was established from 1919 to 1922, and from 1921 to 1929 the construction of the Mittelland Canal for the coal transport of the economy took place. In 1935 and 1936, the current Federal Motorway 2 was built. During the “ Reichspogromnacht ” on November 10, 1938, the 1907 synagogue in Bodenstedtstrasse was set on fire and destroyed. Hans Marburger, son of a Jewish merchant, was gunned down and burned in the building. In his honor, part of the street was later renamed Hans-Marburger-Straße. The central memorial is located on the site of the former synagogue, where wreaths are laid every year on the anniversary of the “Reichspogromnacht”.

During the Second World War , the rolling mill used for armaments production and the neighboring mineral oil works were bombed several times, with a total of around 50 deaths. Reconstruction lasted until 1951. On April 9, 1945, Pein's city center was attacked with light bombs, which resulted in deaths and damage to buildings. The following day, the city was surrendered to American troops without a fight. This made it possible to avoid major sacrifices and destruction.

Shortly after the Allies marched into Peine, a loaded ammunition train exploded on the Fuhsebrücke in mid-May 1945. Windows in the city broke and roof tiles were pushed off the roofs. The Allies arrested the railroad worker on suspicion of sabotage. But he was soon released.

In 1945 the Allied occupation authorities had the collection point for messages about drivers of motor vehicles , a predecessor of the Federal Motor Transport Authority , founded in Berlin in 1934 , relocated to Peine, only to have it relocated to Bielefeld the following year . Later, the Bielefeld collection point for news about motor vehicles and motor vehicle drivers moved under the new name of the Federal Motor Transport Authority to Flensburg - Mürwik , where the authority is still located today.

In 1946 Lower Saxony was formed as part of the British zone of occupation . From then on, Peine belonged to the Hildesheim administrative district . Because of the large number of refugees, the city recorded a population increase of around 10,000 between 1939 and 1950. At the time of the economic miracle , many urban projects and road construction were carried out. As a result of the 1974 regional reform , 14 previously independent villages and communities were incorporated. Peine then belonged to the Braunschweig administrative district until the district was dissolved on December 31, 2004 as part of a state-wide administrative reform.

The Peiner electric steelworks, 2004

The steel crisis in 1975 resulted in the decline of a number of industrial companies in Peine. More than 10,000 of 23,000 jobs were lost. The Ilseder blast furnaces were shut down in 1983. The city of Peine threatened to lose its economic livelihood. Jobs were shed well into the 1980s, and there was a change in industry to future-oriented sectors (see Chapter 5.2 Economy). The steel industry was able to recover, even if not as many workers are employed in the steelworks today as in the heyday of Peiner Stahl. The Salzgitter AG built the Peiner work in November 1994 to one of the most modern electric steel plants in Europe at ( Peiner carrier GmbH ). The construction of a second electric furnace by Salzgitter AG in the course of 2008/2009 underlined this claim.

In 1995 Peine hosted the cultural festival Day of the Braunschweigische Landschaft and in 2000 the state festival Day of Lower Saxony .

On September 1st, 2012 the Women's Council of Lower Saxony opened the FrauenORT Hertha Peters in Peine . Hertha Peters was 1964-1972 district administrator of the district of Peine, the first district administrator in Lower Saxony.

From August 28th to 30th, 2015, Peine hosted the 18th  European Shooting Festival , an event of the European Community of Historical Shooting .

Incorporations

On March 1, 1974, in the course of the regional reform of Lower Saxony, the communities Berkum, Dungelbeck, Duttenstedt (previously in the Braunschweig district ), Eixe, Essinghausen (previously in the Braunschweig district), Landwehr (previously in the Burgdorf district ), Röhrse (previously in the Burgdorf district) , Rosenthal, Schmedenstedt, Schwicheldt, Stederdorf, Vöhrum, Wendesse and Woltorf incorporated. Handorf was incorporated on July 1, 1968.

Development of the population

Development of the population from 1848 to 2016

25,088 people live in the core city of Peines, of whom 12,795 (51 percent) are female and 12,293 (49 percent) are male (as of July 31, 2015). 15.24 percent of them are foreigners. Most of the foreigners in Peine come from Turkey, then from Poland. The quota of employees subject to social security contributions is around 35.3 percent (data from 2007) and has remained relatively constant in recent years. The average age is around 44 years.

Around 47% of the residents are Evangelical Lutheran , 11.3% Roman Catholic . In addition to the two large churches, there is also a congregation of the Baptists , the Seventh-day Adventists , the Jehovah's Witnesses and the New Apostolic Church . People with a migration background now make up around 18% of the Peine population. People of the Muslim faith are at home in Peine and can be found in the mosques of DITIB and TAKVA, for example.

The rise of the economy in the second half of the 19th century led to rapid population growth from 3,823 inhabitants in 1852 to 15,421 inhabitants in 1900. Due to the influx of refugees after the Second World War, the city already had 28,918 inhabitants in 1954. The number of 49,893 after the territorial reform in 1974 has remained roughly the same to this day.

