Schlageter monuments and name sponsorships

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Schlageter monument on the Luhberg near Peine
In the city of Bonn and before the corporation houses distributed HJ - leaflet (June 1934), verbal assault on the Catholic student organizations.

Albert Leo Schlageter , sentenced to death by the French occupying forces during the Ruhr occupation in 1923, was elevated to the status of a martyr after his execution, especially by right-wing circles . The first memorials were erected in 1926. The "Schlageter cult" in National Socialist Germany led to the erection of an estimated hundred Schlageter monuments , of which around 20 still exist. Accordingly, streets, places, organizations and the like were often named after Schlageter. After 1945 these were gradually renamed in most cases. Most of the monuments only exist in rudimentary remains or are largely neglected.

Monuments

One of the first monuments for Schlageter was erected in 1926 on the Höllenberg near Visselhövede. It bears the year of construction on its back. Another monument was inaugurated in July 1927 in (Wuppertal-) Elberfeld. In Elberfeld, from where Schlageter carried out his sabotage actions against the French occupation troops, his body was first laid out in the town hall after its exhumation in June 1923.

The largest monument for Schlageter was the " Schlageter National Monument " on the Golzheimer Heide near Düsseldorf. It was initiated by circles around the Poznan Lord Mayor Ernst Wilms . Ludwig Hügen names the Cartell Association of Catholic German Student Associations as the driving force. The memorial was inaugurated within a large parade area on May 23, 1931. It was designed by the architect Clemens Holzmeister and consisted of a 27 meter high slender steel cross over a large stone sarcophagus, Hügen speaks of an altar-like base. There was also an underground memorial room and a circular courtyard four meters deep with a diameter of 28 meters. The monument was blown up in 1946 at the behest of the British occupation authorities. At the point where the memorial stood, the Three Norns memorial was erected in 1958 on the edge of the north cemetery by Jupp Rübsam for the victims of the field, the homeland and the political terror .

An event at the Schlageter memorial on the Kreuzberg near Lohne on the tenth anniversary of Albert Leo Schlageter's death, which took place on May 28, 1933, was attended by around 5000 people, mainly members of the " Stahlhelm " association, the SA and Hitler -Youth .

88 of the Schlageter monuments were documented by Christian Fuhrmeister with their possible state of preservation. Among others are to be mentioned:

