Heinrich I. (Braunschweig-Lüneburg)

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Duke Heinrich I of Braunschweig-Lüneburg

Heinrich the Middle , Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (* 1468 ; † February 19, 1532 in Wienhausen ), was Prince of Lüneburg from 1486 to 1520 .

Life

Heinrich von Braunschweig-Lüneburg was born in 1468 as the son of Otto the Victorious and Anna of Nassau . After his father died in 1471, he took over the government in 1486 from his mother, who had taken over the reign after the death of his grandfather Frederick the Pious in 1478. His government was mainly shaped by the entanglements in the Hildesheim collegiate feud , in which Heinrich stood on the side of the Hildesheim bishop and in opposition to the Hildesheim nobility and the Brunswick Guelphs allied with him. Although Heinrich succeeded in achieving military victory in the Battle of Soltau in 1519 , the intervention of the newly elected Emperor Charles V turned the victory won on the battlefield into a defeat. Heinrich had been on the side of the French crown pretender in the election of the king and thus incurred the enmity of Charles V.

So when the Brunswick after the defeat at the Battle of Soltau Charles V phoned for help, this 1521 imposed outlawry against him. However, Heinrich, with the threat in mind, had already handed over the government to his two eldest sons in 1520 and went into exile in France at the court of the French king. It was not until 1527, when the Reformation was introduced in the Lüneburg region, that he returned and tried to take over the government again with the help of the opponents of the Reformation. After this failed at the Landtag in Scharnebeck, he went back to France and only returned after the repeal of the imperial ban in 1530 and spent his last years first in Lüneburg, which his son Ernst had assigned him as his residence, then in Winsen an der Luhe and Wienhausen, where he lived "in seclusion" and died in 1532 on a hunt.

Immediately after the death of his wife Margarete von Sachsen on December 7, 1528, he entered into a second, unequal marriage in Lüneburg with the beautiful Anna von Campe, who had been his lover since 1520 and who had already given birth to two sons. "Heinrich's moral life was not impeccable; the reason given for his trip to France is his love for the beautiful Anna von Campe. This intensified the contrast between the father and the morally pure and strict son, who is entirely on the side of his seriously offended mother posed ", writes Karl Benrath in 1887.

Heinrich was buried in front of the altar in the choir of St. Mary's Church at Wienhausen Abbey. Around 1579 a gravestone of Heinrich the Middle was made with a height of 2.05 m and a width of 1.24 m.

progeny

Heinrich married on February 27, 1487 in Celle Margarete (1469–1528), daughter of the Elector Ernst of Saxony , with whom he had the following children:

⚭ 1518 Karl von Egmond , Duke of Geldern (1467–1538)
  • Otto I (1495–1549), Duke of Braunschweig-Harburg
⚭ 1525 Meta from Campe († 1580)
  • Ernst I (1497–1546), Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg
⚭ 1528 Princess Sophia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1508–1541)
  • Apollonia (1499-1571), nun
  • Anna (1502–1568)
⚭ 1525 Duke Barnim IX. of Pomerania (1501–1573)
  • Franz (1508–1549), Duke of Braunschweig-Gifhorn
⚭ 1547 Princess Klara of Saxony-Lauenburg (1518–1576)

From his second marriage to Anna von Campe he had two sons:

  • Franz Heinrich, died young in France
  • Heinrich, died young in captivity in Celle

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Brigitte Streich (ed.): Stadt, Land, Schloss: Celle als Residenz, Volume 29 from the series Celler Contributions to Regional and Cultural History, Bielefeld 2000, p. 155 ISBN 3-89534-379-X .
  2. ^ Steger, Friedrich, Das Haus der Welfen: Contributions to the history of the Lande Braunschweig and Hanover in biographies, Braunschweig 1843, p. 175.
  3. ↑ Both the exact year of his return and the question of whether he would travel to France again after his return is controversial. The more recent literature assumes that Heinrich did not return until 1528. A further visit to France is not discussed there. See: http://www.st-marien-winsen.de/wp-content/uploads/St.-Marien-Quellen-2.-Auflage-Buch.pdf .
  4. ^ Benrath, Karl, History of the Reformation in Venice, Halle a. S., Association for the History of the Reformation 1887, p. 48.
  5. ↑ Riggert, Ida-Christine, Die Lüneburger Frauenkloster (publications of the historical commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen XXXVII / 19), Volume 37, Part 19, Hannover 1996, p. 41, ISBN 3-7752-5845-0 .
  6. ↑ Anna, b. Ash Wednesday 1492 and died young (probably the lady with the Moorish face). (Gmelin, Hans Georg, Late Gothic panel painting in Lower Saxony and Bremen, Munich, Berlin 1974, p. 445, ISBN 3-422-00665-6 .)
predecessor Office successor
Frederick the Pious Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg,
Prince of Lüneburg
1486–1520 		Ernst I. and Otto I.
personal data
SURNAME Heinrich I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heinrich the Middle; Heinrich von Braunschweig-Lüneburg-Celle; Henricus Brunsvicum-Luneburgum, Dux; Henricus Brunsvicum-Lunaeburgum, Dux
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince of Lüneburg
DATE OF BIRTH 1468
DATE OF DEATH February 19, 1532
Place of death Wienhausen