The following is an overview with the number of inhabitants according to the respective territorial status. Up to 1987 the results are mostly census results (¹), then official updates by the respective statistical offices or the city administration itself. From 1852 onwards, the information relates to the “local population”, from 1925 to the resident population and since 1987 to the “population at the location of the main residence ”.

year Residents
00.00.1848  2,996
12/03/1852 ¹ 3.823
December 3rd, 1864 ¹ 4,285
December 01, 1890 ¹ 10.115
12/02/1895 ¹ 12,600
December 01, 1900 ¹ 15,421
December 01, 1905 ¹ 16,500
December 01, 1910 ¹ 16,667
December 01, 1916 ¹ 14,110
December 5th, 1917 ¹ 14.092
10/08/1919 ¹ 16,014
06/16/1925 ¹ 17.111
06/16/1933 ¹ 17,763
year Residents
May 17, 1939 ¹ 18,292
October 29, 1946 ¹ 23,644
09/13/1950 ¹ 27,404
06/06/1961 ¹ 30,944
May 27, 1970 ¹ 31,226
December 31, 1975 49,450
December 31, 1980 47,591
May 25, 1987 ¹ 45,780
December 31, 1990 46,654
December 31, 1991 47,225
December 31, 1992 47,784
December 31, 1993 48.105
December 31, 1994 48.507
year Residents
December 31, 1995 49.024
December 31, 1996 49,285
December 31, 1997 49,256
December 31, 1998 49.201
December 31, 1999 49,354
December 31, 2000 49,494
December 31, 2001 49,499
December 31, 2002 49,583
12/31/2003 49,767
December 31, 2004 49,810
December 31, 2005 49,884
December 31, 2006 49,770
12/31/2007 49,516
year Residents
December 31, 2008 49,737
December 31, 2009 49,038
December 31, 2010 48,743
December 31, 2011 49.092
December 31, 2012 49,029
December 31, 2013 48,989
December 31, 2014 49,157
December 31, 2015 49,366
December 31, 2016 49,676
December 31, 2017 49.901
December 31, 2018 49,952
December 31, 2019
December 31, 2020

1  census result

The "Owl's Nest"

Peine is often called Owl City or as Eulennest , mundartlich Ulennest referred. There are several legends and sagas surrounding the owl . However, the origin of this symbolism in connection with Peine as a city has not been clearly established. It is possible that Peine Castle was called "Ulennest" because of the impassable and dangerous moors in the area and that is where the legends originated.

The most common aetiological derivation of the name is as follows: “A long time ago an owl settled on the guard tower of the outer bailey and began to build a nest under the roof. The crew gazed at the animal with open mouths and feared the unknown and terrifying creature. One tries to drive away the uninvited guest, but in vain, he keeps coming back. Finally you put fire in the tower, but the owl flies over to the city. The tormentors are not afraid, however, they take the stranger in good spirits and worship the owl as a guardian spirit. (Of course, clever people claim that the citizens of Peine also wanted to drive the strange newcomer away by fire and thereby cremated the whole city.) "

Another version of the explanatory legend reads as follows: An owl had chosen a barn as a hiding place. The servant noticed the animal fetching straw and was very frightened. Something similar happened to the citizen. Soon the entire neighborhood was gathered, but even a particularly brave man in armor is said to have been scared. It was then decided to burn down the barn, which brought great mockery to the city.

In fact, the owl was known to many times and different peoples as a messenger of bad luck, or at least surrounded by the shower of numinous . The character of the owl legend was therefore ironic and mocking. So - according to a contemporary mockery - you had to be careful not to come to a tormentor with "beer and wine" with the well-known owl, otherwise you risked a beating:

"If someone is perky, he'll be tormented,
and there go to the beer and wine,
ask her what the owl has done to him,
why she burned them.
And drink the last one with him,
if he comes out unbeaten again,
I
will pay him what he forgives inside, Duppelt as it is right. "

When Peine withstood several attempts at conquest in the course of the Hildesheim collegiate feud , the previous bad luck bringer was now credited with saving the city. The owl has now become a symbol of the city and a symbol of its civic pride. The wedding bowl from 1534 also suggests a positive meaning of the owl. The now changed legend wanted the owl not to frighten the tormentors, but on the contrary to protect them in the afflictions of their history. A characteristic expression of this reinterpretation of the owl is the dialect two-line “Peine was maket so solid, / dat de Ule blev sitten in'n Neste!” ( High German for example “Peine made so tight that the owl stayed in the nest!”), The can also be found on a house wall near the pedestrian zone. It belongs to a legend from the time of the collegiate feud, according to which the attackers were already messing around with ladders at the fortress when an owl, which had its nest nearby, sounded the alarm with its call. Like the Capitoline geese according to Roman legend, it is said to have woken the guards with their noise and thus prevented an attack by the enemy troops. The defenders were able to take a stand in good time and fend off the nocturnal Braunschweig 'visitors' (from history lessons at the Gunzelin secondary school in Peine and the grammar school in Groß Ilsede, story by a teacher).