  • Schlageter-Kreuz on the Hammerberg above Passau : built in 1933, existed until 1957, was replaced that year by the Hungarian or St. Stephen's Cross to commemorate the Hungarian uprising of 1956 because of the geographic and historical proximity of the city to Hungary . (The blessed Gisela , daughter of the duke of Bavaria and widow of the holy Hungarian king Stephan , is buried in Passau; the diocese of Passau reached as far as Hungary in the Middle Ages.)
  • Schlageter monument on the Letzberg in his home town of Schönau in the Black Forest in the Black Forest. The granite obelisk was inaugurated in 1926 and demolished in 1937 for an unfinished larger monument.
  • Schlageter-Stein on the Krachenberg in Landsberg am Lech , a gravestone-sized memorial with name and date of death on the front and the dedication “The Heroes of the Rhine and Ruhr” on the back. The memorial was lifted from its anchorage by a group of artists in 2006 and removed through the city after a lost trial.
  • Schlageter monument on the Luhberg near Peine - Stederdorf , 3 m high boulder , initiated in 1925 by the Young German Order .
Schlageter-Stein at the Hanskühnenburg in the Harz Mountains
  • Poorly preserved Schlageter memorial stone on the Hanskühnenburg in the Harz Mountains. The stone was removed in 2013 by the property owner ( Harz National Park ).
  • Schlageter monument in St. Peter in the Black Forest, near the Gschwanderdobelhütte. It is on a hiking trail and is well preserved.
  • Schlageter Memorial in Siegen , which was to be inaugurated on May 28, 1933 in the Weidenau zoo on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of Schlageter's death. The inauguration of the monument created by the regional brotherhood of the Young German Order was forbidden by the Weidenau police authority on higher instructions. The cast iron plaque with Schlageter's name and the order cross was replaced by the Nazis with a plaque of the same size with just a swastika. The remains of the monument were finally cleared in 1985.
  • Schlageter monument on the Kreuzberg in Lohne (Oldenburg).
  • Schlageter-Stein in Weimar , a memorial inaugurated on May 23, 1931, erected by the Wehrwolf Association from Halle .
  • Schlageter stone in Marienmünster , a tombstone the size of a stone on the Hungerberg with the inscription Dem Deutschen Helden Schlageter .
  • Schlageter-Stein in Neustettin in the Neustettiner Park. This monument no longer exists today.
  • Schlageter-Stein in Nordhausen , erected in the city park, removed on May 27, 1945
  • Schlageter stone in Plau am See on Klüschenberg, large boulder buried there after 1945. The plan to excavate the boulder as a natural monument failed a few years ago due to concerns that someone might remember the former dedication and cause a public discussion about Schlageter.
  • Schlageter-Stein in Northeim near Göttingen on Wilhelmswiese. It was removed in 1989 by a council decision and then "crushed".
Schlageter monument in Billerbeck
Schlageter monument on the Jakobsberg in the Weser Mountains at the Porta Westfalica
  • Schlageter monument in Billerbeck / Westphalia, inaugurated in 1934. Removal of the inscription after the war, in 1953 it was rededicated as a "prisoner of war memorial". The memorial consists of several boulders stacked on top of one another. The inscription was placed on the large lower stone. (see image)
  • Schlageter monument on the Great Seeberg near Gotha / Thuringia. It is unknown who erected the monument from a sandstone block about 2 meters by 2 meters. In 1945 the memorial plaque was removed and the stone split in the middle. The stone halves are still present at the site.
  • Schlageter memorial on the vineyard near Perleberg (Prignitz), consisting of a stone column with a wooden plate, on which the name, date of birth and date of death are stamped. The monument is hidden in a forest.
  • Stone monument on Schlageterplatz (until 1945) in Habelschwerdt / Silesia (County Glatz), a square on the western outskirts lined with old deciduous trees. A stone with a simple, dark, inset plaque, on which Schlageter's name and year of birth and death, no NS emblem.
  • Schlageter monument on the Höllenberg near Visselhövede , Rotenburg / Wümme district, a stone monument about 4 meters high. The swastika was removed by chiselling and then redrawn shortly afterwards. Later the lettering covered with cement, but has been exposed again in the meantime.
  • Schlageter monument on the Jakobsberg in Porta Westfalica . The monument has been changed, the stone base, which is still 6 meters high, has been covered with an accessible viewing platform.
  • Schlageter inscription on a remote stone slope in the forest near Bremke / Göttingen. Except for the name and Düsseldorf, all words scraped out.
  • Schlageter memorial in Dachau concentration camp , inauguration on May 26, 1933
  • Schlageter Stone in Wardböhmen near Celle (new construction 2012)
  • Schlageter monument in the Liethwald at the outdoor pool in Bad Fallingbostel , inscription carved out.
  • Schlageter Island in the Böhme Forest in the Böhme in Soltau with stone without inscription
  • Schlageter memorial stone on the Hörnchen near Kindsbach (Palatinate); to the west Bärenlochweiher; Inscription recently uncovered
  • Schlageter monument as a wooden cross on the Hauptmann-Loeper-Berg (today a vineyard) in the Hanseatic city of Osterburg.
  • Schlageter monument in Berlin-Wilmersdorf
  • Schlageter memorial stone on the Ellertstein near Kleinostheim (Lower Franconia). Inauguration on July 1, 1933.

Name sponsorships

Phlox paniculata "Albert Leo Schlageter"

sorted by years During the National Socialist era, troop units, barracks and armaments were named after Schlageter.