The owl is still a popular symbol in Peine today, be it at events, on houses, in the form of statues or the like. The houses around the market square in particular, but also the Jakobi Church are decorated with owl symbols.

religion

View of the choir and transept of the new Jakobikirche, around 1904

Peine is the seat of an Evangelical Lutheran church district, it belongs to the Hildesheim-Göttingen district of the regional church of Hanover. The church district in the core town of Peine includes the St. Jakobi Church in the city center, built in its current form at the end of the 19th century, as well as the Friedenskirche in Gunzelinstrasse and the Martin Luther Church in the southern part of the city, both built in 1955. Furthermore, the St. John's Church from the post-war period on Telgte and the Horstkirche (St. Nicolai) in the Horst, a half-timbered chapel from the 18th century. Other Protestant churches and chapels are located in the districts of Berkum, Dungelbeck, Duttenstedt, Eixe, Essinghausen, Handorf, Röhrse, Rosenthal, Schmedenstedt, Schwicheldt, Stederdorf, Vöhrum and Woltorf.

St. Barbara Church in Telgte

The Catholic Church of the Holy Angels was built in 1867/68 at what is now Von-Ketteler-Platz and in 1923 the Sacred Heart Chapel in the southern part of the city, which has since been profaned, was added. Further churches were built after 1945 in today's districts of Dungelbeck , Stederdorf and Vöhrum , and in 1960 the St. Barbara Church in Telgter Friedhof on Vöhrumer Straße. There was an emergency chapel in Essinghausen. All Catholic churches in Peine today belong to the parish of the Holy Angels and to the deanery of Braunschweig.

The Christ Church on Rosenhagen belongs to the Evangelical Free Church Community of Peine ( Baptists ) . The community belongs to the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany. A New Apostolic Church is located in the Vöhrum district; their community belongs to the church district of Braunschweig. Another church was located at Spittastraße 5. The last service took place there on October 7, 2012, and in 2013/14 it was converted into a concert hall. The Advent community in Peine am Werderpark is part of the Seventh-day Adventist Church . A Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses is in the nest.

In addition to the Christian religious communities, there are now also Islamic religious communities in Peine. The three mosques in Peine are all in the southern part of the city.

politics

City Council

The City Council of Peine, the highest political decision-making body, makes decisions that affect the city's self-government. This includes the determination of public taxes , development plans or the naming of honorary citizens . This includes adopting regulations for the use and fees for public facilities such as libraries, street cleaning, garbage disposal, water supply, sewerage and district heating. The city council consists of 40 council women and councilors. This is the specified number for a city with a population between 40,001 and 50,000. The 40 council members are elected for five years each by local elections. The current term of office began on November 1, 2011 and ends on October 31, 2016.

The full-time mayor Klaus Saemann (SPD) is also entitled to vote in the city council.

The last local election on September 11, 2016 led to the following result (with the corresponding comparative figures for 2011 and 2006):

Party / list 2016 2011 2006
SPD 18 seats 19 seats 21 seats
CDU 13 seats 11 seats 12 seats
GREEN 3 seats 4 seats 2 seats
Peiner Bürgergemeinschaft (PB) 2 seats 2 seats 2 seats
FDP 1 seat 1 seat 1 seat
Community of Independent Citizens (GuB) - 1 seat 1 seat
The left 1 seat 1 seat 1 seat
Pirate party 1 seat 1 seat -
Individual applicants 1 seat - -

Management Committee

The main task of the administrative committee is to prepare the council resolutions with the help of recommendations from the specialist committees and local councils. It also makes its own decisions and takes care of residents' applications, suggestions and complaints from citizens. The administrative committee consists of the mayor, the councilors appointed by the council and the basic mandate holders.

mayor

The mayor , the third body of the city, is elected in local elections for a period of five years. He is responsible for the preparation and implementation of the resolutions of the city council and the administrative committee. He represents the city of Peine and represents the community in legal proceedings. In 2001 Udo Willenbücher was elected the first full-time mayor of the city of Peine with 50.8%. He was City Director from 1996 to 2001, succeeding Willi Boß. In 2006 he waived re-election for health reasons. In the local elections on September 11, 2006, Michael Kessler (SPD) was elected full-time mayor with 51.4% in the first ballot . In the mayoral election, which took place at the same time as the 2014 European elections, on May 25, 2014, Kessler ran again and prevailed against Karl-Heinrich Belte from the Peiner Bürgergemeinschaft (PB) with 73.9% of the vote. In advance, however, Kessler announced that if he won the election, he would only hold office for two years. In the mayoral election on September 11, 2016, no candidate received an absolute majority, so on September 25, 2016 there was a runoff between the SPD candidate Klaus Saemann (43.0%) and the CDU candidate Andreas Meier (34.9%) carried out in which Klaus Saemann received 52.2% of the votes.

Mayor of the city of Peine since 1945

Honorary mayor from 1945 to 2001

  • 1945–1946: Alfred Hertel (independent)
  • 1946–1947: Hermann Seidensticker (CDU)
  • 1947–1948: Walter Braune ( NLP )
  • 1948–1952: Hans Balbiani (SPD)
  • 1952–1955: Richard Langeheine ( DP )
  • 1955–1956: Arthur Enk (CDU)
  • 1956–1961: Hans Gallinis (SPD)
  • 1961–1964: Richard Langeheine ( GB / BHE , CDU)
  • 1964–1968: Hans Balbiani (SPD)
  • 1968–1970: Karl-Heinz Schülke (CDU)
  • 1970–1972: Richard Langeheine (CDU)
  • 1972–1991: Gerhard Heinze (SPD)
  • 1991-2001: Ulrich Biel (SPD)

City directors from 1948 to 2001 :

Full-time mayor since 2001

coat of arms

Peiner coat of arms

Blazon : "Split of gold and red, on a green arched foot two outwardly curved sheaves of gold , bound with black ribbon , overlaid by a [heraldic right] jumping red-tongued, black wolf ."

The coat of arms goes back to the coat of arms of the Lords of Wolfenbüttel (later von der Asseburg ) and in particular the coat of arms of the Ministerial Gunzelin von Wolfenbüttel , who took over Peine Castle around 1202 and founded the city of Peine in 1220. Only small things have changed on the coat of arms since the 13th century. The floor was originally silver and the colors of the sheaves were changed several times. The shield has only been split since the 17th century. The colors gold and red used here indicate the long membership in the prince-bishopric of Hildesheim (from 1260 to 1802).

Another version of the city's coat of arms is known from the 19th century. The coat of arms of that time was split in red and green, with a black wolf jumping over two golden sheaves; above the shield was enthroned still a bluish piston tournament helmet along with yellow-red crest . In another variant, another black wolf with a three-leaf clover sits on the helmet between two other yellow sheaves.

Today's coat of arms shows the color green only in the lower part - as the reason for the golden sheaves placed on it. Only since 1924 has there been a permanent city coat of arms, which was designed by the graphic artist Emil-Werner Baule (1870–1953), as research in the city and district archives revealed. The city ​​colors of Peine are green and red to this day.

Town twinning

Peine maintains a city ​​partnership with the following cities :

United KingdomUnited Kingdom Heywood ( Rochdale , Greater Manchester ) in the United Kingdom , since 1967 Aschersleben in Saxony-Anhalt , since 1990 Tripoli in Greece , since 2000
Saxony-AnhaltSaxony-Anhalt
GreeceGreece

After a long and good relationship , a friendship agreement was signed on February 13, 2003 with Asselheim , a district of Grünstadt .

Culture and sights

Theaters and museums

  • With the ballrooms and the forum, Peine offers two well-equipped venues. With the participation of the city and the district of Peine, the Kulturring association was formed in 1947 as the private sponsor of the city's theater life . He creates offers such as readings, exhibitions, theater performances and concerts. There are also two cinemas in Peine , the largest of which has 300 seats.
  • The city theater Peiner Festsäle on Friedrich-Ebert-Platz with its 750 seats, built by Norbert Stiller, was inaugurated in 1922. There is an anecdote about the foundation that the wife of the chairman of the supervisory board of Ilseder Hütte Wilhelm Meyer , an actress, was able to convince her husband and brother-in-law of the construction. In the street “Winkel” are the Forum Peine , which was opened in 1988 for cultural and public events, and the Schmedenstedthaus , a three-column house from 1685, which now houses the city library. Next to it is the Töpfers Mühle at the historic location of the Ratsmühle from the 14th century, which was damaged in an explosion in 1945. The old symbol of Peine was regained when a mill of the same type was bought from the island of Bornholm . A youth leisure center has been located in the mill since 1985. Since the spring of 2011 the Dutch windmill has been connected to the " Lower Saxony Mühlenstrasse ".
  • The district museum , which was inaugurated in 1988, is a historical museum that is dedicated both to the representation of Pein's everyday culture and the local steel industry. In addition to the exhibitions, lectures are also held here. The restored "Glück-auf-Haus" is integrated into the museum.
  • The chocolate of the confectionery manufacturer Rausch in the north industrial area is a chocolate museum . It shows the history of cocoa and chocolate production and also offers direct insights into production today. It contains a "chocolate volcano", a café and a tropical garden with cocoa plants.
  • The city ​​archive documents the history of the place through documents, files, maps and old Peiner newspapers.