  • 1925: The breeding of a flame flower , Phlox paniculata , was named "Leo Schlageter" (initially without "Albert") by its breeder, Georg Arends .
  • 1932: The first Gauführerschule of the Hitler Youth in Campen Castle was named Albert-Leo-Schlageter-Haus .
  • In 1933 the Burgplatz in Flensburg was renamed Schlageterplatz . There, the war memorial was located from 1926 to 1974 "on the Watch" for the First World War fallen of Fusiliers "Queen" (Schleswig-Holstein) no. 86. The regiment was from the 1870s in the Duburg barracks stationed. During the Third Reich, the monument on Burgplatz was the meeting place for Nazi formations. Shortly after the capitulation (1945) the square got its original name back.
  • Around 1934 the Betzenhausen elementary school (today: Gerhart-Hauptmann-Schule) was given the name "Schlageterschule".
  • In 1935 the “Schlageter settlement for front-line fighters” between Buckower Damm and the Buckow district is listed in the address book , with the note as the owner for the single-family houses on properties 1-85 (left side, odd) and 2-86 (right side, even) "Unnamed" stands. After the inflation, the construction of the suburban settlement was started by Neuland EGmbH with settlement houses for construction workers.
  • 1936:
    • The old Rhine bridge between Mannheim and Ludwigshafen was renamed Leo Schlageter Bridge . It was destroyed in World War II. The successor is the Konrad-Adenauer-Brücke .
    • In Saarbrücken there was a "Schlageter Bridge" since 1936, which was destroyed in World War II and rebuilt in 1946. At first it was still called "Schlageter Bridge", but has since been renamed Daarler Bridge .
    • The RAD department 4/319 in Leuscheid (municipality: Windeck) was given the name Schlageter . Today the building of the leisure and meeting place of the Christian Relief Organization in Leuscheid stands in the same place.
  • 1937:
  • 1938:
  • 1945: in March an infantry division of the Wehrmacht made up of members of the Reich Labor Service (RAD) : Infantry Division Schlageter (RAD No. 1).
  • Without year:
    • The House of Technology in Königsberg (Pr.) Was renamed Albert-Leo-Schlageter-House .
    • There were also a number of Nazi comradeships at the universities in the German Reich that bore the name Schlageters, such as in StMV Blaue Sänger in Göttingen .
    • The city ponds in Bottrop are still called Schlageter pond by some (mostly in ignorance of the namesake) . Only in the last few years has the official name city ponds become more and more popular. The Schlageter Island in the Böhme River in the Boehmewald near Soltau in Lower Saxony , which is still called this name today, is said to be named after Albert Leo Schlageter.
  • Streets: In many places streets were named after Albert Leo Schlageter and are no longer called that today.
  • Schools: For various schools, such as the Realgymnasium in Duisburg , the Oberrealschule in Schopfheim, today's Freiherr-vom-Stein-Gymnasium in Oberhausen and the Gymnasium visited by Schlageter in Konstanz , it was named after the National Socialist era. A renaming of the Comenius-Gymnasium ( Düsseldorf-Oberkassel ) in "Schlageter-Gymnasium" had been considered by the National Socialists, but this was prevented by the headmaster at the time, Hans Mosler, with reference to the top priority of " final victory ".