Buildings

Interior of the St. Jakobi Church after the restoration (1992–1994)
Remains of Peine Castle
  • The market square , the oldest square in Peine, was laid out by Gunzelin von Wolfenbüttel . The traditional markets were held here. In the Middle Ages it represented the center of the city. During the restoration in 1986, a fountain was created in the middle of the square . The foundations of the original St. Jakobi church were also visible. The square is surrounded by buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries.
  • The old town hall from 1827 is also located on the market square and stands in the same place as several town halls before, including the one that burned down in 1557. Since the last renovation in 1985, it has had a carillon that can be heard on the hour on the afternoon.
  • The Protestant St. Jakobi Church in downtown Peine offers impressive wall and ceiling paintings and 800 seats for services and concerts. After the original church on the market square burned down in 1557, it was rebuilt at its current location, a few hundred meters further south. In 1693 the church was rebuilt in baroque style, in 1726 supporting pillars were added and in 1893 it was demolished due to dilapidation. From 1896 to 1899 another new building took place, this time in the neo-Gothic style. In 1994 a thorough renovation took place, whereby the church was painted again in the original colors.
Schicke-Schacke Peine 02.jpg
Schicke-Schacke Peine 01.jpg
Memorial for the Peine city ​​original , the servant Karl Kaufmann ("Schicke-Schacke"; 1838–1907), on Echternplatz.
  • The Echternplatz , which means something like "back space", is located diagonally behind the Jakobi Church. The town's craftsmen used to live here. On top of it is the Schicke-Schacke , a bronze statue that depicts a well-known servant and messenger of Peine from the 19th century.
  • The Friedrich-Ebert-Platz south of the station is the largest square Peines. The Rossmarkt was held here around 1900. The Pein water tower, built in 1888, is also located here. Another water tower was built on the Peiner Herzberg in 1908.
  • The Burgpark is a 6,000 square meter green area on which the restored remains of Peine Castle are located. The park was excavated from 1998 and completed in May 2000. Events are often held here in summer.
  • In the immediate vicinity of the castle park is the Catholic parish church to the Holy Angels , which was built in 1867 according to plans by Conrad Wilhelm Hase in the style of the north German brick Gothic . Inside there is a triumphal cross from the 13th century.
The Hagenmarkt
  • The streets of Damm and Kniepenburg are the oldest part of Peine. The dam, in which many Jews lived, was a separate community until 1852. The “Pelican House” from 1611, one of the oldest surviving residential buildings in Peine, can be found here. Sally (Salomon) Perel , a Jew from Peine, was born in house Damm 1 on April 21, 1925 . Perel, who now lives in Israel, survived the times of National Socialism under a false name . In his 1990 film ( I was Hitler Youth Salomon ) he described his life. A stumbling block has been laid in front of the house where he was born and it bears a plaque installed by the city of Peine.
Dam in Peine, view in east direction
  • The Hagenmarkt (from the field name Hagen = " swamp area ") is a circular square with seven streets in a star shape. It was laid out at the end of the 19th century, based on the urban model of Place Charles-de-Gaulle (previously Place de l'Étoile ) in Paris. At the end of the 19th century, the piglet market took place here regularly. Even today, a weekly market is held on Wednesdays and Saturdays in the square, which is lined with cafés and bars .
  • One of the most important architectural monuments of the city is the house Weißer Schwan in the Breiten Straße 58. The oldest half-timbered house in the core city, a former inn, was bought by the city in 2001 and saved from ruin. In the course of the restoration, a few remains of the original wall painting were uncovered inside the building. These are Renaissance paintings that are unique in Lower Saxony and date from the time the house was built around 1595.

Monuments

Potter's Mill

Sports

The city of Peine has a wide range of sports on offer. This includes numerous sports and gymnasiums, outdoor sports areas, fitness centers and shooting ranges . There are also riding halls and riding arenas, an indoor swimming pool, an outdoor swimming pool, a bowling alley and a glider airfield on the Glindbruchkippe not far from the town center of Pein . There are also two canoe associations in Peine : The folding boat department of "MTV Vater Jahn" and the Peine canoe community. In the entire district of Peine there are over 280 kilometers of paved cycle paths , and the Peiner Herzberg is also ideal for cycling or jogging. The biggest sporting event in Peine every year is the Peiner Triathlon, which attracts almost 1000 athletes to the Eixer See .

Regular events

Torment free shooting

The biggest festival is the annual shooting festival , the "Peiner Freischießen", which takes place for five days around the first Sunday in July. The name originally comes from the fact that the tormentors were able to "shoot themselves free" from civil duties.

The origin of the festival is unknown because of the city fire of 1557 already mentioned. The festival is only mentioned in a document in the statutes of the city of Peine that were subsequently drawn up. Today it is assumed that shortly after the city was founded around 1220 a kind of “vigilante group” existed in the often contested city. In the course of time, the citizens of Peine used this will to self-defense to secure more and more rights from the landlords (e.g. exemption from taxes or a mayor elected by the citizens).

Since the end of the 19th century, the Peiner Freischießen is no longer an event of a single “local shooting club”, but seven “corporations” compete. Each corporation determines its own king. Among the seven corporations there are three so-called "citizen corporations", namely the New Citizen Corps (1927) , the Citizen Jäger Corps (1871) and the Schützengilde (1597) . These shoot out the citizen king among themselves. In the year of his reign, the citizen king occupies a special position in the social life of the city.

The corps of citizens' sons (1814) , in which the so-called bachelors celebrate the free shooting, has a long tradition . The corps of citizens' sons shoots out its own active "king". The so-called passive department, consisting of members who are no longer single, determines the passive “king” among themselves.

The establishment of seven corporations has its roots in the time of the industrial revolution, which had a great impact on Peine. The many new citizens wanted to actively participate in the free shooting, but they were barred from entering the rifle guild, which at that time consisted of long-established Peiner merchants and craftsmen. In addition to the corporations already mentioned, the MTV father Jahn Peine from 1862 Corporation , TSV Bildung from 1863 and the Peiner Walzwerker Verein from 1878 take part in the largest local festival.

Since 1966 the festival has been opened with a large firework display, today it takes place on the Schützenplatz, which was built in 1979. The official appointments and free shooting offices are still the domain of men.

Further

Another major annual event is the Peiner Stadtfest, the Owl Market . Other events include since 1998 Highland Gathering , in which international pipe- and drum bands provide for the official open German championships a musical competition and then the Highland Games are held.

Economy and Infrastructure

Companies

The listed building of the BrauManufaktur Härke

Until the steel crisis in the 1970s, Peine was largely shaped by the steel industry (see also the rise of the economy ). After the collapse of the steel industry, as in other industrial centers, they were forced to replace the monostructure and the associated dependency.

In the middle center Peine a variety of promising enterprises was successfully settled. Among other things, the consumer electronics manufacturer Matsushita had a production and development facility in Peine. The site has since been the Berlin Chocolate -Produzenten noise assumed that since 1982 maintains a factory in the north of Peine. In 1973, the Pelikan AG company set up a plant in the Peiner district of Vöhrum. This factory is still the most important production site of the Pelikan Group worldwide.

The beer from the Härke private brewery , which can look back on a long tradition since the takeover of the Rauls'schen brewery in 1890, is popular with many people in Pein . In 2013 the company lost its independence. It was taken over by Einbecker Brauhaus AG and has been operating as Härke Braumanufaktur ever since .

The company Funkwerk Enterprise Communications GmbH (formerly Elmeg Communication Systems GmbH) is based in Peine. In 2011 the company NOWEDA (pharmaceutical wholesalers) opened a new location in Peine.

Many logistics companies have settled in the Peine-Ost industrial park in recent years. The logistics company Meyer & Meyer , based in Osnabrück, was able to settle here and opened a large warehouse in 2016 on behalf of Zalando . In 2017, DSV placed a logistics hub for North Germany there for the DM drugstore chain . In 2018, the non-food discounter Action Nederland opened a logistics center for Northeast Europe.

In addition to the industrial and commercial areas outside with convenient connections, the pedestrian zone built in 1971 in the Breite Straße with its retail trade could be maintained. The city is the headquarters of the Kreissparkasse Peine and the Volksbank Peine . The city of Peine is debt-free, which is a specialty in view of the excessive municipal debt.

In summary, plastics and metal processing, data and communication electronics, food and chocolate manufacturers, as well as public and private service companies are represented in Peine. The city of Peine itself has two company parks in which various companies with production and administration are located. Among other things, the auditorium of the grammar school at Silberkamp is located in company park II.

education

Peiner observatory at the Ratsgymnasium

The first evidence of a school in Peine - probably a Latin school - dates back to 1423. The school director from Hildesheim at the time was mentioned in a document. In the 1960s, numerous schools were expanded and some more were built.

Peine today has several primary and secondary schools such as the Bodenstedt / Wilhelmschule (secondary school) and the Burgschule (reliable primary / secondary school), the Gunzelin secondary school and a vocational school . In addition, there are three grammar schools : the Ratsgymnasium , the grammar school am Silberkamp and the vocational grammar school (only upper level) . An integrated comprehensive school has been located in the district of Vöhrum since 2001, which has also been given an upper secondary school level and thus offers the fourth opportunity to obtain the technical and general college entrance qualification in the urban area.

The three schools of the orientation level were closed in the summer of 2004 and incorporated into the secondary schools . Although Peine does not have its own university , it benefits from the proximity to the research centers in Braunschweig and Hanover.

In addition, Peine has a district adult education center for adult and further education .

The Ratsgymnasium also has an observatory with an electrically operated, 360 ° rotatable Baader observatory dome. In the fall of 2014, Erich Mouth Stock Foundation (donated by road Mundstock ) a new Meade-12 - Telescope .

traffic

Roads and bridges

The steel mill bridge

Peine is located directly on the federal autobahn 2 (A 2), which connects the Ruhr area with the German capital Berlin , and has a so-called double junction: in addition to the original autobahn exit “Peine”, an additional exit “Peine-Ost” was completed in 1997. Both carry the number 52. In addition, the federal highways B 65 , B 444 and B 494 run through the city. The two most important road structures are the north-south bridge (1978) and the steelworks bridge (2003). Both span the Hanover – Braunschweig railway line running through the city from west to east . The construction of the steelworks bridge took a total of two years: the groundbreaking ceremony took place on August 1, 2001; the opening took place on September 19, 2003, with great public participation. The bridge owes its name to the Peiner steelworks , over whose factory premises it runs.

Railroad and bus

Peine train station

Peine is on the Hanover – Braunschweig railway line . A special feature is that the station building is owned by the city after it was built in the mid-1990s at its expense. There is also a local transport terminal connected to the train station, which links the public transport bus and train. The Peiner Bahnhof has received several awards.

Peine station was the end of the line from Plockhorst, which opened in 1922 and was completely closed by 2003 . In addition, the former Peine – Ilseder railway of the Peine-Salzgitter transport company , which is only used for freight traffic, is linked to the network of Deutsche Bahn AG .

City traffic is mainly operated by Peiner Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH (PVG). The ONS company mainly operates regional transport.

Shipping

The port of Peine

Peine has two lands and a port on the Mittelland Canal , which was connected in 1929 as part of the construction of the Mittelland Canal. The ports of Peine are at km 196.6 south and at MLK km 202.