literature

  • Christian Fuhrmeister: Concrete, clinker brick, granite .: Monuments in the 20th century: Use of materials as a gesture of power. , Construction 2001 ISBN 334-500-7150 .
  • Christian Fuhrmeister: Against “lawlessness, lumpiness and effeminacy.” The Schlageter monument on the Kreuzberg near Vechta. (1924) In: Oldenburg. JB 100, 2000, pp. 113-135.
  • Christian Fuhrmeister: Albert Leo Schlageter as a symbol of national identity in Silesia? Schlageter monuments in Polkowitz and Oppeln as well as designs for Gleiwitz and Neisse. In: Bernard Linek (ed.): Nacjonalizm a tożsamość narodowa w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w XiX i XX w. Opole 2000, pp. 215-228. ( Collective volume in full text on Eastern Europe documents online ).
  • Michael Knauff: The Schlageter National Monument on the Golzheimer Heide in Düsseldorf. In: History in the West. Issue 2, 1995, p. 198 ff.
  • Joachim Kuropka: The stones on the Kreuzberg - a memorial for Schlageter - and for loyal center voters. In: Yearbook for the Oldenburger Münsterland. 2007, ISBN 978-3-9810290-2-4 , pp. 82-98.
  • Stefan Zwicker: “National Martyrs”: Albert Leo Schlageter and Julius Fučík. Hero cult, propaganda and culture of remembrance. (Collection Schöningh on the past and present) Schöningh, Paderborn 2006, ISBN 978-3-506-72936-1 . ( Full text on Eastern Europe documents online ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Stefan Zwicker: National Martyrs: Albert Leo Schlageter and Julius Fucik. Hero cult, propaganda and culture of remembrance. Paderborn u. a. 2006, p. 95.
  2. ↑ Past times. Retrieved June 29, 2018 (German).
  3. ↑ Ruth-Meyer-Kahrweg: Monuments, fountains and sculptures in Wuppertal , Wuppertal 1991, pp. 252–255, ISBN 3-87093-057-8 .
  4. ^ Stefan Zwicker: National Martyrs, p. 67 f.
  5. ↑ Ludwig Hügen, War Albert Leo Schlageter in March 1923 in Schiefbahn? , Heimatbuch des Kreis Viersen, Vol. 48, 1997, pp. 206-210. A postcard of the memorial from Karl Wallach Verlag, Düsseldorf is shown on p. 209. Hügen refers to Michael Knauff, Das Schlageter National Monument on the Golzheimer Heide in Düsseldorf . In: History in the West . Volume 2, 1995, p. 168ff.
  6. ^ Hubert Gelhaus: The political-social milieu in Südoldenburg from 1803 to 1936 ( Memento from June 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ). Dissertation 2000, p. 319 (PDF, 3 MB)
  7. ↑ Christian Fuhrmeister: Against "lawlessness, lumpiness and effeminacy": The Schlageter monument on the Kreuzberg near Vechta (1924) . In: Oldenburg Yearbook . Vol. 100, 2000. pp. 113-136
  8. ^ Peter Kuhlbrodt: Inferno Nordhausen . Nordhausen 1995, p. 50
  9. ↑ Ruth Röwer-Döhl, More art in the city , in: Northeim in the 20th century , ed. v. Home u. Museum Association for Northeim u. Environment e. V., 2002, p. 506.
  10. ↑ regional newspaper report about an artistic action at the monument (accessed on February 21, 2012)
  11. ↑ State security intervenes . In: https://www.kreiszeitung.de . November 24, 2010 ( Kreiszeitung.de [accessed June 29, 2018]).
  12. ^ Stefan Zwicker: National Martyrs, p. 96.
  13. ↑ New Schlageter monument in Wardböhmen near Bergen Belsen . In: Helmut Lent . January 16, 2018 ( helmut-lent.de [accessed January 16, 2018]).
  14. ↑ New stone is reminiscent of Schlageter . ( cellesche-zeitung.de [accessed on January 16, 2018]). New stone is reminiscent of Schlageter ( Memento of the original from January 16, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cellesche-zeitung.de
  15. ↑ Jonas Reif: Plants with history (s): Plox paniculata 'Albert Leo Schlageter' by Georg Arends . In: Gartenpraxis 11-2017. ISSN 0341-2105, p. 13.
  16. ^ History - Gerhart Hauptmann elementary school. Retrieved on July 28, 2019 (German).
  17. ↑ Schlageter settlement for frontline soldiers . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1935, Part IV., P. 1724.
  18. ↑ City Archives of the City of Ludwigshafen am Rhein (ed.): History of the City of Ludwigshafen am Rhein: Vol. 2. From the end of the First World War to the present. Ludwigshafen am Rhein 2003, ISBN 3-924667-35-7 , p. 253
  19. ↑ Traudl Brenner: Fates of the Bridge: Sometimes meaningless, sometimes indispensable , Saarbrücker Zeitung, May 6, 2010
  20. ↑ Horst Adler: Schweidnitz in the years 1934-1939 Materials on a city history Renaming the Oberrealschule (PDF; 387 kB), p. 27, accessed on March 1, 2013
  21. ↑ Gröner, Erich: The German Warships 1815-1945. Volume 2: Special ships, auxiliary war ships, auxiliary ships, small ship associations, JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1968, pp. 626–628.
  22. ↑ Newspaper article "The Comenius-Gymnasium celebrates" in the Rheinische Post