There are further investors for passenger and leisure shipping .

Airports

The nearest airports are Hannover-Langenhagen Airport in Langenhagen and Braunschweig-Wolfsburg Airport in Braunschweig . The Peine-Glindbruchkippe airfield is located in the town of Peine near Vöhrum , and the currently closed Peine-Eddesse airfield is in the neighboring municipality of Edemissen .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Memorial for Friedrich von Bodenstedt on the market square (2001)
The Protestant theologian and religious scholar Rudolf Otto , author of the standard work Das Heilige

Personalities who have worked or are working in Peine

House on the market square with a memorial plaque for Friedrich Spee
The actor Otto Sander at the Berlinale 2008
  • Friedrich Spee von Langenfeld (* 1591 in Kaiserswerth near Düsseldorf , † 1635 in Trier ), Jesuit , moral theologian , poet and spiritual writer, worked in Peine in 1628 and 1629.
  • Paul Gottlieb Werlhof (born March 24, 1699 in Helmstedt ; † July 26, 1767 in Hanover ), poet and physician, practiced for four years in Peine
  • Albert Lührs (* 1804 in Marschkamp near Elmlohe , † 1871 in Peine), theologian, superintendent and main editor of the Hanover catechism
  • Carl Freundel (* 1861 in Celle ; † 1944 in Peine), politician (DVP), member of the state parliament, senator in Peine
  • Anton van Norden (* 1879 in Loga , † 1955 in Peine), architect and city architect.
  • Arthur Enk (* 1894 in Frankfurt am Main ; † 1976 in Peine), entrepreneur and politician (CDU).
  • Richard Langeheine (* 1900 in Eixe bei Peine; † 1995 in Peine) was a politician of the German Party, the All-German Party and most recently the CDU as well as Lower Saxony Minister of Justice (1955–1956) and Minister of Education (1965–1970).
  • Dietrich Wilde (* 1909 in Suderode ; † 1984 in Peine), city director in Peine, holder of the Federal Cross of Merit 1st Class, 1939–1945 defender at special courts, courts-martial and at the People's Court (including defender of defendants for the assassination attempt of July 20, 1944).
  • Anna Margret Janovicz (* 1917 in Hanover; † 2017 in Peine), honorary ring holder of the city of Peine.
  • Richard Vetter (* 1919; † 2000), entrepreneur and inventor of the condensing boiler.
  • Burkhard Driest (* 1939 in Stettin; † 2020 in Berlin), German actor and screenwriter. He attended the Ratsgymnasium from 1957-1958, from which he was expelled for multiple violations of "discipline and order". Shortly before the end of his law studies, he raided a bank branch (1965), for which he was sentenced to a five-year prison term.
  • Otto Sander (* 1941 in Hanover; † 2013 in Berlin), grew up in Peine. He was an actor and played a. a. in Das Boot , Die Blechtrommel and Der Himmel über Berlin . He was also the stepfather of actors Ben Becker and Meret Becker .
  • Udo Willenbücher (* 1944 in Nordhorn ), 1996–2001 city director and 2001–2006 first full-time mayor of the city of Peine.
  • Michael Kessler (* 1949 in Frankfurt am Main), local politician, 2006–2016 mayor of the city of Peine.
  • Hans-Joachim Selenz (* 1951 in Gudensberg ), German engineer, politician and writer
  • Oliver Kalkofe (* 1965 in Hanover), comedian, columnist and actor, grew up in Peine, among others, and graduated from high school at Silberkamp. Kalkofe still likes to joke about the city today.
  • Patrik Fichte (* 1965 in Düsseldorf), actor and voice actor, grew up in Peine. After the 11th grade, he dropped out of the Gymnasium am Silberkamp and became an actor. He played u. a. in Forbidden Love , Bianca - Ways to Happiness and Alarm for Cobra 11 with.
  • Hubertus Heil (* 1972 in Hildesheim), politician, SPD General Secretary from November 2005 to November 2009 and from June to December 2017, most recently elected to the Bundestag as a direct candidate for the Gifhorn - Peine constituency in 2017, Federal Minister for Labor and Social Affairs since March 2018 .

Honorary citizen of the city of Peine

  • Friedrich von Bodenstedt (1819-1892)
  • Gerhard Lucas Meyer (1830-1916)
  • Carl Voges (1830–1921), senator and church leader
  • Heinrich Meyeringh (1889–1979)
  • Anton Görgner (1897–1988), local politician
  • Hermann Giere (1898–1987), local politician
  • Richard Langeheine (1900–1995)
  • Gerhard Heinze (1916–1997), honorary mayor of the city of Peine since 1991
  • Willy Boß (1931–2015), City Director of the City of Peine 1972–1996

literature

  • EFJ Koch: History of the dynasty, the office, the city, castle and fortress Peina in Lower Saxony . Hermann Heuer, Peina 1850. (digitized version )
  • Dietrich Wilde , Werner Raddatz: Peine, the creative city . Mimos Verlag, Hameln 1960.
  • Theodor Müller, Artur Zechel: The history of the city of Peine . Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the 30 Years War . Madsack, Hanover 1972.
  • Theodor Müller, Artur Zechel: The history of the city of Peine . Volume 2: From the middle of the 17th century to the end of the Hildesheim Monastery . Madsack, Hanover 1975.
  • Theodor Müller, Artur Zechel: The history of the city of Peine . Volume 3: From the beginning of the 19th century to the present . Madsack, Hanover 1982.
  • Annette von Boetticher : Historical directory of the district of Peine . (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen . Volume 30; = Historical Directory of Lower Saxony . Volume 6). Hahn, Hannover 1996, ISBN 3-7752-5833-7 .
  • Dieter Löhr: Peine . Sutton, Erfurt 2000, ISBN 3-89702-247-8 .
  • Lower Saxony Ministry of the Interior and Sport (Ed.): Niedersachsenbuch 2000 Peine . Hanover 2000, ISSN  0946-5588
  • Michael Utecht: The Peiner Owl. From a nickname to a landmark . In: News Letter . 16, 2004, ZDB -ID 2051627-7 , pp. 31-36. (PDF, 626 kB)
  • Jürgen Dieckhoff: The history of the city of Peine . Volume 4: On the way to the new millennium . 1st edition. Peine 2009.

Web links

Commons : Peine  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Peine  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
  2. a b The town of Peina Statuta Your police matters concerning the council, four men, office and guilds sampt of the whole citizenry approved and accepted in Anno Dni 1597 . Peine 1597.
  3. JS Versch , JG Gruber : General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts . 3. Section O – Z, Part 15, Brockhaus, Leipzig 1841, p. 1
  4. a b c City of Peine: Population status (December 31, 2017)
  5. ^ Hans Kuhn: First and early Germanic place names in Northern Germany and the Netherlands. In: Westfälische Forschungen , Volume 12 (1959), pp. 5-44, here pp. 6 ff .; Wolfgang Meid: Hans Kuhn's “Northwest Block” hypothesis. On the problem of the "peoples between Celts and Teutons". In: Heinrich Beck (Hrsg.): Germanic problems in today's view. Second edition, expanded to include a foreword, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York 1999, pp. 183–212, here p. 191. See also Reinhold Möller: Nasal suffixes in Lower Saxony settlement names and field names in testimonies before 1200. Universitätsverlag C . Winter, Heidelberg 1998, p. 119 ff.
  6. See the entry * peh₂ǵ- in the English Wiktionary.
  7. a b Helga Brand: History of the city (and office) Peine on the website of the District Home Federation.
  8. Thorsten Pifan: "Historian confirms city foundation in 1218" , Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung , September 22, 2009.
  9. Medieval silver finds in Peine: "The chemistry of wealth" , Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung
  10. Stern : 50 Years of Punishments, Points and Files , from: July 17, 2001; Retrieved on: July 25, 2017
  11. Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt time table ( memento of the original from August 8, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Retrieved on: July 25, 2017 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.kba.de
  12. woman places Lower Saxony , accessed on 18 March 2016th
  13. ^ First district administrator in Lower Saxony , accessed on March 18, 2016.
  14. ^ European Shooting Festival Peine 2015
  15. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 217 .
  16. Friedrich W. Harseim, C. Schluter (ed.): Statistical Manual for the Kingdom of Hanover . Schlueter, 1848, p. 6.
  17. a b Michael Utecht: The Peiner Owl. From mock names to symbols (PDF; 641 kB), in: Kauzbrief 16 (2004), pp. 31–36.
  18. Unknown author: Von der Eule zu Peine in the Gutenberg-DE project
  19. Kreiszeitung.de
  20. ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on December 17, 2011.
  21. Kessler (SPD) is re-elected as mayor with 73.9 percent , Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung, accessed on December 30, 2014.
  22. Klaus Saemann is the new mayor , Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung, accessed on October 23, 2016.
  23. ^ Arnold Rabbow: New Braunschweigisches Wappenbuch. Braunschweiger Zeitungsverlag, Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 2003, ISBN 3-926701-59-5 , p. 125 f.
  24. a b Coat of arms of the city of Peine on Heraldry of the world .
  25. Friendship contract with Asselheim - Germany , city of Peine online
  26. rausch-schokolade.de
  27. pelikan.com ( Memento of the original from February 17, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.pelikan.com
  28. paz-online.de
  29. Regional road traffic concept for the special purpose association Greater Braunschweig (PDF; 217 kB)
  30. ^ City of Peine online
  31. ^ Peine station , town of Peine
  32. Melskotte gets into the Peiner bus traffic. Retrieved April 19, 2019 .
  33. ^ Lower Saxony logistics portal
  34. Honorary ring holder Anna Margret Janovicz has died. In: Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung online, October 24, 2017, accessed on December 2, 2017.
  35. Michael Lieb: Benefactress for Peine: The city mourns Anna Margret Janovicz. In: Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung , October 25, 2017.
  36. ^ Obituary notice Anna Margret Janovicz In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , accessed on December 2, 2017.
  37. Carl Voge's tombstone
  38. Former City Director Dr. Willy Boss has died. In: Peiner Allgemeine Zeitung online, July 7, 2015, accessed December 18, 2015.